卓尔不凡，超越自我 19. lose lost lost 20. make made made 21. mean meant meant 22. meet met met 23. pay paid paid 24. say said said 25. sell sold sold 26. send sent sent 27. shine shone (shined) shone (shined) 28. sit sat sat 29. sleep slept slept 30. smell smelt (smelled) smelt (smelled) 31. spend spent spent 32. stand stood stood 33. sweep swept swept 34. teach taught taught 35. tell told told 36. think thought thought 37. understand understood understood 38. win won won 二、动词的过去分词是在动词原形后面加n或en。 动词原形 过 去 式 过 去 分 词 39. beat beat beaten 40. blow blew blown 41. draw drew drawn 42. drive drove driven 43. eat ate eaten 44. fall fell fallen 45. give gave given 46. grow grew grown 47. know knew known 48. mistake mistook mistaken 49. ride rode ridden 50. rise rose risen 51. see saw seen 52. show showed shown 53. take took taken 54. throw threw thrown 55. write wrote written 三、原形、过去式和过去分词相同。A-A-A型 动词原形 过 去 式 过 去 分 词 丢失 制造 意思是 遇到 付款 说 卖 送 发光 坐 睡 嗅 花费 站 扫 教 告诉 想 理解 赢 意 思 打 吹 画画 驾驶 吃 下落 给 生长 知道 弄错 乘、骑 升 看见 出示, 表现 拿走 抛、掷 写 意 思
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卓尔不凡，超越自我 56. cost cost cost 57. cut cut cut 58. hit hit hit 59. hurt hurt hurt 60. let let let 61. put put put 62. read read read 63. shut shut shut 四、原形中的i，过去式改为a，过去分词改为u。 动词原形 64. begin 65. drink 66. ring 67. sing 68. swim 过 去 式 began drank rang sang swam 过 去 分 词 begun drunk rung sung swum 值(多少)钱 切、割 打 伤害、伤痛 让 放 读 关 意 思 开始 饮 响 唱 游泳
五、动词的过去分词是在过去式后加n或en。 动词原形 69. break 70. choose 71. forget 72. speak 73. wake 过 去 式 broke chose forgot spoke woke 过 去 分 词 broken chosen forgotten spoken woken 意 思 打碎 选择 忘记 讲 醒
六、动词原形和过去分词相同。
动词原形 74. become 75. come 76. run 过 去 式 became came ran 过 去 分 词 become come run 意 思 成为 来 跑
七、原形、过去式和过去分词都不同。A-B-C 型
动词原形 77. am，is 78. are 79. do 80. fly 81. go 82. lie 83. wear
八、没有过去分词的。
过 去 式 was were did flew went lay wore 过 去 分 词 been been done flown gone lain worn 意 思 是 是 做 飞 去 躺 穿 17
卓尔不凡，超越自我
动词原形 84. can 85. may 86. shall 87. will 注意： 1. bring-brought-brought; buy-bought-bought; fight-fought-fought; think-thought-thought 而：catch-caught-caught; teach-taught-taught
(如里本身动词中已含有字母a, 则变过去式和过去分词时，也就带上a )
2. hang的两种变法区别：当―挂衣服‖讲时变hung-hung:因g像挂衣服的钩；当―上吊‖讲时，需要向上扔一个绳，故hanged-hanged：d 像绳一样。
3. 注意hear 与read 变过去式（分词）后的发音（标出音标） 4. 上表应让学生分三次背写完。 四、时间状语
1. yesterday系列： e.g. the day before yesterday, yesterday morning (afternoon, evening…) 2. last系列： e.g. last week (month, night …)
提示：yesterday evening与last night 区别记忆方法：长长—短短。yesterday, evening 两个单词均较长，last, night 两个单词都较短。
3. … ago系列： eg: two years ago, three hours ago…
4. in+过去时间点系列: e.g. in 2002 in the past（在过去）in the old days（在旧社会） 5. just now（刚才）
第八章 代词
一 定义：代替名词以及起名次作用的短语、分句和句子的词。
二 代词的分类：人称代词，物主代词，和反身代词，疑问代词，指示代词，和不定代词。
第一节 人称代词
（一）人称代词用法：
1、 I love you.2、 I am a teacher.3、Give me that book,4、Give that book to me. 口诀：我一，你二，他第三，―主格‖用在―谓语‖前，―宾格‖跟在动、介后。 （二）不同―人称‖来排列
1. You, he and I have a good time. (第二人称，第三人称，第一人称)
2 We, you and they like learning English. (第一人称，第二人称，第三人称) 3 A policeman and a policewoman are over there.4 I and you are wrong. 口诀：单数2, 3, 1. 复数1, 2, 3，男女出现男优先, 承认错误―我‖在前。 （必会表格）
