《美国FDA认证与申办指南》
权威资讯系列
《合成原料药DMF起草大纲》
使用说明：
1、 本大纲是为了帮助我公司客户把握DMF的整体内容而准备
的，由于DMF内容繁多，从整体上了解内容框架和组成部分，对于理解FDA对DMF的要求和意图非常有必要； 2、
根据FDA的要求，凡是本大纲提到的内容，原料药制造商均
应该提供。因此，客户务必依照规定提供尽可能详细的内容。 3、
本大纲的内容和相关要求能够确保客户目前的运作达到FDA
的cGMP标准，因此，准备DMF的过程，也使客户按照FDA的要求进行整改和提高的过程，这些都为FDA未来的现场检查打下良好基础；
4、凡是本大纲中提到的非技术性具体内容要求，请参照本公司专有的与此大纲配套的相关DFM指导性文件，包括《FDA药物主文件指南》、《关于在药品递交中递交的有关原料药生产的支持文件的指南》、《药物申办中质量管理方面通用技术文件格式与内容要求》； 5、凡是本大纲中提到的技术性具体内容要求，如杂质、稳定性、验证等具体技术要求，请参照本公司专有的FDA相关技术标准文件，包括《原料药认证指南》、《制剂认证指南》、《化学药物稳定性指南》、《化学药物杂质指南》、《化学药物化验与合格参数指南》、《化学药物验证指南》等；
《合成原料药DMF起草大纲》
一、公司和生产场地的基本描述
1、第一类的DMF文件建议由位于美国之外的人提供，以帮助FDA对他们的生产设施进行现场检查。DMF文件应描述生产场地、设备能力、生产流程图等。A Type I DMF is recommended for a person outside of the United States to assist FDA in conducting on site inspections of their manufacturing facilities. The DMF should describe the manufacturing site, equipment capabilities, and operational layout.
2、第一类的DMF文件对美国国内设施通常不需要，除非该设施没有登记并定期接受检查。A Type I DMF is normally not needed to describe domestic facilities, except in special cases, such as when a person is not registered and not routinely inspected.
3、场地的描述应包括面积、实际地址以及表明该场地与最近的城市的距离的地图。提供该场地的鸟瞰图和平面图。The description of the site should include acreage, actual site address, and a map showing its location with respect to the nearest city. An aerial photograph and a diagram of the site may be helpful.
4、主要生产和加工区域的平面图对于理解整个生产布局会有帮助。应当描述主要设备的生产能力、用途和位置。 通常不用描述设备的制造商和型号，除非特别新或独特的设备。A diagram of major production and processing areas is helpful for understanding the operational layout. Major equipment should be described in terms of capabilities, application, and location. Make and model would not normally be needed unless the equipment is new or unique.
5、公司主要的组成部门结构图， 包括总公司和生产场地的关键生产、质量控制、质量保证岗位，A diagram of major corporate organizational elements, with key manufacturing, quality control, and quality assurance positions highlighted, at both the manufacturing site and corporate headquarters, is also helpful.
二、原料药的物理和化学特征
1、特性 Properties
相关法规要求对原料药的物理和化学特征做出详细描述。该要求可以通过提供下述信息来满足： 名称（通用名、化学名、编码等）、化学摘要服务(CAS)编码、性状描述（如：外观、颜色、物理状态）、分子式和分子重量、结构式（包括离子状态）、立体化学（找出手性中心、顺式反式异性等）、对映结构体比率（如：外消旋物、规定的异构体、对映异构物和固态形式的混合物）、溶解度概况（水溶性的或非水溶性的）、分配系数、溶液pH值、解离常数、熔点或沸点、折射率、比重。对于蛋白质原料药，参见：“CRC生物化学和分子生物学手册” “酶学方法”和有关描述蛋白质特性的专论。The regulations require a full description of the physical and chemical characteristics of the drug substance. This requirement may be satisfied by the submission of information such as the following: name (generic name, chemical name, code number); Chemical Abstracts Service (CAS) number if available; description (e.g., appearance, color, physical state); molecular formula and molecular weight; structural formula (including ionic state if applicable); stereochemistry (identifying chiral centers, cis-trans isomerism, etc.); enantiomer or solid-state form ratios (e.g., for racemates, and for defined admixtures of isomers or enantiomers or solid-state forms); solubility profile (aqueous and nonaqueous as applicable); partition coefficients; solution pH; dissociation constant(s); melting or boiling point; refractive index; specific gravity. For drug substances that are proteins, see the \Enzymology,\and related monographs for how protein properties may be described.
并非所有的递交都要求上述信息，额外的信息也可能需要，特别是随着生产工艺的复杂性的增加。The items above are not necessary or appropriate for all submissions. Additional information may be required, particularly as the state of the art progresses.
2、结构 Structure
对于结构的说明（如：相关数据和其解释）应当基于一个合适的物理和化学检测结果。这包括以下内容：元素分析；质谱分析(MS)；核磁共振(NMR)；紫外(UV)和红外(IR)光谱学；分子量测定；立体化学和构象分析（如：光学和几何学异构体）；X光分析；降解分析（如：氨基酸排序和分析）；色析图谱；其它检验（如：功能团分析，衍生作用，络合形式等）
The elucidation of structure (e.g., the data and its interpretation) should be based on appropriate physical and chemical test results. These may include the following: elemental analysis; mass spectrometry (MS); nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), ultraviolet (UV), and infrared (IR) spectroscopy; molecular
weight determination; stereochemistry and configurational or conformational analysis (e.g., optical and geometric isomers); X-ray analysis; degradative analysis (e.g., amino acid sequencing and/or analysis); chromatographic profile; other tests (e.g., functional group analysis, derivatization, complex formation).
同样，并非所有以上条目都是必须的或适用于所有情况，所列条目也不是完全的（工艺过程更加复杂和新原料药需要时，也许需要做出更多的分析）。实际数据及其解释的细节应当放在“参考标准”章节（参见II.F.2, 和 3）。Again, not all items are necessary or appropriate in all cases, and the listing should not be considered limiting (i.e., more analysis may be required as the state of the art progresses and the nature of the new drug substance demands). The actual data and the details of its interpretation should be placed in the section for Reference Standard (see II.F.2, and 3.).
三、原料药的稳定性
相关法规要求对原料药的稳定性做全面的描述。具体要求，参见“关于提交人类用药品和生物制品稳定性文件的指南”。The regulations require a full description of the stability of the drug substance. See the \for Submitting Documentation for the Stability of Human Drugs and Biologics\assistance in fulfilling this requirement.
四、原料药的生产
1、起始材料的控制程序 Control procedures for starting materials
应当列出起始原料。应该提供其承诺的标准和用来判定其特性、质量和纯度的检验方法。分析检验方法应当简要描述。起始原料的来源通常无需说明，但有时会要。Starting materials should be listed. Acceptance specifications and tests defining identity, quality, and purity should be provided. The analytical test methods should be briefly described. The source of the starting material need not be identified, but may be requested.
对起始材料应该进行鉴别和含量测定分析。在某些情况下，当杂质（如芳香化合物的异构体）被混入原料药时，应提供纯度档案（如包括杂质的定量与定性色谱图）。通过定期与不定期的核查与验证来评估原料供应商提供的产品质量是稳定的，供应商提供的质量保障声明应该包括相关的规格和结果,并应该注明用于检测的分析方法。A specific identity test should be performed, as well as an assay, with limits for impurities. In those cases where impurities (e.g., positional isomers of aromatic compounds) could be carried through to the drug substance, a purity pro be provided (e.g., chromatography with
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