elationship between Government and business. The \neral Secretary of \ord succinctly summarized the new relationship between Government and business, as pure politics, reshaping the political relationship specified in the direction. District leaders in handling political and business relations, engage in trading power for money, and finally stumbled, we a lesson, always keep in mind that \ean\cticing \o open a sincere engagement with private enterprise to help solve practical difficulties; \Clear \clarify the Division of power, exercised in accordance with, private entrepreneurs with innocent purity, not abusing power for personal gain, not to engage in trading power for money. Third, in order to maintain fairness and justice. Fairness and justice is the lifeline of the rule of law, is the best development environment. Currently, lax law enforcement and the judicial sector in our region also exist to varying degrees, lawenforcement departments and individual window units power for personal gains and bribes, thick friends, relations, human cases, money cases in which seriously infringe on the legitimate rights and interests of enterprises and people. Especially some law enforcement and inspection for profit purposes, deliberately looking for corporate loopholes, found directly under the ticket does not give business improvement opportunities. We recruit a company doesn't easily, cultivating a business more difficult, never for personal gain, systematiharassment, card, last checked to check to get the enterprise collapsed. o guarantee the legitimate rights and interests. Always proceed from the overall situation of reform and development of services, fully consider the characteristics of production and management in non-public enterprises and social benefits, an accurate grasp of legal limits, protect the enthusiasm of entrepreneurs and practitioners in innovation and entrepreneurship, enhancingexpectations and confidence. To promote strict enforcement. Strengthening law enforcement procedures, improve law enforcement performance evaluation, strengthening the supervision of law enforcement, exploration and practice of risk control mechanism of law enforcement to further standardize the social security, urban management, road traffic administrative law enforcement, effectively free, extensive law-enforcement and lax enforcement of law enforcement and other issues. o uphold justice. Justice is the last line of Defense to safeguard fairness and justice, to unequivocally support the courts and procuratorates independently exercise level ... Judicial activities were rampant, must not be allowed to run, favors, money, must not be allowed to knowingly violate the miscarriage, violations of the legitimate rights and interests of the masses must not be allowed to abuse of power, to make forest mass can be felt in every judicial cases in equity and justice. Four to deepen grass-roots governance according to law挥，把恶的、丑的方面渐渐压服淘汰下去。这种功夫做得一分，便是人类一分的进步。”黑格尔曾指出：“审美带有令人解放的性质。”这些观点和概念都说明，美育是一种情感教育，要消除现代社会带给人类的这些负面影响，最好的方式和途径就是审美教育和情感教育。
音乐作为一种情感表达和情感力量的艺术形式，有着巨大的美感能量。因此，音乐教育就本质上来说就是情感和审美教育。另一方面，音乐教育的情感性和审美性是独特的，是其他艺术形式所不可替代的，它是美育的重要组成部分。因此，音乐课程是造就完美人格的基本方式和最佳途径。
3、是面向全体学生的必修课程。
我国的音乐教育一般分为普通音乐教育和专业音乐教育，普通高中音乐教育是一种基础音乐教育。它是一种音乐文化教育，根本目的是提高学生的音乐文化素质，不论学生是否具有天赋与特长，都应有接受音乐教育的权利和义务，面向全体学生是高中音乐教育的重要课程观。相对于其他形式的音乐教育，普通高中音乐教育有着明显的基础性，目的是培养学生的音乐兴趣，形成热爱音乐的情感意向以及基本的音乐能力和审美能力。同时，也为爱好音乐的学生通过选修的途径提供一个进一步发展的平台，为在音乐方面的持续发展奠定基础。
二、普通高中课程与义务教育阶段的区别
普通高中音乐课程是义务教育阶段的延续，是与义务教育阶段音乐或艺术课程的重要衔接。两者课程性质都是属于基础音乐教育，但两者有层次上的区别，主要体现在学习内容的程度、水平以及学习方式上。从内容上比较，普通高中有着更高程度与水平的音乐学习，课程目标相对提高；从学习方式来看上，普通高中更体现自主性、灵活性，是一种选择性学习。
第三节 高中音乐课程的理念
高中音乐课程的基本理念是：“1、以音乐审美为核心，培养兴趣爱好。2、面向全体学生，注重个性发展。3、重视音乐实践，增强创造意识。4、弘扬民族音乐，理解多元文化。”
一、确立“以音乐审美为核心”的依据
第一，“以音乐审美为核心”是贯彻和推进关于素质教育的需要。世纪之交，中共中央国务院颁布的《关于深化教育改革全面推进素质教育的决定》把美育正式列入教育方针，从而明确了美育在学校教育中的地位。极大地提高音乐教育实施美育的主动性、自觉性，有利于音乐教育真正地实现以审美为核心。
第二， “以音乐审美为核心”是音乐课程的自身学科特点所决定的。罗丹说“艺术就
