[英语]北师大版 语法·剖析·活用(Unit 16 Stories)

北师大版选修六语法总结

过去完成时 概念 用于间接引语 用于宾语从句中 用于复合句中中 过去完成时表示在过去某个时间以前发生的动作或存在的状态。 在间接引语的谓语动词said , told , asked ,后面的从句中，常常用过去完成时态，表示在谈话或产生想法之前已经发生的动作。 He was the violinist that I had met once before. He said that he had witnessed the earthquake in 1976. 过去完成时态常常用于thought, wondered, guessed, When he came back, he found found, realized等词的宾语从句中，表示在过去的某that great change had taken place in Pompeii. 个心里活动之前的动作。 过去完成时态常常用于含有 when , before , after , When I woke up, the volcano had until , hardly… when…,no sooner …than…等连词的already stopped giving out ashes. 复合句中，主句谓语和从句谓语表示过去的动作，但是，发生的时间不同，先发生的动作通常用过去完成时表示。 过去完成时常与by the end of last week（month，By the end of , thirty volcanoes year．．．），by the last week（month．．．）等词连用。had erupted in the Pacific Ocean. 表示截止到某个时间为止，已经发生的动作。 一般过去时表示在过去某个时间点或时间段发生的动作或存在的状态。常常与at, when, before, after连用。 过去完成时表示的动作或存在的状态是在过去某一时间以前发生的，即“过去的过去”。 其构成是had +过去分词构成。 -------|--------------------|--------------------> 过去完成时 一般过去时 现在 表示过去的连续动作时，常用and和but等连词表示动作发生的先后顺序，通常用一般过去时，而不用过去完成时。 Helen Keller came across the flowing water. 用于含有by＋时间点的句子中 一般过去时与过去完成时的区别 Anne realized Helen had felt the water flowing. 注意事项 He bought a videophone but soon it didn’t work. 【活学巧用】

Ⅰ.把下列直接引语变为间接引语 1. Mr. Smith said to me, “ I have finished cleaning the abandoned house.”

2. “ I have known the volcano very well,” said the scientist.

3.“I've bought a new harp,” she said to me.

4. “Have you watered your violet, Tim?” the mother asked.

5.“Her words puzzled me very much because I didn’t then understand anything ,”said Helen.

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Ⅱ.完成句子

1. Marx wrote back telling Engels that .(极大地鼓励了他)

2. We first got to know each other at a Christmas party. But we . (在这之前，见面好几次)

3. By the end of last year, another new gymnasium . (已经完工了)

4. The news came as no surprise to me. I (已经知道一些时间了) that the factory was going to shut down.

5. I arrived late; I (没有预料到) the road to be so icy. Ⅰ.

1.He told me that he had finished cleaning the abandoned house. 2.The scientist said that he had known the volcano very well. 3.She told me that she had bought a new harp.

4.The mother asked Tim whether he had watered his violet.

5.Helen said her words had puzzled her very much because she hadn’t then understand anything. Ⅱ.

1.his praise had greatly encouraged him.

2.had seen each other a couple of times before that. 3.had been completed in Beijing. 4.had known for some time

5.hadn't expected 单项填空

1.(全国卷I,27)Mike didn't play football yesterday because he had ____ his leg. A.damaged B.hurt C.hit D.struck

2. (全国III,12) John, a friend of mine, who got married only last week, spent $3,000 more than

he _______ for the wedding.

A. will plan B. has planned C. would plan D. had planned

3. (天津,3)----Did Linda see the traffic accident? ----No, no sooner than it happened. A. had she gone B. she had gone C. has she gone D. she has gone

4.(湖南24) I was giving a talk to a large group of people, the same talk I ____to half a dozen other groups.

A. was giving B. am giving C. had given D. have given

5. (北京，24) He _____ more than 5,000 English words when he entered the university at the age of 15.

