常委会始终把推动解决―三农‖问题摆在重要位置。制定农村土地承包经营纠纷调解仲裁法，修改农业技术推广法，检查农业法等5部涉农法律实施情况，听取审议国家粮食安全、农田水利建设、促进农民稳定增收等6个报告，强调要落实最严格的耕地保护制度，切实保障农民土地承包经营权，加大对粮食主产区和农田水利建设投入，提高农业科技进步贡献率，发展专业化、标准化、规模化、集约化生产；完善强农惠农富农政策，加大财政―三农‖投入，加强现代农业建设，支持农民多渠道转移就业，推进社会主义新农村建设，推动城乡发展一体化。
The Standing Committee always placed importance on spurring the resolution of problems related to agriculture, rural areas and farmers. We enacted the Law on Mediation and Arbitration of Rural Land Contract Management Disputes; revised the Law on Disseminating Agricultural Technology; investigated compliance with the Agriculture Law and four other agriculture-related laws; and listened to and deliberated six reports on such issues as national food security, irrigation and water conservancy, and ensuring steady increase of farmers’ income. We emphasized the need to
implement the system of providing the strictest possible protection for farmland; effectively protect farmers’ contracted land-use rights; increase investment in main grain-producing areas and in construction on irrigation and water conservancy facilities; increase the share scientific and technological advances contribute to agricultural development; and develop specialized,
standardized, large-scale, and intensive production. We also stressed the need to improve the policy of boosting agriculture, benefiting farmers and increasing rural prosperity; increase government spending on agriculture, rural areas and farmers; strengthen development of modern agriculture; support farmers in finding nonagricultural employment through multiple channels; develop a new socialist countryside; and promote integrated development of urban and rural areas.
针对资源环境约束加剧的严峻挑战，常委会制定循环经济促进法，修改可再生能源法、水土保持法、清洁生产促进法，听取审议环境保护、水污染防治、土地和矿产资源管理等报告，开展环境影响评价法、清洁生产促进法、节约能源法执法检查，从法律层面和工作层面促进绿色发展、循环发展、低碳发展，推进社会主义生态文明建设。结合听取审议国务院应对气候变化工作情况报告，常委会作出关于积极应对气候变化的决议，进一步明确我国应对气候变化的指导思想、基本原则和措施要求，强调要坚持共同但有区别的责任原则，同国际社会一道积极应对全球气候变化。国务院高度重视贯彻常委会的决议，提出我国控制温室气体排放行动目标，既维护了我国的发展权益，又展示了良好的国际形象，得到国际社会的广泛好评。
In response to the severe challenges brought on by intensifying resources and environmental constraints, the Standing Committee enacted the Law on Promoting the Circular Economy and revised the Law on Renewable Energy, the Law on Water and Soil Conservation, and the Law on Promoting Clean Production. It listened to and deliberated reports on environmental protection, prevention and control of water pollution, and management of land and mineral resources, and it investigated compliance with the Environmental Impact Assessment Law, the Law on Promoting Clean Production and the Energy Conservation Law. All this work promoted green, circular and low-carbon development and socialist ecological progress by legislative means. After listening to and deliberating the State Council’s report on its response to climate change, the Standing
Committee adopted a resolution on actively addressing climate change, which further defined the guiding thought, basic principles and required measures in this area, and stressed the need to adhere to the principle of common but differentiated responsibilities and to actively cope with global climate change together with the international community. The State Council attached great
importance to implementing this resolution and set forth action targets for controlling greenhouse gas emissions, which not only safeguarded China’s development interests, but also projected its good image in the world and won widespread acclaim from the international community.
为贯彻党的十七届六中全会精神，常委会听取审议文化体制改革、文化产业发展等报告，并
制定非物质文化遗产法，开展文物保护法执法检查。常委会组成人员强调，促进文化大发展大繁荣，要坚持社会主义先进文化前进方向，坚持中国特色社会主义文化发展道路，坚持把社会效益放在首位，继续深化体制机制改革，完善公共文化服务体系，大力发展文化事业，积极发展文化产业，弘扬中华优秀传统文化，更好地满足人民精神文化需求。
To implement the guiding principles of the Sixth Plenary Session of the Party’s Seventeenth National Congress, the Standing Committee listened to and deliberated reports on reform of the cultural system and development of the cultural industry. It enacted the Intangible Cultural Heritage Law and investigated compliance with the Law on the Protection of Cultural Relics. Standing Committee members emphasized that to achieve great cultural development and enrichment, it is necessary to adhere to the orientation of advanced socialist culture and the socialist path of making cultural advances with Chinese characteristics, give high priority to social benefits, continue to deepen reform of cultural institutions and mechanisms, and improve the system of public cultural services. They also emphasized the need to greatly develop cultural programs, actively develop the cultural industry, promote fine traditional Chinese culture, and better satisfy people’s intellectual and cultural needs.
