选项中Necessarily“必须地”与Basically“基本地”为副词,分别带入原文,“报酬...的变化是必须的”更符合上下文意思,故排除N),选K)。
10.选G)。
此 处应填形容词。前文中提到一种情况即simple to measure the work done\易于评估的工作\,通常用现金奖励办法;而...measurement is difficult“难于评估的”,说明这些工作人员的工作不像手工工作那么直接,因而是间接的,故选项中只有G)indirect符合原句的意思。 Passage 14
Britain is not just one country and one people; even if some of its inhabitants think so. Britain is, in fact, a nation which can be divided into several __1__ parts, each part being an individual country with its own language, character and cultural __2__. Thus Scotland, Northern Ireland and Wales do not claim to __3__ to \because their inhabitants are not __4__ \and many of them prefer to speak their own native tongue, which in turn is __5__ to the others.
These cultural minorities(少数民族) have been Britain's original inhabitants. In varying degrees they have managed to __6__ their national characteristics, and their particular customs and way of life. This is probably even more ture of the __7__ areas where traditional ife has not been so affected by the __8__ of industrialism as the border areas have been. The Celtic races are said to be more emotional by nature than the English. An Irish temper is legendary. The Scots could rather __9__ about their reputation for excessive thrift and prefer to be remembered for their folk songs and dances, while the Welsh are famous for their singing. The Celtic __10__ as a whole produces humorous writers and artists, such as the Irish Bernard Shaw, the Scottish Robert Burns, and the Welsh Dylan Thomas, to mention but a few.
[A]incomprehensible [B]temper [C]remote [D]separate [E]understandable [F]forget [G]generally [H]temperament [I]preserve [J]strictly [K]traditional [L]reserve [M]growth [N]apply [O]belong
Answers:
1.选D)。
此 处应填形容词,修饰名词parts。文章首句即提出观点Britain is not just one country and one people“英国不只是一个国家和一个民族”,又从后文的invided into, each part以及Individual country可知英国被分成几个分离的部分,选项中只有separate表达了这个意思,故D)正确。 2.选K)。
此处应填名词。选项中有四个词temper, temperament, traditions和growth,语言等是一个民族的文化传统,故这里应该填K)traditions,其他几个名词不符合上下文。 3.选O)。
此 处应填动词原形。前文中说明英国被分成独立的几部分,各自保存自己的文化传统;后文中because...说明苏格兰、北爱尔兰以及威尔士的居民不承认自 己是“English”,说明他们并不承认自己属于“England”,故这里应该选择O)belong。apply也可以和to连用,但apply to表示“将...应用于”,不符合上下文意思。 4.选J)。
此处应填形容词或副词。选项中的副词有generally和 strictly,文中要表达的意思是因为这几个部分都有自己的语言和文化传统,所以严格来说,他们不是“English”,但他们都属于 English。故J)strictly符合文意。generally“一般地,大体地”放在原文意义上不够严谨。三个形容词不能使语义通顺。 5.选A)。
从 前文中prefer to speak their own native tongue即苏格兰语、苏格兰语和威尔士语,那么这些语言对the others(见注释1)来说是陌生的,听不懂的。那么就不难从选项中的incomprehensible和understandable中选择前者,故 A)incomprehensible“不能理解的”正确。
6.选I)。
由manage to结构可知此处要填的是动词原形。选项中的动词原形还有forget,preserve和reserve。从下文中traditional life has not been so affected,可知他们成功地保存了自己的传统,排除forget;reserve和presserve都有“保存”的意思,前者指存留起来以派别的 用场,后者指想办法保持原样,强调抵制破坏因素,故I)preserve符合文意。 7.选C)。
此处应填形容词。从后文where traditional life has not been so affected by the ... of industrialis\人们的传统生活受工业化...的影响没有那么大的地方\可以推知,这些地方是比较偏远的地方,选项中的C)remote“偏僻 的,
遥远的”符合上下文意思。 8.选M)。
border area“边界地区”的工业化发展的比remote area要快,所以此处要填的词是表示上升、增长的词,表示工业化的发展,选项M)growth“增长,发展”符合上下文意思。 9.选F)。 would rather和prefer意思相同,后面是宁愿让人记住他们的好的东西:民歌,舞蹈等。前面说的是过分节俭的坏名声,所以填入动词的意思应该与remember意思相反,选项中的F)forget符合上下文意思。 10.选H)。
此处应填名词。选项中的名词还有temper和temperament。前者指脾气,指情绪上的主要特征,后者指特征、气质,尤指带感情色彩的个性和在社交上的个性。这里指的是整个凯尔特民族的特征,故H)temperament正确。
Passage 13
Americans are proud of their variety and individualty, yet they love and respect few things more than a uniform. Why are uniforms so __1__ in the United States?