人称 格 主格 宾格
第二节 物主代词
1. This is my shirt. (L11) = This is mine.
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过 去 式 could might should would 过 去 分 词 / / / / 意 思 能 可以 将要 愿、要、将 第一人称 单数 I me 复数 we us 第二人称 单数 you you 复数 you you 第三人称 单数 he him she her it it 复数 they them 卓尔不凡，超越自我 Our room is on the first floor, and theirs is on the second. This is my umbrella. (L3) Is this your handbag? (L1) 物主代词分―形容词性‖物主代词和―名词性‖物主代词。 通过以上例子大家会发现，―形容词性物主代词‖后面有名词，而―名词性物主代词‖后面无名词，即口诀：有―名‖用形容，无―名‖必用名。 （必会表格）
人称 词性 形容词性 名词性 第一人称 单数 my mine 复数 our ours 第二人称 单 your yours 复 his his 第三人称 单数 her hers its its 复数 their theirs
记忆口诀;形物代变名物代，一mine，二不变，其他S加后面。
第三节 反身代词 oneself 1. I always enjoy myself. He cut himself when he was shaving this morning. She was talking to herself.
大家会发现，当主语与宾语是同一个人称代词时，则宾语用―反身‖。 必会表格：
第一人称人 称 数 单数 复数 myself ourselves 第二人称 himself herself itself themselves yourself yourselves 第三人称
反身代词构成口诀：
说自己用反身，基本形式oneself，第三人称宾格替，其余开头用形容，复数ves替f。 Eg：I look at myself in the mirror. The problem itself is wrong. 常用反身代词的动词短语。(必背)1. help yourself (单)/yourselves (复) to…请自便 2. enjoy oneself 玩得愉快 3. teach oneself = learn… by oneself 自学4. talk to oneself 自言自语5. make yourself at home. 别客气
第四节 疑问代词
疑问代词在句子中用来构成特殊疑问句，主要用于询问―何人‖―何物‖―什么‖。
疑问代词 who whom whose which what
例如：
I went to Lily’s house with my mother on the first Sunday in May.
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代替范围 人 人、事、物 事、物 谁（主格） 谁（宾格） 谁的 哪一个 什么 卓尔不凡，超越自我 ① ② ③ ④
1. Who went to Lily’s house with my mother on the first Sunday in May？ 2. Whose house did you go to with your mother on the first Sunday in May？ 3. Whom did you go with to Lily’s house on the first Sunday in May？ 4. What did you do with your mother on the first Sunday in May？
5. Which Sunday of May did you go to Lily’s house with your mother in May？
第五节 指示代词
一、分类：this, that, these, those共4个。
近指：this单，these复；远指：that单，those复 二、电话用语中，this代表―自己‖，that代表―对方‖。
Hello! This is Mary. (我是Mary) Is that Jack speaking? (你是Jack吗?)
三、在比较级中，指代―单数名词‖/―不可数名词‖用that, 指代―复数名词‖用those。
The population of China is larger than that of France. The cars made in China are cheaper than those made in Japan.
第六节 不定代词
1. some, any，no 肯 否
I’m going to buy some clothes. → I’m not going to buy any clothes. There’s some ice in the fridge. → There isn’t any orange juice. We did some exercises. → We didn’t do any exercises.
Is there any ice in the fridge?
I haven’t got any money=I have got no money（no +名词=not +any/a +名词） Would you like some coffee? Can you lend me some money？
★some用于肯定句，否定疑问用any，not any 等于no，问句中表建议或想得到对方肯定回答时用some 2 复合不定代词
Every any no some everyone anyone none someone everybody anybody nobody somebody everything anything nothing something everywhere anywhere nowhere somewhere 总结：不定代词中必会的口诀：
1. 不定代词做―主语‖，谓语要用―单三‖形式。
Everything is possible.
2. 形容词、动词不定式修饰不定代词要后臵。
I have something important to tell you. Would you like something to eat?
3. 由some/any构成的复合不定代词something/somebody, anything/anybody等用法和some/any一致。 3 many , much 用法口诀：可数名词复数用many, 不可数名词用much There are many apple on the desk. There is much water in the bottle. 4 a little ,little ,a few,few 可数名词 不可数名词 表肯定 表否定 a few(一些) few(几乎不/没有) a little(一点) little（几乎不/没有）
eg：There is a little milk in the bottle. There is little milk in the bottle.
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