rass-roots governance according to law is an important foundation for promoting the construction of rule of law, but also the most basic development environment. Despite my good social order in General, but there are law-abiding consciousness, social order is not standard, regardless of faith, Twining visit visit and other outstanding problems. We want to actively promote the field of multi-level governance according to law, promote the continuous improvement of the social environment. To promote universal compliance. Actively foster the rule of law culture, carry out law publicity and education on honesty and trustworthiness, guide the masses and consciously abide by the law, failing to find method, problem-solving method, method of gradually changing the world, he is not looking for but someone %ules\ll law law, abide by the good atmosphere. To strengthen the comprehensive management of public security. Deepening peace xingan construction, stronglagainst violence crime, mafia and serious criminal offences, to protect the legitimate rights and interests of citizens, legal persons, carry out criminal policy of temper justice with mercy, the maximum stimulating social vitality, and earnestly safeguard social harmony and stability. To resolve social conflicts by law. To further smooth channels of reporting social conditions and public opinion, improving regulation, arbitration, as well as dispute resolution mechanisms, implement fully the petitioners ' cases \d-party\nd supervising system of letters and calls, and to resolve the involved law lawsuit into the orbit of rule of law, vexatious, Twining visit visit, disturbing social order and other malicious extortion, resolutely crack down. Five, improving cadres Vitale, provide strong protection for forest development XI General Secretary stressed that the comprehensive revitalization in Northeast China, needs a high quality, solid style, cadres of the dare to play. Cadre cadres is a pledge, should want to do work and able to do good, enthusiasm is paramount. Treat party cadres, it is necessary to Strict management, and warm care, enable the broad masses of cadres work hard work, this is two parallel principles. In strict accordance with the standards of good cadres selection and appointment, the real officers, dare officers, those who want to play, good as excellent cadres at all levels of leadership in the past. At present, some leading cadres work initiative is not high, beyond political, idle, lazy governance governance, not as, slow, messy and a phenomenon still exist to varying degrees, affected and restricted economic and social development. We must mobilize the enthusiasm of cadres as an urgent task, adhere to combination of incentives and constraints, and adhere to the strict management and warm care, practical solution \not to\oblem, motivate cadres and better lead the masses to an undertaking, the cadres and create the new achievement in a dare to play, good at shows as new. To identify the problem, accurate pulseelationship between Government and business. The \neral Secretary of \ord succinctly summarized the new relationship between Government and business, as pure politics, reshaping the political relationship specified in the direction. District leaders in handling political and business relations, engage in trading power for money, and finally stumbled, we a lesson, always keep in mind that \ean\cticing \o open a sincere engagement with private enterprise to help solve practical difficulties; \Clear \clarify the Division of power, exercised in accordance with, private entrepreneurs with innocent purity, not abusing power for personal gain, not to engage in trading power for money. Third, in order to maintain fairness and justice. Fairness and justice is the lifeline of the rule of law, is the best development environment. Currently, lax law enforcement and the judicial sector in our region also exist to varying degrees, lawenforcement departments and individual window units power for personal gains and bribes, thick friends, relations, human cases, money cases in which seriously infringe on the legitimate rights and interests of enterprises and people. Especiallysome law enforcement and inspection for profit purposes, deliberately looking for corporate loopholes, found directly under the ticket does not give business improvement opportunities. We recruit a company doesn't easily, cultivating a business more difficult, never for personal gain, systematic harassment, card, last checked to check to get the enterprise collapsed. o guarantee the legitimate rights and interests. Always proceed from the overall situation of reform and development of services, fully consider the characteristics of production and management in