Among the arguments for uniforms, one of the first is that in the eyes of most people they look more __2__ than civilian(百姓的) clothes. People have become conditioned to __3__ superior quality from a man who wears a uniform. The television repairman who wears a uniform tends to __4__ more trust than one who appears in civilian clothes. Faith in the __5__ of a garage mechanic is increased by a uniform. What an easier way is there for a nurse, a policeman, a barber, or a waiter to __6__ professional identity(身份) than to step out of uniform? Uniforms also have many __7__ benefits. They save on other clothes. They save on laundry bills. They are often more comfortable and more durable than civilian clothes.
Primary among the arguments against uniforms is their lack of variety and the consequent loss of __8__ experienced by people who must wear them. Though there are many types of uniforms, the wearer of any particular type is generally stuck with it, without __9__, until retirement. When people look alike, they tend to think, speak, and act __10__, on the job at least.
[A]skill [B]popular [C]get [D]change
[E]similarly [F]professional [G]character [H]individuality [I]inspire [J]differently [K]expect [L]practical
[M]recall [N]lose [O]ordinary
ANSWERS: 1.选B)。
从 文章的第一句they love and respect few thins more than a uniform“他们又无比热爱和崇尚制服”,说明了制服在美国很受欢迎。因此选项B)popular符合原文意思。选项中的professional “职业的”、practical“实用的”和ordinary“普通的,平常的”都不符合第一段的意思。
2.选F)。
此处应填形容词。从 more...than civilian clothes可知,此处要填的形容词意思与civilian相对,说明制服的特点。选项中的形容词中只有professional“职业的”和 civilian相对的,故F)正确。而pratical“实用的”和ordinary“平常的”意思都不能和civilian对应,故排除。 3.选K)。
由be conditioned to do sth.“习惯于”可知,此处应填动词原形。从前面的look more“看起来更...”和后面的tend to“倾向于”可知,这段要说明的是人们的主观印象,应填入表示“期望(得到)”的单词,只有K)expect符合原文语气。选项中get“得到”与上下 文的语气不符合。 4.选I)。
此处应填动词原形。从原文中“人们习惯...从穿制服的人那儿得到优质服务。”可知,人们更信任穿制服的人,即制服能使人产生信任感。选项中的动词原形中只有inspire“使产生”符合文章。
5.选A)。
此处应填名词。前面两句表达了人们对穿制服的人更加信任的意思,那么对于garage mechanic“汽车修理工”来说,人们信任的是它的技术,而不是人品,故选项中只有A)skill符合原文意思。 6.选N)。
此处应填动词。...step out of uniform“脱掉制服”是对护士、警察等来说
是......职业身份的很简单的方式。脱下制服就是失去了职业身份,由此可以推知此处应填N)lose。 7.选L)。 此处应填形容词,说明制服的其他有点。从下文“...节省购买其他衣服的开销,节省洗衣费用,比便服更舒适也更耐穿”可知,制服除了增加信任感还有实际的优点。选项中的pratical“实用的”和ordinary“平常的”,很明显L)pratical符合原文意思。 8.选H)。
此 处应填名词。文章手段就说“美国人为自己的多元化和个性化感到高傲无比,然而他们又无比热爱和崇尚制服”,其中包含制服使他们失去自己的个性的意思,那么 联系第一段,此处指出的制服的缺点即为失去个性,故选项H)individuality正确。individuality强调与他人特点的区别,而 character指的是个人特定的内在本质。 9.选D)。
此处应填名词。前面说制服让人失去了个性,虽然有很多种制服,但穿上制服的人直至退休都是那件制服,所有是没有变化的,故此处应填change,故D)正确。 10.选E)。
此处应填副词,修饰动词act。前面指出...look alike,they tend to...,说明此处填的词和alike意思相近。选项种副词有similarly和differently,很明显,E)similarly与alike意思相近,故选E)。 来源:考试大-英语四级考试
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