from the people, past experience and lower-level organizations. We held Standing Committee lectures on special topics, enriched their content, and made them more effective. We increased the transparency of the NPC’s work in various ways, and willingly accepted oversight of the people. We sought everyone’s opinions with an open mind and strived to improve shortcomings in our work. We made full use of NPC special committees and supported them in performing their duties in accordance with the law. Focusing on the central tasks of the NPC and its Standing Committee, the special committees conscientiously studied, deliberated and drafted bills, and worked hard to improve the quality of legislation, make our oversight more effective and enhance the role of deputies. We strengthened contacts with standing committees of local people’s congresses, and worked with them in doing the work of the NPC well under the new conditions and developing socialist democracy and the socialist legal system. NPC bodies launched a campaign to thoroughly study and put into practice the Scientific Outlook on Development and encourage their Party
members and organizations to excel in their work; greatly strengthened the ranks of their staff; and fully played their role in providing advice, assistance, and services to deputies. 过去五年工作的基本总结
Review of the Work in the Past Five Years
坚持和完善人民代表大会制度，做好新形势下人大工作，是党和人民赋予我们的光荣使命。在以往各届特别是十届全国人大及其常委会工作的基础上，十一届全国人大及其常委会进一步增强坚持和完善人民代表大会制度的自觉性，努力工作，积极探索，不断丰富人民代表大会制度的理论与实践，积累了新的宝贵经验，开创了人大工作新局面。在工作中，大家体会最深的是以下六个方面。
It is a glorious mission entrusted to us by the Party and the people to adhere to and improve the system of people’s congresses and do the NPC’s work well in the new situation. On the foundation of the work of past NPCs and their Standing Committees, especially the Tenth NPC and its Standing Committee, the Eleventh NPC and its Standing Committee adhered to and improved the system of people’s congresses more consciously, worked hard, made active explorations, and enriched the theory and practice of the system. They accumulated fresh and valuable experience and ushered in a new stage in the NPC’s work. In our work, what we developed the deepest understanding of was these six points.
一、牢牢把握人大工作正确的政治方向。全国人大是最高国家权力机关，在国家政治生活中发挥着重要作用。坚持正确政治方向，是做好人大工作的根本，事关国家和民族的前途命运。我们始终坚持以马克思列宁主义、毛泽东思想、邓小平理论、―三个代表‖重要思想、科学发展观为指导，坚定不移走中国特色社会主义政治发展道路，坚持党的领导、人民当家作主、依法治国有机统一，牢牢把握人大工作正确政治方向，并贯穿于行使职权的全过程，落实到履行职责的各方面。
1. Keeping to the correct political orientation for the NPC’s work
The NPC is the highest body of state power and plays an important role in the political life of the country. Keeping to the correct political orientation is the basis for doing the NPC’s work well and affects the future and destiny of the country and the nation. We always followed the guidance of Marxism-Leninism, Mao Zedong Thought, Deng Xiaoping Theory, the important thought of Three Represents and the Scientific Outlook on Development; unwaveringly took the path of making political advances with Chinese characteristics; upheld the unity of the leadership of the Party, the position of the people as masters of the country and the rule of law; adhered to the correct political orientation for the NPC’s work; and implemented these principles throughout the whole course and in every aspect of performing duties.
一是坚持党的领导。中国共产党是中国特色社会主义事业的坚强领导核心，以全心全意为人民服务为根本宗旨，党的主张凝聚了全党全国人民的集体智慧，体现了最广大人民的共同意愿。我们自觉坚持党对人大工作的领导，贯彻党的基本理论、基本路线、基本纲领、基本经
验、基本要求，落实中央重大决策部署，使党的主张通过法定程序成为国家意志，使党组织推荐的人选通过法定程序成为国家政权机关的领导人员，从法律上制度上保证党的路线方针政策贯彻落实，保证党总揽全局、协调各方的领导核心作用充分发挥，确保人大各项工作，无论是立法、监督工作，还是决定重大事项、行使人事任免权，都有利于加强和改善党的领导，有利于巩固党的执政地位，有利于保证党领导人民有效治理国家。
First, we upheld the leadership of the Party. The CPC is the firm leadership core of socialism with Chinese characteristics and it takes serving the people wholeheartedly as its fundamental purpose. The Party’s stand pools the wisdom of all its members and the whole country, and represents the common aspirations of the overwhelming majority of the people. We consciously upheld the Party’s leadership over the NPC’s work; implemented its basic theories, line, program, experience and requirements; carried out major decisions and arrangements of the Party Central Committee; turned the views of the Party into the will of the state through statutory procedures; and placed people recommended by the Party organization in leadership positions in bodies of state power through statutory procedures. We provided legal and institutional guarantees that the Party’s line, principles and policies were implemented, and ensured that the Party fully played its role as the leadership core in exercising overall leadership and coordinating everyone’s efforts. We ensured that all the work of the NPC, be it legislation, oversight, deciding major issues, or exercising the power to appoint and dismiss personnel, was conducive to strengthening and improving the Party’s