A. has learned B. would have learned C. learned D. had learned 6. (福建, 28) Father ______ for London on business upon my arrival, so I didn't see him. A. has left B. left C. was leaving D. had left

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have sth. done 意为使（让、请）别人做某事。其中have是使役动词，意为“使、让”, 而不是“有”的意思，后接宾语sth., 过去分词done作宾语补足语,表示动作是别人做的，不是由句子的主语完成的,有意识地让别人替自己做事, sth. 与过去分词表示的动作之间是被动关系。 He has had his hair cut. 他请人给他理发了。 The princess is going to have her new clothes made by a young tailor. 公主打算要一个轻的裁缝给她做一套新衣服。 表示遭遇到不幸的事情。此时，He had his leg injured while playing 主语是无意中的受害者，而不football.他在踢足球时腿受了伤。 The girl had her precious musical 是动作的执行者。 instrument in the storm last Sunday. 那个女孩在暴风雨中，伤了她的宝贵的乐器。 此种结构的否定式，即not have We won’t have anything said against our sth done 偶尔用来表示不允许violinist.我们不允许人这样攻击我们的小发生某事。 提琴家。 have sb do sth. have + sb. （宾语） + do sth （宾语补足语）意为“让 / 叫 / 使某人做某事”。have 是使役动词， sb. 作宾语，其后的 do sth. 是省去 to 的动词不定式,作宾语补足语。 My father often has me study for 10 hours a day. 父亲经常要我一天学习 10 个小时。 The novelist had the victim talk about the volcanic eruption. 那位小说家让那位受害者谈及火山的爆发。 You would have everybody teasing you if you did such a tiresome thing. 如果你做这样令人厌烦的事情， 你将使得每个人嘲笑你。 The scientists have the workers working day and night in the Pompeii’s ruins now. 科学家现在使得工人们正在在旁贝废墟里工作。 I will not have you talking to Mother like that. 我不能让你和妈这样说话。 He will have his biology to write. 他要写他的传记。 I have my biology to be written. 我要找人写我的传记。 have sth./sb. 使某物或某人正在做某事”。其doing 中have也是使役动词（让、使、叫），后接复合宾语，其宾补是现在分词，表示宾语和宾补之间不但存在着逻辑上的主谓关系，而且是主动关系，即宾语是宾补现在分词动作的执行者。强调正在进行或同时进行的动作。 此结构常用于否定式，表示“不能让”，“不允许”。 have sth to do 有某事要做, have是谓语动词，意为 “有”，不定式to do是宾语sth.的定语，句子的主语是不定式动作的执行者。 不定式若用被动式，则句子的主语就不是不定式动作的执行者了。 汉译英

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1.我们刚才请人把机器修好了。 2.我要叫孩子去寄这封信。 3.你最好把车子开慢点。

4.你有什么东西需要带到城里去吗？

5.他应该用这块绚丽多彩的布料做一身新衣服。 构 成 过去完成进行时的构成 \现在分词\构成。 作 用 过去完成进行时表示动作在过去某一时间之前开始，一直延续到这一过去时间。和过去完成时一样，过去完成进行时也必须以一过去时间为前提。 例 句 Had they been expecting the anecdote for some time before I came? 在我来之前，他们期待这个趣事有一段时间了吧？ The politician had been waiting for his visa for days before he got it. 这个政治家在拿到他的签证之前，等了好多天。 They had only been waiting for the bus a few moments when it came. 他们只等了一会儿车就来了。 过去完成进行时表示在过去某个时间以前反复的动作。 He had been mentioning the comedian’s name to me before I met her. 在我见过那位喜剧演员之前，他过去多次向我提到过她的名字。 My parents had been giving me everything before the entrance exam. 在之前，我的父母对我真是有求必应。 The doctor asked what he had been eating. 医生问他吃了什么。 I asked where the agent had been staying all those days. 我问那经销商那些天是呆在哪儿的。 I had only been reading the thriller a few minutes when my teacher found it. 我刚看了那本惊险小说几分钟，老师就发现了。 She'd only been reviewing her lessons for a short while when her little sister interrupted her. 她温习功课才一会儿，她妹妹就打断她了。 过去完成进行时还常用于间接引语中。 过去完成进行时之后也可接具有“突然”之意的when分句。

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