专题八 名词性从句
考点1 宾语从句
动词后接宾语从句的用法 ★★★
典例1 [2019山东淄博二模,70]In 1995, the World Health Organization published can be treated by acupuncture(针灸) and moxibustion(艾灸).
句意:1995年,世界卫生组织公布了针灸和艾灸能够治疗的病症。分析句子结构可知,空处引导的从句作动词published的宾语,且从句中缺少主语,表示\……的事物\故用what。
what
典例2 [2020河北石家庄毕业班摸底考试,66] The rise in sales of translated fiction shows hungry so many British readers are for terrific writings from other countries.
句意:翻译小说销量的增长表明如此多的英国读者有多么渴望得到来自其他国家的优秀作品。分析句子结构可知,空处引导的从句作动词shows的宾语,修饰形容词hungry应用how。
how
介词后接宾语从句的用法 ★★★
典例3 [2019湖南岳阳第一中学高三第二次质检,44]Contrary to many people think, HIV cannot be transmitted through mosquitoes, coughs or sneezes.
句意:与许多人的想法相反,艾滋病病毒不能通过蚊子、咳嗽和喷嚏传播。根据句意并分析句子结构可知,空处引导宾语从句,且在从句中作think的宾语,表示\……的事物\故用what。
what
考点2 主语从句
主语从句的连接词 ★★★
典例4 How strange it is the students are so quiet in the classroom!
句意:学生们在教室里如此安静,真奇怪!句中的it作形式主语,这里要用连接词引导主语从句,连接词在从句中不作任何成分,只起连接作用,故用that引导该主语从句。
that
典例5 [2019浙江杭州模拟,38] makes New Zealand’s universities stand out is their ability to provide high-end education.
句意:让新西兰的大学脱颖而出的是它们提供高端教育的能力。分析句子成分可知,空处引导主语从句,且在从句中作主语,指事物,故用连接代词What。
What
考点3 表语从句
表语从句的特殊连接词 ★★★
典例6 [2019黑龙江哈尔滨三中第一次调研,42]The choices you make can tell something about your inner thoughts. At least, that’s science has proved.
句意:你做的选择可以说明一些你内心的想法。至少,那是科学已经证明了的事情。根据句意并分析句子结构可知,空处在此引导表语从句,且在从句中作has proved的宾语,表示\……的事情\故填what。
what
表语从句的三个易混句式 ★★☆
典例7 The reason he was late for class is he didn’t catch the early bus.
本题考查的是\…is that…\句型。第一空处,why在此引导定语从句并在从句中作原因状语,从句修饰先行词reason;第二空处,that在此引导表语从句,在从句中不作成分,只起连接作用。
why; that
考点4 同位语从句
分隔式同位语从句 ★★☆
典例8 [2019江苏无锡期末,25]The news spread quickly all over the world Michael Schumacher came to life after his being seriously injured for 5 years.
句意:迈克尔·舒马赫在受重伤5年后苏醒过来的消息很快传遍了全世界。分析句子结构可知,空处引导的从句是The news的具体内容,故此处为同位语从句,且从句不缺少成分,意思完整,故用that引导。
that
考法 考查名词性从句的引导词
典例9 [2019全国Ⅰ,61]While they are rare north of 88°, there is evidence they range all
the way across the Arctic, and as far south as James Bay in Canada.
句意:虽然它们(北极熊)在北纬88度以北很少见,但有证据表明,它们的活动范围遍及整个北极,甚至南至加拿大的詹姆斯湾。结合句意可知,句中While引导让步状语从句,there is evidence...为主句,主句中的they range all the way...in Canada是对名词evidence的解释,从句不缺成分且句意完整,故用that引导同位语从句。
that 考法总结
根据语境可知,空后内容是对设空前名词evidence的解释说明,空处在此引导同位语从句;再分析从句结构和句意,从句不缺成分,且句意完整,故应用that引导。
典例10 [2017江苏,26]We choose this hotel because the price for a night here is down to $20, half of it used to charge.
空处在此引导宾语从句,从句作介词of的宾语,且引导词在从句中作charge的宾语,因此填what。half of what it used to charge意为\它过去收费的一半\。
what
考法总结 分析句子结构可知,设空处引导的是宾语从句,再分析从句的结构可知,从句缺宾语且宾语指物,故可判断答案为what。
典例11 [2018浙江11月,63]It is possible caffeine may cause birth defects(缺陷) in humans, too.
句意:咖啡因可能也会导致人类的先天缺陷。分析句子
结构可知,It在此作形式主语,空处引导的从句作真正的主语,从句意思完整,且不缺成分,因此应用that引导。
that
考法总结 It在此处作形式主语,that引导的从句作真正的主语,主语从句较长,因而后置。解答此类题的关键是熟悉it作形式主语的常见句型和it作形式宾语的常见情况。
难点1 名词性从句的易混连接词
典例12 will come to help with my English hasn’t been decided.
句意:还没有决定谁将来帮我学英语。根据语境可知,此处有疑问含义,表示\谁\故用who引导主语从句,who在从句中作主语。
Who
典例13 We haven’t settled the question of it is necessary for him to study abroad.
根据语境可知,空处应用表示\是否\的if或whether引导宾语从句,但是空处引导的从句作介词的宾语,故用whether,不用if。
whether
方法1 分析从句成分,锁定引导词
典例14 Now the route is no longer used for international trade but many stories of
happened on the ancient road remain.
空处引导的从句作介词of的宾语,且从句中缺主语,表示\……的事情\故应用what。 what
方法2 正确翻译句子
典例15 [2019山东济宁高三摸底,61]Massive Open Online Courses, called MOOCs, are changing
people learn in many places.
句意:大规模的网上公开课,被称为慕课,正在许多地方改变着人们学习的方式。分析句子结构可知,空处作宾语从句中的方式状语,即\怎样学习\故应用how。
how
1.[2019江苏,25]Scientists have obtained more evidence plastic is finding its way into the
human body.
2.[2018北京,15]This is my father has taught me —to always face difficulties and hope for
the best.
3.[2018天津,9]The gold medal will be awarded to wins the first place in the bicycle race. 4.[2017天津,4]She asked me I had returned the books to the library, and I admitted that I
hadn’t.
5.[2015湖南,26]You have to know you’re going if you are to plan the best way of getting
there.
6.[2015福建,29]—I wonder Mary has kept her figure after all these years.
—By working out every day.
7.[2014陕西,15] the delayed flight will take off depends much on the weather.
8.[2014湖南,24]As John Lennon once said, life is happens to you while you are busy
making other plans.
9.[2014四川,2]Grandma pointed to the hospital and said, \ I was born.\
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