digital circuit technology and real-time digital signal processing technology of the Power System Protection. At present, both at home and abroad have been developed to 32-bit digital signal processor for hardware-based protection, control, measurement, and data communications integration of microprocessor-based protection control devices, and artificial intelligence technology into a number of relay protection, such as artificial neural networks, fuzzy theory to determine the realization of fault type, fault location, the direction of protection, the main equipment and other new methods of protection. By means of wavelet analysis of the theory of digital signal failure of the entire frequency band information and to achieve fault detection. These artificial intelligence technology to improve the accuracy of failure to provide a means of identification, but also some single-frequency signal based on the traditional method difficult to identify the problems to be resolved. At present, the microprocessor-based relay protection is along the microprocessor-based protection network, and intelligent, adaptive and protection, control, measurement, signal, data communications integration direction.
译文：
变电站是电力系统中不可缺少的重要组成部分，它担负着电能转换和分配的任务，对电网的安全和经济运行起着举足轻重的作用，是联系发电厂和用户的中间环节。随着经济的发展，电网容量不断扩大，对电网运行的可靠性要求也越来越高。科学技术的发展、智能化开关,光电式电流电压互感器,一次运行设备在线状态检测,变电站运行操作培训仿真等高新技术日趋成熟,以及光纤技术、计算机高速网络在实时系统中的开发应用,势必对现有的变电站自动化技术产生深刻的影响,全数字化的变电站自动化系统成为发展的趋势。
关键词：变电站 自动化
电力系统是由生产、输送、分配和消费电能的各种电气设备连接在一起组成。由于电能无法大量储存，必须保证用电和电能生产的平衡。随着科学技术的不断进步，我们国家的技术发展已经达到一定的水平。智能化开关,光电式电流电压互感器,一次运行设备在线状态检测,变电站运行操作培训仿真等高新技术日趋成熟,以及光纤技术、计算机高速网络在实时系统中的开发应用,大大的提高变电自动化程度。
我国变电站设计开始趋向于变电站接线方案简单，近期国内新建的许多变电站220 k V及110kV电压等级的接线采用双母线而不带旁路母线。采用GIS的情况下，优先采用单母线分段接线。终端变电站中，尽量采用线路变压器组接线等。大量采用新的技术，变电站电气设备档次不断提高，配电装置也从传统的形式走向无油化、真空开关、SF6开关和机、电组合一体化的小型设备发展。近年来世界各国著名的高压电气设备公司都相继开发、研制了各种类型的145-550 kV户外高压和超高压组合电器，国内一些高压开关厂也已经开始生产145 k V户外紧凑型组合电器。户外插接式智能型组合电器是一种功能更完备的高压和超高压开关系统，它内含电气一次、二次设备，以及相关连的插接式复合光缆等。全分散式变电站自动化系统；引入先进的网络技术；变电站占地及建筑面积减少，变电站接线方案的简化，组合电器、管母线及钢支架等的采用，使变电站布置更为简单，取消站前区和优化布置使变电站占地大幅度下降。
随着技术的进步，传统的继电保护装置正逐步被微机保护所取代。微机保护是微机计算机保护的简称，是一种数字式继电保护，是基于可编程数字电路技术和实时数字信号处理技术实现的电力系统继电保护。目前，国内外已经研制出以32位数字信号处理器为硬件基础的保护、控制、测量、及数据通信一体化的微机保护综合控制装置，并将一些人工智能技术引入继电保护中，如用人工神经网络、模糊理论实现故障类型判断、
故障测距、方向保护、主设备保护等新方法。用小波理论的数字手段分析故障产生信号的整个频带信息并用于实现故障检测。这些人工智能技术不仅为提高故障判别精度提供了手段，而且使某些基于单一工频信号的传统算法难以识别的问题得到解决。目前，微机继电保护正沿着微机保护网络化、智能化、自适应和保护、控制、测量、信号、数据通信一体化的方向发展。
外文文献二
The most basic request that charged barbed wire net in the city circulates is safe and
stable.The core problem of charged barbed wire net safety in the city stability wants to build up to be a with the city mutually accommodative of, reasonable of charged barbed wire net structure.This text passes and programs to the charged barbed wire net with electric power and designs the technique principle of the aspect analysis.Elaborated the standard concerning electric voltage grade, power supply credibility, power supply ability and charged barbed wire net safe power supply requests etc. some problems that should notice in the charged barbed wire net safety;And have already aimed at sex's elaborating request to the concrete design principle opposite charged barbed wire net safe power supply of the 220 kV transformer substation and 110kV transformer substation. How to promise power supply credibility
1)Satisfy charged barbed wire net power supply safe standard.The power supply network satisfies the request of power supply credibility.The standard that all satisfies N-l, city area center high burden density important customer in the district satisfy the standard of N-2.Disallow transformer over carry.Help a southern city net power supply credibility rate index sign programming target is 99.99%.
