一般现在时 现在进行时 一般过去时 表示当前的动作和存在的状态，尤其指客观存在的规律性的动作。 Harmony in life is always the most important. 生活中的和谐总是最重要的。 表示现在正在进行的动作和存在的状态。 They are waiting in line. 他们正在站队等候。 They are leaving for the border.他们要朝过境出发。 Yesterday I went to school regardless of the snowstorm. 昨天，我不怕暴风雪，仍然去上学。 This morning, I got up early, went out for a walk, then came back and cooked for my family. 今天早上，我起床，外出散步，回来为全家做饭。 He worked in the store for 5 years. 也可以表示将要发生的动作。 表示过去发生的动作或状态，通常会有明确的表示过去的时间状语。 叙述过去连续发生的动作或状态。 表示过去某一段不确定的时间内发生的动作或状态。 过去进行时 表示过去某一点时间正在进行的动作或状态。 表示过去某一段时间内一直进行的动作或状态，但说话时动作并没有发生。 I was studying psychology at 11 last night. 昨天晚上11点，我正在学习心里学。 He was writing a book last week. 上一周，他在写一本书。 表示开始、结束、移动的瞬间动词，如：come, go, Yesterday he said he was leaving for arrive, leave, start等，用过去进行时，表示过Shanghai next week. 去的将来即将发生的动作或状态 与always总是, constantly始终, really非常, When he was a boy in a boarding school he actually实际上, often经常, usually通常, all was always crying. 当他还是个孩子时，住the time一直、总是, continually一直，等副词在寄宿学校，他总是哭。 连用时，表示过去反复出现或发生习的惯性动作，此时常表示说话人的某种感情，如赞扬，遗憾，讨厌或不满等。 过去完成进行时
表示在过去某一特定时间以前发生的动作一直持续到这个特定时间，或是刚刚结束，或是还要延续。但是，决不会延续到现在。 It had been raining hard for three weeks. Nearly all the little trees on the mountain were washed away. 大雨一连下了三个星期，山上的小树差不多都给冲刷一尽了。 5
现在现在某段时间内一直进行的动作，在强调动作的持续性． 完成进行时 过去完成时 表示的动作在过去的某一时间已经完成。 常用于间接引语中，表示某事在过去谈话或者思考的时间以前已经发生了。 She has been cleaning the office, so we have to wait outside. 她一直在打扫办公室，所以我们不得不在外面 等着。(强调动作一直在进行) Tom was disappointed that most of the guests had left when he arrived at the party. 当汤姆到达晚会的时候，大部分人都走了，他很失望。 He said that he had cleaned the office.他说他打扫了办公室了。 单项填空
1. (山东，33) Police are now searching for a woman who is reported to ____ since the flood hit the area last Friday.
A. have been missing B. have got lost C. be missing D. get lost 2. (陕西，7) —You look very tired_______at all last night? —No, not really. I'm tired out now.
A.Do you sleep B.Were you sleeping C.Did you sleep D.Had you slept
3. (全国I，21) The house belongs to my aunt but she ___ here any more. A.hasn't lived B.didn't live C.hadn't lived D.doesn't live 4. (北京，27) ---- _______ leave at the end of this month.
---- I don't think you should do that until ________ another job. A. I'm going to ; you'd found B. I'm going to ; you've found C. I'll ; you'll find D. I'll ; you'd find
5. (全国III, 20) As you can see, the number of cars on roads _______ rising these days. A. we keeping B. keep C. keeps D. were keeping 6. (安徽，25) I ___ along the street looking for a place to park when the accident ___.
A.went; was occurring B.went; occurred
C.was going; occurred D.was going; had occurred 7.(辽宁，27) The father as well as his three children skating on the frozen river every Sunday afternoon in winter. A.is going B.go C.goes D.are going
8. (四川，22) Look at the timetable. Hurry up! Flight 4026 ____ off at 18:20. A.takes B.took C.will be taken D.has taken
9. (浙江，6) This machine ___. It hasn't worked for years.
A. didn't work B. wasn't working C. doesn't work D. isn't working
10. (湖北，32) I won't tell the student the answer to the math problem until he on it for more than an hour.
A.has been working B.will have worked C.will have been working D.had worked
11. (福建，24) Ladies and gentlemen, please fasten your seat belts. The plane
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________.
