七年级上册 语法摘要
一.名词 名词的数:
1. 规则名词的复数形式:
名词的复数形式,一般在单数形式后面加-s或-es。现将构成方法与读音规则列表如下:
规则 1 2 一般情况在词尾加-s 以s, x, ch, sh结尾的名词后加-es 例词 map-maps, sea-seas, girl-girls, day-days class-classes, box-boxes, watch-watches, dish-dishes 3 以-f或-fe结尾的词 变-f和-fe为v再加-es leaf-leaves, knife-knives, wife-wives, shelf-shelves 有生命的名词-es 无生命的名词-s hero-heroes, potato-potatoes, tomato-tomatoes piano-pianos, photo-photos, radio-radios mouth-mouths, month-months, 4 以辅音字母加y结尾的名词,变y为i加-es family-families, story-stories, city-cities 5 以o结尾的名词 6 以-th结尾的名词加-s 2. 不规则名词复数: 英语里有些名词的复数形式是不规则的,归纳如下:
规则 1 2 3 4 改变名词中的元音字母或其他形式 单复数相同 只有复数形式 一些集体名词总是用作复数 例词 man-men, sheep, deer, trousers, clothes people, police group, woman-women, foot-feet, goose-geese, mouse-mice class, family, crowd, couple, 5 部分集体名词既可以作单数(整体)也可以作复数(成员) government, team, 3. 名词的所有格: 名词在句中表示所有关系的语法形式叫做名词所有格。所有格分两种:一是名词词尾加’s构成, 二是由介词of加名词构成。前者多表示有生命的东西,后者多表示无生命的东西。
1). ’s所有格的构成: 单数名词在末尾加’s 复数名词 一般在末尾加’ 不规则复数名词后加’s the boy’s father, Jack’s book the teachers’ room, the twins’ mother, the children’s toys, women’s rights, Dickens’ novels, Charles’s job, the Smiths’ house Jane’s and Mary’s bikes Jane and Mary’s father the doctor’s, my uncle’s 以s结尾的人名所有格加’s或者’ 表示各自的所有关系时, 各名词末尾均须加’s 表示共有的所有关系时在最后一词末加’s 表示"某人家""店铺", 所有格后名词省略 2). of所有格的用法: 用于无生命的东西:the legs of the chair, the cover of the book
二,数词
基数词表示事物的数量: One, two, three, five, six, seven, eight, nine, ten , eleven, twelve, thirteen, fourteen, fifteen…
Twenty , twenty-one… thirty, forty, fifty… eighty, ninety, one/a hundred , one/a hundred and one… two hundred
三.冠词
冠词分为不定冠词(a, an),定冠词(the),和零冠词。 I. 不定冠词的用法:
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1 2 3 指一类人或事,相当于a kind of 第一次提及某人某物,非特指 表示―每一‖相当于every,one A plane is a machine that can fly. A boy is waiting for you. We study eight hours a day. A Mr. Smith came to visit you when you were out That boy is rather a Lei Feng. a bit, once upon a time, in a hurry, have a walk The horse is a useful animal. the universe, the moon, the Pacific Ocean Would you mind opening the door? play the violin, play the guitar the reach, the living, the wounded the Greens, the Wangs He is the tallest boy in our class . 用于人名前,表示不认识此人或与某名人5 有类似性质的人或事 6 1 2 4 5 6 7 用于固定词组中 表示某一类人或物 用于世上独一无二的事物名词前 用于乐器前面 用于形容词和分词前表示一类人 表示―一家人‖或―夫妇‖ II. 定冠词的用法: 3 表示说话双方都了解的或上文提到过的人或事 用于序数词和形容词副词比较级最高级前 the United States, the Communist Party of China, 山川群岛的名词前 8 用于国家党派等以及江河湖海,the French 9 用于方位名词前 In the north/south/east/west III. 零冠词的用法:(初一下内容) 专有名词,物质名词,抽象名词,人名地名等名1 词前 2 名词前有this, my, whose, some, no, each, every等限制 3 4 5 6 7 8
四.代词(人称代词和物主代词与指示代词)
1 人称代词 2 物主代词 3 主格 宾格 形容词性 名词性 I, you, he, she, it, we, you, they me, you, him, her, it, us, you, them my, your, his, her, its, our, your, their mine, yours, his, hers, its, ours, yours, theirs 近指:this, these 远指:that ,those 季节,月份,星期,节假日,一日三餐前 表示职位,身份,头衔的名词前 学科,语言,球类,棋类名词前 与by连用表示交通工具的名词前 以and连接的两个相对的名词并用时 表示泛指的复数名词前 Beijing University, Jack, China, love, air I want this book, not that one. / Whose purse is this? March, Sunday, National Day, spring Lincoln was made President of America. He likes playing football/chess. by train, by air, by land husband and wife, knife and fork, day and night Horses are useful animals. 指示代词
1.人称代词分为主格和宾格
动词/介词 + 宾格
2. 物主代词分为形容词性物主代词和名词性物主代词 形容词性物主代词 + 名词
注意:―I‖ 要放在后面!