non-public enterprises and social benefits, an accurate grasp of legal limits, protect the enthusiasm of entrepreneurs and practitioners in innovation and entrepreneurship, enhancingexpectations and confidence. To promote strict enforcement. Strengthening law enforcement procedures, improve law enforcement performance evaluation, strengthening the supervision of law enforcement, exploration and practice of risk control mechanism of law enforcement to further standardize the social security, urban management, road traffic administrative law enforcement, effectively free, extensive law-enforcement and lax enforcement of law enforcement and other issues. o uphold justice. Justice is the last line of Defense to safeguard fairness and justice, to unequivocally support the courts and procuratorates independently exercise level ... Judicial activities were rampant, must not be allowed to run, favors, money, must not be allowed to knowingly violate the miscarriage, violations of the legitimate rights and interests of the masses must not be allowed to abuse of power, to make forest mass can be felt in every judicial cases in equity and justice. Four to deepen grass-roots governance according to law是情感”。音乐美，就是一种特殊的情感表达方式。高中音乐课程作为实施美育的重要途径，其特点就是情感审美。情与美的这种不解之缘，决定了高中音乐教育的基本方式是以情感人，以美育人。
二、进行音乐审美教育的途径
音乐课程作为审美教育的重要途径，有着与一般学科不同的教学方法，主要体现为：从感性入手，采用体验的方式，以情感人，以美育人，重视教育的潜效应。《普通高中音乐课程标准》中指出：“以音乐审美为核心的基本理念，应贯穿于音乐教学的全过程，在潜移默化中培养学生美好的情操、健全的人格。音乐基本知识和基本技能的学习，应有机渗透在音乐艺术的审美体验之中。音乐教育应该是师生共同感受、鉴别、判断、创造、表现和享受音乐美的过程。” 有情感的教师面对有情感的学生，音乐教育的过程，应是一种自觉的审美体验过程。这个过程应贯穿着所有的审美因素，并以美感的发生为根本内容，只有在长期的、反复的美感发生和发展过程中，音乐教育才会影响学生的情感意向，形成审美情操，从而使人格得以完善。教师在教学过程中，应注意以下几点：
1、音乐教学作为审美教育的首要原则，是把音乐作品永远作为一个统一的整体来体验。 2、音乐教学的重点在于揭示音乐作品的表现力。
3、音乐教学的主要内容应该是揭示音乐要素在音乐表现中的作用。 4、对音乐应该进行描述，而不是解释。
思考与探索：1、交响类作品的课堂设计如何体现整体性？ 2、如何扣住音乐要素进行音乐人审美？ 三、“培养兴趣爱好”的目的
爱因斯坦说过“热爱，是最好的老师。”从心理学的角度来说，兴趣是指一个人对某种事物或从事某种活动所表现出来的积极、热情和肯定的心理倾向。它是推动人们去探求新事物、研究新问题，从而形成一种创新意识与能力的精神力量。
在高中音乐课程中，把培养音乐兴趣置于一个十分突出的位置。《普通高中音乐课程标准》中指出：“兴趣是学习音乐的基本动力，是学生与音乐保持密切联系、感受音乐、用音乐美化和丰富人生的前提。”
我们在教学过程中要关注和重视学生音乐兴趣的培养，发展学生的兴趣与爱好。一方面是音乐学习的重要基础和基本动力，另一方面也是学生在音乐上持续发展，终生热爱和学习音乐的根本保证，使学生从学会音乐到会学音乐，再到为音乐文化的终身学习服务的根本改变。
rass-roots governance according to law is an important foundation for promoting the construction of rule of law, but also the most basic development environment. Despite my good social order in General, but there are law-abiding consciousness, social order is not standard, regardless of faith, Twining visit visit and other outstanding problems. We want to actively promote the field of multi-level governance according to law, promote the continuous improvement of the social environment. o promote universal compliance. Actively foster the rule of law culture, carry out law publicity and education on honesty and trustworthiness, guide the masses and consciously abide by the law, failing to find method, problem-solving method, method of gradually changing the world, he is not looking for but someone \n rules\, formed all law law, abide by the good atmosphere. To strengthen the comprehensive management of public security. Deepening peace xingan construction, stronglyagainst violence crime, mafia and serious criminal offences, to protect the legitimate rights and interests of citizens, legal persons, carry out criminal policy of temper justice with mercy, the maximum stimulating social vitality, and earnestly safeguard social harmony and stability. To resolve social conflicts by law. To further smooth channels of reporting social conditions and public opinion, improving regulation, arbitration, as well as dispute resolution mechanisms, implement fully the petitioners ' cases \d-party\nd supervising system of letters and calls, and to resolve the involved law lawsuit into the orbit of rule of law, vexatious, Twining visit visit, disturbing social order and other malicious extortion, resolutely crack down. Five, improving cadres Vitale, provide strong protection for forest development XI General Secretary stressed that the comprehensive revitalization in Northeast China, needs a high quality, solid style, cadres of the dare to play. Cadre cadres is a pledge, should want to do work and able to do good, enthusiasm is paramount. Treat party cadres, it is necessary to Strict management, and warm care, enable the broad masses of cadres work hard work, this is two parallel principles. In