leadership, consolidating its position as the governing party and guaranteeing that the Party led the people in effectively governing the country. 二是坚持和发展中国特色社会主义。中国特色社会主义是党和人民长期实践取得的根本成就，是当代中国发展进步的根本方向，只有中国特色社会主义才能发展中国。我们坚定对中国特色社会主义的道路自信、理论自信、制度自信，牢牢把握社会主义初级阶段基本国情，紧紧围绕全面建成小康社会奋斗目标，坚持以经济建设为中心，坚持四项基本原则，坚持改革开放，推动科学发展，着力改善民生，促进社会和谐，及时将改革开放和社会主义现代化建设的实践经验上升为法律，推动宪法和法律有效实施，推动中央重大决策部署贯彻落实，充分发挥最高国家权力机关在坚持和发展中国特色社会主义伟大实践中的保障和促进作用。 Second, we adhered to and developed socialism with Chinese characteristics. Socialism with Chinese characteristics is a fundamental achievement the Party and the people made through practice over a long period of time and it is the basic orientation for contemporary China’s
development and progress. Only socialism with Chinese characteristics can develop China. We had firm confidence in the path, theories and system of socialism with Chinese characteristics, kept firmly in mind China’s basic condition of still being in the primary stage of socialism, focused on the goal of finishing building a moderately prosperous society in all respects, kept economic
development as the central task, adhered to the Four Cardinal Principles and the reform and opening up policy, pursued development in a scientific way, strived to improve people’s wellbeing, and promoted social harmony. We incorporated into law our practical experience in reform, opening up and socialist modernization in a timely manner; gave impetus to the effective enforcement of the Constitution, laws and major decisions and arrangements of the central leadership; and made full use of our role as the highest body of state power in ensuring and advancing the great practice of upholding and developing socialism with Chinese characteristics.
三是坚持和完善人民代表大会制度。我国是工人阶级领导的、以工农联盟为基础的人民民主专政的社会主义国家。人民代表大会制度是体现我国国家性质、保证人民当家作主的根本政治制度，也是党在国家政权中充分发扬民主、贯彻群众路线的最好实现形式。我们深刻认识我国人民代表大会制度的本质特征，理直气壮地坚持自己的特色、发挥自己的优势，不断推进人民代表大会制度自我完善和发展；充分认识我国人民代表大会制度与西方资本主义国家政体的本质区别，坚决抵制各种错误思想理论影响，在重大原则问题上立场坚定、旗帜鲜明。我们借鉴人类政治文明有益成果，但绝不照搬西方政治制度模式。
Third, we adhered to and improved the system of people’s congresses. China is a socialist country with a people’s democratic dictatorship led by the working class and based on an alliance of workers and farmers. The system of people’s congresses is the fundamental political system that reflects the nature of China as a state and ensures that the people determine their own destiny. It is also the best possible way for the Party to fully bring democracy into play and implement the mass line in wielding state power. We fully understood the intrinsic nature of China’s system of people’s congresses, confidently made the most of these characteristics and our strengths, and carried out self-improvement and self-development of the system. We fully understood the essential difference between China’s system of people’s congresses and Western capitalist countries’ systems of state power, resolutely resisted the influence of all kinds of erroneous thought and theories, and maintained a firm and clear position on major issues of principle. We drew on the political achievements of other societies, but never copied the model of Western political systems.
二、紧紧围绕党和国家工作大局开展人大工作。人大工作是党和国家工作的重要组成部分，涉及中国特色社会主义事业总体布局的方方面面，事关改革开放和社会主义现代化建设的顺利进行。只有服从服务于党和国家工作大局，人大工作才能取得党和人民满意的效果。我们始终从党和国家事业发展的全局来谋划和推进人大工作，依据人大工作定位和特点，统筹安排立法、监督等各项工作，集中力量、突出重点、务求实效，着力推动中央重大决策部署贯彻落实。
2. Focusing on the overall work of the Party and country in doing the NPC’s work
The NPC’s work is an important part of the Party and country’s work. It touches on every aspect of the overall development of socialism with Chinese characteristics and bears on the smooth advance of reform, opening up and socialist modernization. Our work can satisfy the Party and the people only by being subordinate to and serving the overall work of the Party and country. We always planned and carried out the NPC’s work in reference to the overall development of the Party and country’s cause, coordinated our legislative and oversight work on the basis of the role and
characteristics of the NPC’s work, concentrated our strengths, set priorities, sought real results, and worked to spur the implementation of major policies and arrangements of the central leadership. 一是紧扣加快转变经济发展方式这条主线，推动科学发展。针对我国产业结构不合理、科技创新能力不强、现代服务业发展滞后等突出矛盾以及国际金融危机的冲击和影响，常委会在每年听取审议计划执行情况报告的同时，专门安排听取审议应对国际金融危机、转变经济发展方式、调整经济结构、―十一五‖规划纲要实施情况中期评估以及服务业、旅游业发展等报告，检查科技进步法实施情况，修改专利法等。常委会组成人员强调，我国粗放型增长方式已经难以为继，加快经济结构调整刻不容缓，国际金融危机冲击使得调整的任务更为凸显、更加紧迫。要正确处理解决当前困难与实现长远发展的关系，化严峻挑战为发展机遇，变市场压力为调整动力，牢牢把握扩大内需这一战略基点，把更多精力放到提高经济增长的质量和效益上来，使应对国际金融危机冲击的过程成为增强发展可持续性的过程。一要加快传统产业转型升级，大力发展战略性新兴产业和先进制造业，推动企业向产业链和利润高端调整。二要大力发展服务业特别是现代服务业，促进制造业与服务业、现代农业与服务业融合发展，提高服务业在国民经济中的比重。三要完善以企业为主体、市场为导向、产学研相结合的技术创新体系，推进科技与产业、科技与金融紧密结合，加大科技投入，着力突破关键核心技术，加快科技成果产业化，加强知识产权保护，推动经济增长更多依靠创新驱动。
