最新考研英语阅读理解模拟试题及答案解析五

考研英语阅读理解模拟试题及答案解析五

Since the dawn ofhuman ingenuity, people have devised ever more cunning tools to cope with workthat is dangerous, boring, burdensome, or just plain nasty. That compulsion hasresulted in robotics—the science of conferring various human capabilities on machines.And if scientists have yet to create the mechanical version of science fiction,they have begun to come close。

As a result, the modern world is increasingly populated byintelligent gizmos whose presence we barely notice but whose universalexistence has removed much human labor. Our factories hum to the rhythm ofrobot assembly arms. Our banking is done at automated teller terminals thatthank us with mechanical politeness for the transaction. Our subway trains arecontrolled by tireless robot-drivers. And thanks to the continualminiaturization of electronics and micro-mechanics, there are already robotsystems that can perform some kinds of brain and bone surgery withsubmillimeter accuracy—far greater precision than highly skilled physicians can achievewith their hands alone。

But if robots are to reach the next stage of laborsaving utility,they will have to operate with less human supervision and be able to make atleast a few decisions for themselves—goals that pose areal challenge. “While we know how to tell a robot to handle a specific error,” says DaveLavery, manager of a robotics program at NASA, “we can’t yet give arobot

enough ‘common sense’ to reliably interact with a dynamic world。” Indeed the quest for true artificial intelligence has produced verymixed results. Despite a spell of initial optimism in the 1960s and 1970s whenit appeared that transistor circuits and microprocessors might be able to copythe action of the human brain by the year , researchers lately have begunto extend that forecast by decades if not centuries。 What they found, in attempting to model thought, is that the humanbrain’s roughly one hundred billion nerve cells are much more talented—and humanperception far more complicated—than previously imagined. They have built robots that can recognizethe error of a machine panel by a fraction of a millimeter in a controlledfactory environment. But the human mind can glimpse a rapidly changing sceneand immediately

disregard

the

98

percent

that

is

irrelevant,

instantaneouslyfocusing on the monkey at the side of a winding forest road or the singlesuspicious face in a big crowd. The most advanced computer systems on Earthcan’t approach that kind of ability, and neuroscientists still don’t know quitehow we do it。 1. Human ingenuity was initially demonstrated in [A]the use of machines to produce science fiction。 [B]the wide use of machines in manufacturing industry。 [C]the invention of tools for difficult and dangerous work. [D]the elite’s cunning tackling of dangerous and boring work.

2. The word “gizmos” (line 1, paragraph 2) most probably means [A]programs. [B]experts. [C]devices. [D]creatures。

3. According to the text, what is beyond man’s ability now is todesign a robot that can

[A]fulfill delicate tasks like performing brain surgery。 [B]interact with human beings verbally。 [C]have a little common sense。

[D]respond independently to a changing world。 4. Besides reducing human labor, robots can also [A]make a few decisions for themselves。 [B]deal with some errors with human intervention。 [C]improve factory environments。 [D]cultivate human creativity。

5. The author uses the example of a monkey to argue that robotsare [A]expected to copy human brain in internal structure。 [B]able to perceive abnormalities immediately。

[C]far less able than human brain in focusing on relevantinformation。 [D]best used in a controlled environment。 名师解析

1. Human ingenuity was initially demonstrated in 人类的创造性最初表现在

[A]the use of machines to produce science fiction. 用机器来创作科幻小说。

[B]the wide use of machines in manufacturing industry. 制造业对机器的广泛使用。

[C]the invention of tools for difficult and dangerous work。 发明工具以处理困难和危险的工作。

[D]the elite’s cunning tackling of dangerous and boring work。 精英人士对危险和枯燥的工作的巧妙的处理。 【答案】 C

【考点】 事实细节题。

【分析】 通过“Humaningenuity”和“initially”可以定位到第一段开始。“从人类产生智慧初期至今，人们一直在设计越来越巧妙的工具来应付那些危险的、枯燥的、繁重的或者直接就是肮脏的工作。”由于讲的是人类最初的创造力，因此可以排除[A]、[B]、[D]。 2. The word “gizmos” (Line 1, Paragraph 2) most probably means 单词“gizmos”(第二段第一行)最有可能的意思是 [A]programs. 程序。 [B]experts. 专家。 [C]devices. 设备。 [D]creatures. 生物。

【答案】 C 【考点】 词义题。

【分析】 本题虽然考查的是词义，但是显然不是希望考生通过储备更大的词汇来回答，而是希望考生能够利用文中出现的细节来推断这个单词的意思。第二段第一句的意思说“由此引起的结果是，现代世界已经充斥着越来越多的智能____，尽管我们几乎都注意不到它们，但它们的普遍存在却节省了许多人类劳力。”然后作者提及到了“工厂机械手”、“自动柜员机”以及“机器人驾驶员”等等。由此我们可以认定这些设施都是对“gizmo”的例举和解释。而这几样东西具有一个共同的特征，即它们都是“工具”。相比四个选项，只有[C]最合适。 3. According to the text, what is beyond man’s ability now is todesign a robot that can

根据本文，现在超越人类能力范围的是设计一种能________的机器人。

[A] fulfill delicate tasks like performing brain surgery。 完成诸如脑手术这样的精细的工作。 [B] interact with human beings verbally。 与人类进行口头交流。 [C] have a little common sense。 有一些常识。

[D] respond independently to a changing world。 对一个变化的世界独立应付。