strict accordance with the standards of good cadres selection and appointment, the real officers, dare officers, those who want to play, good as excellent cadres at all levels of leadership in the past. At present, some leading cadres work initiative is not high, beyond political, idle, lazy governance governance, not as, slow, messy and a phenomenon still exist to varying degrees, affected and restricted economic and social development. We must mobilize the enthusiasm of cadres as an urgent task, adhere to combination of incentives and constraints, and adhere to the strict management and warm care, practical solution \not to\oblem, motivate cadres and better lead the masses to an undertaking, the cadres and create the new achievement in a dare to play, good at shows as new. To identify the problem, accurate pulseelationship between Government and business. The \neral Secretary of \ord succinctly summarized the new relationship between Government and business, as pure politics, reshaping the political relationship specified in the direction. District leaders in handling political and business relations, engage in trading power for money, and finally stumbled, we a lesson, always keep in mind that \ean\cticing \o open a sincere engagement with private enterprise to help solve practical difficulties; \Clear \clarify the Division of power, exercised in accordance with, private entrepreneurs with innocent purity, not abusing power for personal gain, not to engage in trading power for money. Third, in order to maintain fairness and justice. Fairness and justice is the lifeline of the rule of law, is the best development environment. Currently, lax law enforcement and the judicial sector in our region also exist to varying degrees, lawenforcement departments and individual window units power for personal gains and bribes, thick friends, relations, human cases, money cases in which seriously infringe on the legitimate rights and interests of enterprises and people. Especially some law enforcement and inspection for profit purposes, deliberately looking for corporate loopholes, found directly under the ticket does not give business improvement opportunities. We recruit a company doesn't easily, cultivating a business more difficult, never for personal gain, systematiharassment, card, last checked to check to get the enterprise collapsed. o guarantee the legitimate rights and interests. Always proceed from the overall situation of reform and development of services, fully consider the characteristics of production and management in non-public enterprises and social benefits, an accurate grasp of legal limits, protect the enthusiasm of entrepreneurs and practitioners in innovation and entrepreneurship, enhancingexpectations and confidence. To promote strict enforcement. Strengthening law enforcement procedures, improve law enforcement performance evaluation, strengthening the supervision of law enforcement, exploration and practice of risk control mechanism of law enforcement to further standardize the social security, urban management, road traffic administrative law enforcement, effectively free, extensive law-enforcement and lax enforcement of law enforcement and other issues. o uphold justice. Justice is the last line of Defense to safeguard fairness and justice, to unequivocally support the courts and procuratorates independently exercise level ... Judicial activities were rampant, must not be allowed to run, favors, money, must not be allowed to knowingly violate the miscarriage, violations of the legitimate rights and interests of the masses must not be allowed to abuse of power, to make forest mass can be felt in every judicial cases in equity and justice. Four to deepen grass-roots governance according to law思考与探索：3、怎样培养高中学生的音乐兴趣？
4、怎样看待和引导高中生中的“超女”热现象？ 四、对普及与提高的理解
高中音乐课程中提出的“面向全体学生，注重个性发展。” “面向全体学生”就是要进行音乐普及教育，这是普通高中的基本任务以及我国高中教育的发展所决定的。
首先，普通高中音乐课程是属于普通音乐教育的范畴，根据《普通高中音乐课程标准》规定，它的基本任务是“提高每个学生的音乐素养，使学生各方面的潜能得到开发，并使他们从中受益。”其次，目前我国基础教育事业飞速发展，许多地区高中教育也已从原来的精英化教育走向了大众化教育。以浙江省为例，1998年浙江省在校高一学生约10万人左右，占同龄人的38%左右，到了2005年，浙江省在校高一学生约30万人左右，占同龄人的90%左右。
因此，在音乐教育中，使每个学生的音乐文化素养得到提高并终生喜爱音乐，是音乐教师的基本责任和义务。音乐教师应立足于全体教育对象的素质培养，而不是面向少数音乐特长生。音乐教育承认“差异”，但拒绝“选择”与“淘汰”。让每一个学生在音乐学习上体验成功，享受快乐，是每一位音乐教师应努力的方向。
个性发展，既是人的发展的需要，也是社会发展的需要。在音乐教育中，注重学生的个性发展更具有特殊的意义。音乐的这种体验性学科是施展学生个性的良好途径。同时高中音乐课程也为“具有音乐特长、对音乐有特殊爱好的学生提供发展个性的可能和空间，满足不同学生的发展需要。”