First, keeping to the main thread of accelerating the change of the growth model, we worked for development in a scientific manner. In light of China’s prominent problems, such as a skewed industrial structure, weak capability for scientific and technological innovation, and lagging development of modern service industries, and in response to the impact of the global financial crisis, the Standing Committee, in addition to annually deliberating reports on the implementation of the plans for national economic and social development, also listened to and deliberated reports on responding to the financial crisis, changing the growth model, adjusting the economic structure,
developing the service and tourism industries, and the progress report on the implementation of the Eleventh Five-Year Plan. It also investigated compliance with the Law on Scientific and
Technological Progress and revised the Patent Law. Members of the Standing Committee stressed that China’s extensive growth model had already become unsustainable, it was imperative to
accelerate economic structural adjustment, and this task had been made more prominent and urgent by the global financial crisis. We should strike a balance between solving immediate difficulties and achieving long-term development, transform serious challenges into development opportunities, transform market pressure into an impetus for adjustment, adhere to the strategic focus of boosting domestic demand, and work harder than before to raise the quality and performance of economic growth, so that the process of combating the global financial crisis becomes a process of making our development more sustainable. One, we should accelerate transformation and upgrading of traditional industries, endeavor to develop strategic emerging industries and advanced
manufacturing industries, and elevate enterprises higher up industrial chains and make them more profitable. Two, we should energetically develop service industries, especially modern service industries, integrate their development with that of manufacturing and modern agriculture, and increase their share of the economy. Three, we should improve the technological innovation system that assigns enterprises the leading role, gets its orientation from the market, and connects
enterprises, universities and research institutes together, closely integrate science and technology with industry and banking, scale up investment in science and technology, strive to make
breakthroughs in key and core technologies, quicken the pace of industrial application of scientific and technological advances, and strengthen IPR protection, to make economic growth more innovation-driven.
完善社会主义市场经济体制，促进公有制经济和非公有制经济协调发展，是加快转变经济发展方式的重要内容。十届全国人大制定的物权法，体现社会主义初级阶段基本经济制度，确立了平等保护物权的原则。本届常委会制定企业国有资产法，保护国有资产权益，防止国有资产流失。还听取审议国有企业改革与发展、促进中小企业发展等报告，强调要毫不动摇发展公有制经济，推动国有资本向重要行业和关键领域集中，深化国有企业改革，健全国有资产监管体制和国有资本经营预算制度，营造有利于国有企业改革发展的良好舆论环境，不断增强国有经济控制力、影响力；要毫不动摇发展非公有制经济，着力改善中小企业发展环境，拓宽融资渠道，放宽市场准入，保证各种所有制经济依法平等使用生产要素、公平参与市场竞争、同等受到法律保护。
Improving the socialist market economy and promoting coordinated development of the public and non-public sectors of the economy are an important aspect of accelerating the change of the growth model. The Property Rights Law, enacted by the Tenth NPC, reflects our basic economic system in the primary stage of socialism and establishes the principle of equal protection of property rights for all. The Standing Committee of the Eleventh NPC enacted the Law on State-Owned Assets of Enterprises, which protects the rights and interests of state-owned assets and prevents their loss. After listening to and deliberating reports on reforming and developing state-owned enterprises (SOEs) and advancing development of small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs), we emphasized the need to unswervingly develop the public sector, concentrate state-owned capital in important industries and key areas, deepen SOE reform, improve the oversight system for state-owned assets and the budget system for state capital operations, cultivate public opinion favorable for SOE
reform and development, and increase the capacity of the state-owned sector to exercise control and influence. We also stressed the need to unwaveringly develop the non-public sector; work hard to improve the development environment of SMEs; broaden their financing channels; relax restrictions on their market access; and ensure that economic entities under all forms of ownership have equal access to factors of production in accordance with the law, compete on a level playing field and enjoy equal protection of the law.
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