The trade terms, are the short terms or abbreviations or brief English concept(3 English characters in Incoterms2000) to indicate/explain the composition/formation of the unit price and determine the (1)responsibilities/rights and obligations, (2)expenses and (3)risks borne by two parties as well as the time of the passing of the property in the goods.
Trade terms are short terms and abbreviations which are used to explain the price composition, to define the delivery of the goods, to indicate which party bear the freight, insurance and other relevant charges, and assume the liability in case damage or loss of the goods occurs. EXW工厂交货FOB 指定起运地点交货 FAS指定装运港船边交货
CFR成本加运费（指定目的地）CIF 成本加保险、运费（指定目的地） DEQ进口港码头交货（关税已付）
FOB: Free on Board (Named inland carrier at named inland point of departure) 国内指定起运地点运输工具上交货
FOB: Free on Board (Named inland carrier at named inland point of departure freight prepaid to…named point of exportation)
国内指定起运地点运输工具上交货，运费付至指定出口地点
FOB: Free on Board (Named inland carrier at named inland point of departure freight allowed to…named point)
国内指定起运地点运输工具上交货，扣除至指定地点运费
FOB: Free on Board (Named inland carrier at named inland point of exportation) 国内指定出口地运输工具上交货
FOB: Free on Board Vessel (named port of shipment 指定装运港船上交货
FOB: Free on Board (named inland point in country of importation) 进口国指定国内地点运输工具上交货
The following terms can be used only for sea or inland waterway transport: FAS, FOB, CFR, CIF, DES, DEQ
The following terms can be used for multimodal transport EXW, CIP, CPT, FCA, DAF, DDU, DDP Six main international trade terms FOB, CFR, CIF, FCA, CPT, CIP
FOB (Free on Board,…named port of shipment) CFR (Cost and Freight，…named port of destination) CIF (Cost，Insurance and Freight，…named port of destination)FCA: Free Carrier at(…named place)（货交承运人（……指定地点）CPT: Carriage Paid to (…named place of destination)（运费付至（……指定目的地） CIP: Carriage and Insurance Paid to (…named place of destination)（运费和保险费付至（……指定目的地）
Case 1 On FOB term basis, Seller A prepared the goods at the stipulated time, meanwhile , Buyer B informed A of the name of vessel and the date of shipment ,when the goods is lifted to the ship, it fell down on the deck, now： Who shall take responsibility? Seller or Buyer?
Case 2我国对新加坡CFR合同出口一批化肥，合同规定1~3月份装运，国外来证也如此，别无其他字样。但我方在租船订舱时发生困难，因出口量大一时租不到足够的舱位，需分3次装运。问在这种情况下，是否需要国外修改信用证得装运条款？
Cost Insurance and Freight（insert named port of destination） 成本、保险费加运费 （插入指定目的港）FCA-Free Carrier (insert named place of delivery) 货交承运人（插入指定交货地点） Case3 我某出口公司按CFR条件向日本出口红豆250吨，合同规定卸货港为日本口岸，发货物时，正好有一船驶往大阪，我公司打算租用该船，但在装运前，我方主动去电询问哪个口岸卸货时，时值货价下跌，日方故意让我方在日本东北部的一个小港卸货，我方坚持要在神户或者大阪。双方争执不下，日方就此撤消合同。
问题： 试问我方做法是否合适？日本商人是否违约？
Under FOB terms , the risk separation was the rail of the ship , during the shipment of goods, if they didn’t across the ship's rail, and fell to the sea, the seller should bear the risk . When the goods across the ship's rail, fall in the deck, the buyer should bear the corresponding risks. In this case, falling into the cargo deck, the buyer can assume the risk is no doubt.
1、CFR术语下，出口商（卖方）负责办理租船订舱，装船作业并支付到目的港的运费，买方无权干涉（但买方可在买卖合同中事先与卖方协商）
2、本案例中卖方“因出口量大一时租不到足够的舱位，需分3次装运。”属于分批装运；仔细分析合同及信用证，并无禁止分批装运的条款约定。
3、按国际惯例，若合同和信用证无相反约定，分批装运是允许的。
4、合同和信用证仅仅要求在1-3月份装运，所以，只要卖方在分批装运的时候保证3次装运都在1-3月份之内就可以理解为符合合同约定和信用证条款， 所以——不需要修改信用证装运条款。
不合适。选择港的使用；合同中规定的卸货港为日本口岸，按照惯例，进口商在装运前应通知出口商，否则出口商可自行决定可在日本的任何一个港口卸货；我方去电询问,纯属多此一举，这种做法不妥当；日方撤消合同没有正常理由，违约的原因是价格下跌，属正常商业风险，不能作为撤约的理由。
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