面向全体，实质是面向有个体差异的学生，是切实关怀每一个学生。要认清每一个学生的优势，开发其潜能，培养其特长，使全体学生都能走上不同层次的成才之路，乃是素质教育所面临的重要使命。
五、“重视音乐实践，增强创造意识”的涵义
首先，新一轮基础教育课程改革，重视学生实践能力的培养。
我国教育在相当长的一段时间里，进行着传统的教学活动，这种教学过程重视认识活动，以知识和课本为中心，把学习的本质视为仅仅是一种认识过程，这样的教育思想显然不够全面。学习是一种以认知内化为基础的实践活动，给学生提供充分的动手机会，让学生参与大量的实践体验，是学生优化学习、有效学习和健康成长的必要条件。在新一轮基础教育课程改革中，特别重视学生实践能力的培养。
其次，音乐教学过程就是艺术实践过程，艺术实践是获得音乐审美体验和音乐知识技能
rass-roots governance according to law is an important foundation for promoting the construction of rule of law, but also the most basic development environment. Despite my good social order in General, but there are law-abiding consciousness, social order is not standard, regardless of faith, Twining visit visit and other outstanding problems. We want to actively promote the field of multi-level governance according to law, promote the continuous improvement of the social environment. To promote universal compliance. Actively foster the rule of law culture, carry out law publicity and education on honesty and trustworthiness, guide the masses and consciously abide by the law, failing to find method, problem-solving method, method of gradually changing the world, he is not looking for but someone %ules\ll law law, abide by the good atmosphere. To strengthen the comprehensive management of public security. Deepening peace xingan construction, stronglagainst violence crime, mafia and serious criminal offences, to protect the legitimate rights and interests of citizens, legal persons, carry out criminal policy of temper justice with mercy, the maximum stimulating social vitality, and earnestly safeguard social harmony and stability. To resolve social conflicts by law. To further smooth channels of reporting social conditions and public opinion, improving regulation, arbitration, as well as dispute resolution mechanisms, implement fully the petitioners ' cases \d-party\nd supervising system of letters and calls, and to resolve the involved law lawsuit into the orbit of rule of law, vexatious, Twining visit visit, disturbing social order and other malicious extortion, resolutely crack down. Five, improving cadres Vitale, provide strong protection for forest development XI General Secretary stressed that the comprehensive revitalization in Northeast China, needs a high quality, solid style, cadres of the dare to play. Cadre cadres is a pledge, should want to do work and able to do good, enthusiasm is paramount. Treat party cadres, it is necessary to Strict management, and warm care, enable the broad masses of cadres work hard work, this is two parallel principles. In strict accordance with the standards of good cadres selection and appointment, the real officers, dare officers, those who want to play, good as excellent cadres at all levels of leadership in the past. At present, some leading cadres work initiative is not high, beyond political, idle, lazy governance governance, not as, slow, messy and a phenomenon still exist to varying degrees, affected and restricted economic and social development. We must mobilize the enthusiasm of cadres as an urgent task, adhere to combination of incentives and constraints, and adhere to the strict management and warm care, practical solution \not to\oblem, motivate cadres and better lead the masses to an undertaking, the cadres and create the new achievement in a dare to play, good at shows as new. To identify the problem, accurate pulseelationship between Government and business. The \neral Secretary of \ord succinctly summarized the new relationship between Government and business, as pure politics, reshaping the political relationship specified in the direction. District leaders in handling political and business relations, engage in trading power for money, and finally stumbled, we a lesson, always keep in mind that \ean\cticing \o open a sincere engagement with private enterprise to help solve practical difficulties; \Clear \clarify the Division of power, exercised in accordance with, private entrepreneurs with innocent purity, not abusing power for personal gain, not to engage in trading power for money. Third, in order to maintain fairness and justice. Fairness and justice is the lifeline of the rule of law, is the best development environment. Currently, lax law enforcement and the judicial sector in our region also exist to varying