例如:Kangkang and I are in the same class.(the same + 名词单数形式)
3.人称代词并列用法的排列顺序
1)单数人称代词并列作主语时,其顺序为:
第二人称->第三人称->第一人称 即:you and I;he/she/itandI;you,he/she/it and I 2)复数人称代词作主语时,其顺序为:
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第一人称->第二人称->第三人称 即:we and you;you and they;we,you and they 4.人称代词口诀:
人称代词分主/宾,只有八对要区分。 你(们)、它主/宾同一形,其余主/宾须分清。 谓语之前主格填,动/介之后宾格跟, 口语运用最灵活,表语也可用宾格。 人称代词并列现,注意顺序礼貌见, 二一、三一、二三一,第一人称最谦虚, 若把错误责任担,第一人称须当先。
五,时态。(一般现在时)
概念:1)表示现在的状态; 2)表示经常、习惯性的动作; 3)表示主语具备的性格和能力等。
1. 时间状语:often, usually ,always, sometimes, every week (day, year, month…),once a week, on Sundays等。 如:I go to school at seven every day。我每天7点上学。 2. 基本结构:(1)be动词; (2)行为动词 否定形式(1)am\\is\\are+not;
(2)谓语动词诺为行为动词,则在其前加don’t,如主语为第三人称单数,则用doesn’t,同时还原行为动词。 一般疑问句(1)把be动词放于句首;(2)用助动词do提问,如主语为第三人称单数,则用does,同时还原行为动词。 如:She gets up at six every day。/ She doesn’t get up at six every day。(否定句)/ Does she get at six every day?(一般疑问句)
3. 一般现在时的谓语动词用动词原形或动词的第三人称单数形式表示:其动词的第三人称单数形式构成规则如下: ①一般在动词词尾加一s。 如: drive-dives get-gets ② 以字母s,o,x,ch或sh结尾的动词在词尾加es。如: go-goes watch-watches wish-wishes ③ 以辅音字母+y结尾的动词,先变y为i,再加-es。 如: Study-studies fly-flies ● 词组
1. Look after/like/the same/at + 名词
2. help yourself/yourselves to
3. be动词(am,is,are) + from = come from
● 介词(in,on,at) 时间——in morning/afternoon/evening on Sunday/Monday/Tuesday at + 点钟 地点——in a hospital/school on a farm/the sofa at school/home ● 颜色:black, white, red, blue, green, yellow, pink, orange, gray, blond, brown,··· ● 职业:student, teacher, cook, driver, nurse, farmer, doctor, office worker··· ● 动物:panda, elephant, lion, monkey, horse, pig, dog, cat ,fish··· ● 多个形容词修饰同一个名词的顺序:
代词 冠词 冠词前的指示代词 形容词 不定代词 代词所有格 all both such
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数词 性状形容词 性质 状态 大小 长短 形状 新旧 温度 国籍 产地 材料 质地 名词 序数词 基数词 颜色 the a this another your second one next four beautiful large good poor short square new cool black yellow Chinese London silk stone
仁爱版七年级英语上册语法练习
一、名词 专项训练 1, 按照要求将下列名词分类
animal paper rice cake bread tomato water egg meat desk hair hamburger milk juice apple air teacher panda news salt mouse monkey family box
可数名词:
不可数名词: 2, 给出下列名词(组)的复数形式 desk snowman dress glass toy man teacher
mouse foot Chinese leaf cake woman doctor
man woman class bus baby apple tree
二、用be 动词及其正确的形式填空。
1、-- ______you Michale? -- No,I_________. 2、What_______Jane’s phone number?
3、-- Where ______she from? -- She ____from the USA.
4、-- Where _____Lily and Lucy from? -- They _____from the USA. 5、-- _______those apples?-- No, they ______. They ____cakes. 6. --_____that cap red? -- No, it______. It _____yellow. 7、The girl in green ____Lisa.
8、-- How much______these apples? -- 10yuan a kilo. 9、-- How much______this salt?– One yuan a kilo. 10、There______twelve people in his family. 11、There_____ some vegetables on the desk.
12、There______ some water in the bottle. There ______ (not be) any milk. 三、写出下列缩写或完全形式。
I am______ who is ______ Jane has______ There’re_____ is not________ aren’t_______ She’d like____ do not_______ doesn’t_____ 四、用 has/have填空。
I ______a happy family. My parents both _____big ears. My mother _____long blond hair and my father ______short black hair. Does my sister Rose _____big ears, too? Yes, but she doesn’t _____long blond hair like my mother. My pet Kitty _______short legs and big feet. Do you _____a nice family ,too? 五、用do, does及其正确形式填空。
1.-- Excuse me. ____you have any good friends?-- Yes, I ______.
2.-- Kangkang and Jane, ____you have different looks?--Yes, we______.
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teacher box knife family boy shoe shop
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