2)Press to go together with charged barbed wire net burden to transfer ability in the city satisfy following request:
①The transformer substation loses any once enter line or one set lord transformer but lower power supply ability, win press to go together with charged barbed wire net to have to transfer burden to ensure the ability of power supply.
②When a female line of transformer substation stops a luck because of putting, winning to press to go together with charged barbed wire net should have the ability that transfer all burden.
③When the 10 kv goes together with electric wire road any check to fix or breaks down, going together with the charged barbed wire net should have non- check of transfer to fix, non- breakdown segment ability for carrying.The non- check fixs,
The non- breakdown segment carries to the power is off time only for go together with to give or get an electric shock an equipments to pour a Zha operation for time.
3)Ask to satisfy a following principle while allowing the capacity of the power outage and the target of the instauration power supply while going together with charged barbed wire net breakdown to make the customer the power is off:
①The customer of two back track power supplies , after losing a back track, should be unlimited to give or get an electric shock.
②The customer of three back track power supplies , after losing a back track, should be unlimited to give or get an electric shock, again after losing a back track, should satisfy power supply capacity 50-70% is used an electricity.
③When all of a back track or much customer's the power of back track power supplies stopped, resume target time of power supply broke down to handle for a back track restored of ask.
④At wreath net power supply method in for open the customer in the wreath network, the lowest instauration power supply request for breaking down wreath net is to need to pass charged barbed wire net operation instauration
Power supply of time, its target time need for operating of ask;It is the power supply that passes to go together with net automation restriction to resume an intact block in the lmin to go together with net automation circuit. (3)Power supply ability and safety
1)Of each electric voltage layer net capacity in the city net, press definitely change the electric capacity carry to compare an allocation, the all levels electric voltage net changes the electric capacity carry compare satisfy the upper limit request that current 《electric power net in the city programming design lead 》 stipulates.
According to 2001 national economy trade committee promulgation of electric power profession standard 《electric power system safety stability lead 》 middle finger:N.a standard is under the normal movement method of the any component(is like circuit, generator, and transformer...etc.) in the electric power system have no break down or because of break down break to open, electric power system should
Can keep stable to circulate with normal power supply, other components however carry, electric voltage and frequency all are allowing inside the scope.This is usually called N. one standard.
The charged barbed wire net power supply safe standard has:N-l standard and quasi- N one 2 standards and Ns is one 2 standards.
City's going together with the power supply safety of charged barbed wire net to usually request is to adopt N one one standard.It is one 2 standards to have already adopted quasi- N
as well at the power supply safety specially important place one 2 standards or Ns. 2)Medium press and go together with charged barbed wire net and have certain back up capacity, generally should have 50% Yu degrees, while being any component check and fixing and breaking down and stopping and carrying should pass and pour a Zha operation can keep a segment the customer continue toward the customer or non- trouble power supply, go together with each component of charged barbed wire net while transfering burden however carry, unlimited electricity.When two set lords hanpen that the power is off at the same time,that is used circuit should adjust above 60% burden.
译文：城市电网运行的最基本要求是安全与稳定。城市电网安全稳定的核心问题是要建立一个与该城市相适应的、合理的电网结构。本文通过对电网规划和电力设计方面的技术原则分析。阐述了在电网安全中关于电压等级、供电可靠性、供电能力以及电网安全供电的准则要求等方面应注意的一些问题；以及有针对性的阐述了对220kV变电站和110kV变电站的具体设计原则相对电网安全供电的要求。 如何保证供电可靠性
1)满足电网供电安全准则。供电网络满足供电可靠性的要求。全部满足N—l的准则，城区中心高负荷密度区域重要用户满足N-2的准则。不允许变压器过载。济南城网供电可靠率指标规划目标为99．99％。
2)城市中压配电网负荷转移能力满足以下要求：
①变电站失去任何一回进线或一台主变压器而降低供电能力时，中压配电网具有转移负荷确保供电的能力。
②变电站的一段母线因放停运时，中压配电网应具有转移全部负荷的能力。
③10kV配电线路任何一段检修或故障时，配电网应具备转移非检修、非故障段负荷的能力。非检修、非故障段负荷停电时间仅为配电设备倒闸操作时间。
3)配电网故障造成用户停电时，允许停电的容量和恢复供电的目标时问满足以下原则： ①两回路供电的用户，失去一条回路后，应不限电。
②三回路供电的用户，失去一条回路后，应不限电，再失去一条回路后，应满足供电容量50-70％用电。
③一回路或多回路供电的用户电源全停时，恢复供电的目标时间为一回路故障处理恢复的时问。
④在环网供电方式中对于开环网络中的用户，环网故障时的最低恢复供电要求是需通过电网操作恢复供电的时间，其目标时间为操作所需的时问；配网自动化线路是通过配网自动化限制在lmin内恢复完好区段的供电。 (3)供电能力和安全性
1)城网中各电压层网容量之间，按一定的变电容载比配置，各级电压网变电容载比满足
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