degrees, lawenforcement departments and individual window units power for personal gains and bribes, thick friends, relations, human cases, money cases in which seriously infringe on the legitimate rights and interests of enterprises and people. Especiallysome law enforcement and inspection for profit purposes, deliberately looking for corporate loopholes, found directly under the ticket does not give business improvement opportunities. We recruit a company doesn't easily, cultivating a business more difficult, never for personal gain, systematic harassment, card, last checked to check to get the enterprise collapsed. o guarantee the legitimate rights and interests. Always proceed from the overall situation of reform and development of services, fully consider the characteristics of production and management in non-public enterprises and social benefits, an accurate grasp of legal limits, protect the enthusiasm of entrepreneurs and practitioners in innovation and entrepreneurship, enhancingexpectations and confidence. To promote strict enforcement. Strengthening law enforcement procedures, improve law enforcement performance evaluation, strengthening the supervision of law enforcement, exploration and practice of risk control mechanism of law enforcement to further standardize the social security, urban management, road traffic administrative law enforcement, effectively free, extensive law-enforcement and lax enforcement of law enforcement and other issues. o uphold justice. Justice is the last line of Defense to safeguard fairness and justice, to unequivocally support the courts and procuratorates independently exercise level ... Judicial activities were rampant, must not be allowed to run, favors, money, must not be allowed to knowingly violate the miscarriage, violations of the legitimate rights and interests of the masses must not be allowed to abuse of power, to make forest mass can be felt in every judicial cases in equity and justice. Four to deepen grass-roots governance according to law的基本途径。
《普通高中音乐课程标准》中指出：“音乐课的教学过程就是音乐的艺术实践过程。因此，在所有的音乐教学活动中，都应重视艺术实践，将其作为学生获得音乐审美体验和学习音乐知识与技能的基本途径。”音乐是一门实践性和操作性很强的学科，尤其在表现领域更体现了这一特点，歌唱、演奏、创作、音乐与舞蹈、音乐与戏剧表演都离不开实践与操作。即使在“音乐鉴赏”模块，同样也应注意结合音乐作品实际来设计生动的音乐实践活动，引导学生对音乐的感觉与反映。例如：学生对音乐进行描述；运用动作表现音乐；内心的音乐体验；唱音乐主题；为音乐配节奏等等。
教育创新，是针对我国传统的、陈旧的教育观念和教育方式的弊端提出来的。音乐的非语义性、不确定性决定了没有标准答案，音乐创作的目的在于开发学生的创造性潜质。我们在过去的教学中，经常容易犯的错误就是要把音乐标准答案化，对音乐常常进行不恰当的解说，违反了音乐的非语义和不确定性的基本特征。
思考与探索：5、如何设计出在有限的时间内让更多的学生积极主动参与的欣赏实践活动?
六、在高中音乐课程中体现 “弘扬民族音乐，理解多元文化”的意义
“加强对话，增进了解，资源共享，共同发展”成为当今世界和平与发展的鲜明主题。人们对各民族赖以生存的文化的尊重与理解，是人类交流与沟通的基础。音乐是一种文化之一，也是最能反映各个不同民族特点并且可以直接感受与交流的世界文化现象。马克思说“音乐是人类的第二语言，”它即能反映各个民族的特点，又可以直接感受与交流。因此，《普通高中音乐课程标准》中指出： “世界的和平与发展有赖于对不同民族文化的理解与尊重，在强调弘扬民族音乐的同时，还应以开阔的视野，体验、学习、理解和尊重世界其他国家和民族的音乐文化，通过音乐教学，使学生树立平等的多元文化价值观，珍视人类文化遗产，以利于我们共享人类文明的一切优秀成果。”
《普通高中音乐课程标准》中在理解多元文化的同时指出：“应将我国各民族优秀的传统音乐和反映近现代与当代中国社会生活的优秀音乐作品作为重要的教学内容，使学生了解和热爱祖国的音乐文化，增强民族意识，培养爱国主义情感。”任何文化都是属于民族的，本民族音乐文化是音乐文化中的“母语”，“弘扬民族音乐”与“理解多元文化”是辨证的统一关系。
思考与探索：6、在通俗音乐充斥媒体的今天，怎样进行“戏曲音乐”单元的教学？ 7、在 “亚非拉民间音乐” 单元的教学中，怎样引导学生对非洲音乐文化的理解？
rass-roots governance according to law is an important foundation for promoting the construction of rule of law, but also the most basic development environment. Despite my good social order in General, but there are law-abiding consciousness, social order is not standard, regardless of faith, Twining visit visit and other outstanding problems. We want to actively promote the field of multi-level governance according to law, promote the continuous improvement of the social environment. o promote universal compliance. Actively foster the rule of law culture, carry out law publicity and education on honesty and trustworthiness, guide the masses and consciously abide by the law, failing to find method, problem-solving method, method of gradually changing the world, he is not looking for but someone \n rules\, formed all law law, abide by the good atmosphere. To strengthen the comprehensive management of public security. Deepening peace xingan construction, stronglyagainst violence crime, mafia and serious criminal offences, to protect the legitimate rights and interests of citizens, legal persons, carry out criminal policy of temper justice with mercy, the maximum stimulating social vitality, and earnestly safeguard social harmony and stability. To resolve social conflicts by law. To