A. takes off B.is taking off C.has taken off D.took off
12. (重庆，21) I have to go to work by taxi because my car at the garage. A.will be repaired B.is repaired C.is being repaired D.has been repaired 结构 作用 例句 He used to like symphony；now he enjoys pop songs. 他以前喜欢交响乐，现在他喜欢流行音乐。 Used you to go swimming every summer when you were boys? 小时候，每到夏天你们都要去游泳吗？ He used to spend every penny he earned on books. 过去，他通常把挣来的钱全花在买书上。 People used to believe that the earth was flat. 过去，人们总以为地球是扁平的。 意为“过去常常干某事\，表示过去习惯性Sb. used to + do 的动作或状态，但如今已不存在。 sth. 肯定式：used用于所有人称 否定式：used not／usedn't用于所有人称 疑问式：used you／he／they？等 否定疑问式：used you not？／usedn't you？等 其否定式和疑问式也可以用did来构成： didn't use to did you use to？ didn't you use to？ There used to be 过去常常有某物 There used to be a scenic masterpiece on the wall ten years ago. 十前，在这墙上有一个风景画。 be used to + doing： 对??已感到习惯，或\习惯于\，to是介词，I usedn’t to take a walk but now I am used to walking with my parents. 后需加名词或动名词。 我过去常常不散步，现在，我习惯了和父母一起散步。 Sth. is used to do 某物被用来做成另一样东西。 sth. 概念和功能 限定词用于名词的前面，限定名词所指的范围，表示该名词是特指还是泛指，是定量还是不定量。 种类 冠词 形容词性指示代词 形容词性物主代词 形容词性不定代词 数词 特指形容词 只能限定单数可数名词的限定词 词例和例句 a, an, the this，that， these，those my，your，our，his, her, their, its both，every，much，some， any, a few, a lot of one，two，…；first，second，….；one-third，three-fifths，… next，only，etc Wood can be used to make sleighs. 木头被用来做雪橇。 another，each，neither，I spent the whole morning listening a musical today.整either，the whole，every，个早上我在听一张音乐唱片。 7
a ／an，one， 只能用以限定复数可数名词 both，（a）few，many，These teapots have been made in Wuxi. 这些茶壶产several，these， those，于无锡。 a couple of，a number of， much，（a）little，a bit of，I have much pleasure in declaring this new factory opea great deal of， an amon. 我很高兴宣布新工厂开业。 unt of， all， any，half，my，your，His conscience troubled him after he took the money. our。。。，no，the rest of，他拿走了钱以后，他的良心使他不安。 the same，some，such，what，this，that， which， whose，the。。。 enough，more，most， plenty of，a quantity of，a lot of，lots of，less， next，last，the other，first，second。。。 He ate a small quantity of rice so that he could s;im. 他吃了少量的米饭,以便能够瘦身。 只能限定不可数名词 既可限定不可数名词，又可限定单数可数名词和复数可数名词 既可限定不可数名词，又可限定复数可数名词 既可限定单数可数名词，又可限定复数可数名词 We spent the last days of our holidays.我们度过了假期的最后几天。 1.利用括号内的单词填空
1)I used to (accompany) by my mother while playing games as a little boy. 2) Mustard is often used to (make) the dishes delicious. 3)I used to (skateboard) in the street, which was dangerous.
4)The postmen used to (deliver) letters on foot while now they are used to riding motorcycles.
5)We are used to (hear) the harsh music from the stores out our school. 1.to be accompanied 2.make 3. skateboard 4.deliver 5. hearing 2.单项填空
1) (全国I, 30)—Hello, could I speak to Mr. Smith?
—Sorry, wrong number, There isn't ____ Mr. Smith here. A.不填 B. a C. the D. one
2) (北京,26)---- I knocked over my coffee cup. It went right over ______ keyboard. ---- You shouldn't put drinks near ________ computer. A. the ; 不填 B. the ; a C. a ; 不填 D. a ; a
3) (天津,1) We had a picnic last term and it was a lot of fun, so let’s have ________one this month.
A. the other B. some C. another D. other
4) (辽宁,21) Of all ________reasons for my decision to become a university professor, my father's advice was ________most important one.
A. the; a B. 不填；a C.不填;the D. the; the
5) (浙江,3) ----Don't worry if you can't come to ____ party. ---- I'll save ____ cake for you. A. the ; some B. a ; much C. the ; any D. a ; little
6） (浙江,15) We always keep ________ spare paper, in case we ran out. A. too much B. a number of C. plenty of D. a good many
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