further smooth channels of reporting social conditions and public opinion, improving regulation, arbitration, as well as dispute resolution mechanisms, implement fully the petitioners ' cases \d-party\nd supervising system of letters and calls, and to resolve the involved law lawsuit into the orbit of rule of law, vexatious, Twining visit visit, disturbing social order and other malicious extortion, resolutely crack down. Five, improving cadres Vitale, provide strong protection for forest development XI General Secretary stressed that the comprehensive revitalization in Northeast China, needs a high quality, solid style, cadres of the dare to play. Cadre cadres is a pledge, should want to do work and able to do good, enthusiasm is paramount. Treat party cadres, it is necessary to Strict management, and warm care, enable the broad masses of cadres work hard work, this is two parallel principles. In strict accordance with the standards of good cadres selection and appointment, the real officers, dare officers, those who want to play, good as excellent cadres at all levels of leadership in the past. At present, some leading cadres work initiative is not high, beyond political, idle, lazy governance governance, not as, slow, messy and a phenomenon still exist to varying degrees, affected and restricted economic and social development. We must mobilize the enthusiasm of cadres as an urgent task, adhere to combination of incentives and constraints, and adhere to the strict management and warm care, practical solution \not to\oblem, motivate cadres and better lead the masses to an undertaking, the cadres and create the new achievement in a dare to play, good at shows as new. To identify the problem, accurate pulseelationship between Government and business. The \neral Secretary of \ord succinctly summarized the new relationship between Government and business, as pure politics, reshaping the political relationship specified in the direction. District leaders in handling political and business relations, engage in trading power for money, and finally stumbled, we a lesson, always keep in mind that \ean\cticing \o open a sincere engagement with private enterprise to help solve practical difficulties; \Clear \clarify the Division of power, exercised in accordance with, private entrepreneurs with innocent purity, not abusing power for personal gain, not to engage in trading power for money. Third, in order to maintain fairness and justice. Fairness and justice is the lifeline of the rule of law, is the best development environment. Currently, lax law enforcement and the judicial sector in our region also exist to varying degrees, lawenforcement departments and individual window units power for personal gains and bribes, thick friends, relations, human cases, money cases in which seriously infringe on the legitimate rights and interests of enterprises and people. Especially some law enforcement and inspection for profit purposes, deliberately looking for corporate loopholes, found directly under the ticket does not give business improvement opportunities. We recruit a company doesn't easily, cultivating a business more difficult, never for personal gain, systematiharassment, card, last checked to check to get the enterprise collapsed. o guarantee the legitimate rights and interests. Always proceed from the overall situation of reform and development of services, fully consider the characteristics of production and management in non-public enterprises and social benefits, an accurate grasp of legal limits, protect the enthusiasm of entrepreneurs and practitioners in innovation and entrepreneurship, enhancingexpectations and confidence. To promote strict enforcement. Strengthening law enforcement procedures, improve law enforcement performance evaluation, strengthening the supervision of law enforcement, exploration and practice of risk control mechanism of law enforcement to further standardize the social security, urban management, road traffic administrative law enforcement, effectively free, extensive law-enforcement and lax enforcement of law enforcement and other issues. o uphold justice. Justice is the last line of Defense to safeguard fairness and justice, to unequivocally support the courts and procuratorates independently exercise level ... Judicial activities were rampant, must not be allowed to run, favors, money, must not be allowed to knowingly violate the miscarriage, violations of the legitimate rights and interests of the masses must not be allowed to abuse of power, to make forest mass can be felt in every judicial cases in equity and justice. Four to deepen grass-roots governance according to law
第四节 高中音乐课程目标
一、课程目标的表述方式
传统的教育观念，经常把课程视为知识、学科。以知识为中心、知识标准化、知识统一化痕迹明显，这些观念支配着课程构建、设计与实施。在新的一轮基础教育课程改革中，课程目标由单向方式走向多元、综合与均衡。教育部新近颁布的《基础教育改革纲要》指出：“强调形成积极主动的学习态度，使获得基础知识与基本技能的过程同时成为学会学习和形成正确价值观的过程。”它对学生的全面发展给以新的阐述和定位。因此新的高中音乐课程中课程目标是从“情感、态度与价值观，过程与方法，知识与技能”三个维度来进行表述的，体现了“以人为本”理念。强调学生是课程的核心，同时也突出了课程的整合。
二、“情感、态度与价值观”
传统的教育观过分强调人的智力因素在学习和成长过程中作用，而忽略了个人情感、态度及价值观在人的成长经历中的地位。心理学研究表明：人的成功，20%依赖于智力因素，而80%依赖于非智力因素。智力因素既智商（IQ），非智力因素有很多，其中关键的是情绪智力因素（EQ），情绪智力因素也称情商，主要表现在自我意识、自我激励、情绪控制、人际关系、挫折承受力等方面。
新的课程观将情感、意志因素提高到一个新的高度来理解，是课程目标中重要的价值取向。1、情感，不仅仅体现为学习兴趣、学习爱好和学习热情，更体现为情感本身的体验与内心世界的丰富；2、态度，在表现学习追求、学习责任的同时，更表现在对生活的乐趣、进取、向上的态度；3、价值观，既反映了个人价值方向，同时更反映个人价值与社会价值、自然价值的统一等等。
每门学科都包含了“情感、态度、价值观”，但内涵是不同的，音乐学科的情感体验是十分鲜明的，音乐教育的本质是审美，决定了把“情感、态度与价值观”目标放在首位。
三、“过程与方法”
《普通高中音乐课程标准》中把“过程与方法”作为三维目标之一，体现的就是其教育价值。传统的教学过程经常是只重结果而轻视过程，十分不利于学生的可持续发展。对于音乐学科来说，过程与方法更是重要，因为音乐教育是审美教育、是情感教育，必须是在长期的、反复的情感体验过程中完成的，具有教育的潜效应。
《普通高中音乐课程标准》中把“过程与方法”细化为四个具体目标：体验、比较、探
rass-roots governance according to law is an important foundation for promoting the construction of rule of law, but also the most basic development environment. Despite my good social order in General, but there are law-abiding consciousness, social order is not standard, regardless of faith, Twining visit visit and other outstanding problems. We want to actively promote the field of multi-level governance according to law, promote the continuous improvement of the social environment. To promote universal compliance. Actively foster the rule of law culture, carry out law publicity and education on honesty and trustworthiness, guide the masses and consciously abide by the law, failing to find method, problem-solving method, method of gradually changing the world, he is not looking for but someone %ules\ll law law, abide by the good atmosphere. To strengthen the comprehensive management of public security. Deepening peace xingan construction, stronglagainst violence crime, mafia and serious criminal offences, to protect the legitimate rights and interests of citizens, legal persons, carry out criminal policy of temper justice with mercy, the maximum stimulating social vitality, and earnestly safeguard social harmony and stability. To resolve social conflicts by law. To further smooth channels of reporting social conditions and public opinion, improving regulation, arbitration, as well as dispute resolution mechanisms, implement fully the petitioners ' cases \d-party\nd supervising system of letters and calls, and to resolve the involved law lawsuit into the orbit of rule of law, vexatious, Twining visit visit, disturbing social order and other malicious extortion, resolutely crack down. Five, improving cadres Vitale, provide strong protection for forest development XI General Secretary stressed that the comprehensive revitalization in Northeast China, needs a high quality, solid style, cadres of the dare to play. Cadre cadres is a pledge, should want to do work and able to do good, enthusiasm is paramount. Treat party cadres, it is necessary to Strict management, and warm care, enable the broad masses of cadres work hard work, this is two parallel principles. In strict accordance with the standards of good cadres selection and appointment, the real officers, dare officers, those who want to play, good as excellent cadres at all levels of leadership in the past. At present, some leading cadres work initiative is not high, beyond political, idle, lazy governance governance, not as, slow, messy and a phenomenon still exist to varying degrees, affected and restricted economic and social development. We must mobilize the enthusiasm of cadres as an urgent task, adhere to combination of incentives and constraints, and adhere to the strict management and warm care, practical solution \not to\oblem, motivate cadres and better lead the masses to an undertaking, the cadres and create the new achievement in a dare to play, good at shows as new. To identify the problem, accurate pulse
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