二是围绕加强和创新社会管理，促进社会和谐稳定。为推进网络依法规范有序运行，保护公民个人及法人电子信息安全，作出关于加强网络信息保护的决定。近些年来，网络技术迅猛发展、广泛运用，对促进经济社会发展发挥了重要作用，同时也带来很多严重问题。社会各方面强烈呼吁加强网络社会管理、严厉打击网络违法犯罪，全国人大代表也多次提出议案建议，要求尽快制定网络安全方面的法律。常委会认真总结网络发展和管理的实践经验，分析国外网络立法情况，广泛听取各方面意见，以法律形式保护公民个人及法人电子信息安全，确立网络身份管理制度，明确网络服务提供者的义务和责任，并赋予政府主管部门必要的监管手段。常委会的决定对促进社会和谐，维护国家安全和政治稳定，确保国家长治久安具有重要意义。
Second, we strengthened and made innovations in social management in order to promote social harmony and stability. We adopted a decision to strengthen Internet information protection in order to ensure the law-based and orderly operation of the Internet and protect the security of the
electronic information of citizens and legal persons. In recent years, the fast development and wide application of network technologies has been instrumental in stimulating economic and social development, but it has also given rise to many serious problems. There were extensive and loud calls in society for stronger social management of the Internet and crackdown on cybercrime. NPC deputies also put forth many bills and proposals, and demanded that a law on cyber security be enacted as soon as possible. The Standing Committee thoroughly reviewed practical experience in developing and managing the Internet, analyzed other countries’ legislation concerning the Internet, and solicited opinions from all sectors, and on this basis used statutory means to protect the security of the electronic information of citizens and legal persons and established the online ID
management system. It spelled out the obligations and responsibilities of Internet service providers and conferred necessary means of oversight and supervision on competent government departments. This decision of the Standing Committee is of great significance for promoting social harmony, safeguarding national security and political stability, and ensuring enduring peace and stability of the country.
常委会制定人民调解法，总结人民调解工作积累的好经验好做法，从法律上完善这一具有中国特色的非诉讼纠纷解决方式，明确人民调解与其他纠纷解决机制的关系，加强对人民调解工作的支持和保障，努力将民间纠纷和社会矛盾化解在基层，解决在萌芽状态。为预防和减少因医疗损害、环境污染、产品缺陷等引发的社会矛盾，在侵权责任法中对归责原则、赔偿范围及标准等作出明确规定，更好地起到平衡利益、定分止争的作用。为强化公共安全体系建设，及时修改道路交通安全法和消防法，听取审议相关工作报告，强调要坚持警钟长鸣、常抓不懈，加大交通肇事行为处罚力度，加大人员密集场所消防设施建设，大力整治安全隐
患，切实保障人民群众生命财产安全。为推动加强基层社会管理服务，开展城市社区建设有关问题专题调研，强调要充分发挥我国的政治优势和制度优势，强化基层党政组织、城乡社区群众自治组织社会管理和公共服务职能，努力提高社会管理科学化水平。
In enacting the People’s Mediation Law, the Standing Committee reviewed the good experience and methods of people’s mediation, incorporated into law this uniquely Chinese way of resolving
disputes without recourse to litigation, clarified its relationship with other mechanisms for resolving disputes, and strengthened support and guarantees for the work of people’s mediation, so as to resolve people’s disputes and social problems at the community level and nip them in the bud. To prevent and reduce social problems arising from medical misadventures, environmental pollution and defective products, the Standing Committee defined the principle of liability attribution and the scope and standards of compensation in the Law on Tort Liability, which will better help balance interests and resolve disputes. In order to strengthen the public safety system, we revised the Road Traffic Safety Law and the Fire Protection Law in a timely manner, and listened to and deliberated relevant work reports. We stressed the need to keep alert to potential risks, tirelessly deal with them, mete out heavier penalties to perpetrators of traffic accidents, better equip places with a high concentration of people with firefighting equipment, and eliminate latent hazards, in order to
effectively protect people’s lives and property. In order to enhance social management and services at the community level, we carried out investigations and studies on problems related to urban community development, and emphasized the need to make full use of China’s political and
institutional strengths, make community-level Party and government organizations and urban and rural community-based self-governing organizations better able to exercise social management and provide public services, and strive to make social management more scientific.
三是抓住改革发展面临的深层次矛盾，推动重要领域改革。改革开放以来，我国城乡居民收入不断增加、生活水平不断提高，但收入分配领域也逐渐积累了一些突出矛盾和问题。合理调整收入分配关系，既是事关全局的一项重大改革，也是转变经济发展方式的客观需要。常委会对此高度重视，2010年将国民收入分配问题作为调研的重点课题，提出尽快制订收入分配改革方案的意见和建议，为中央研究编制―十二五‖规划提供重要参考。2011年又着重就提高居民收入在国民收入分配中的比重、提高劳动报酬在初次分配中的比重、规范收入分配秩序、强化税收调节作用等问题，组织开展专题调研，要求有关方面认真落实―十二五‖规划纲要确定的目标任务，尽快扭转收入差距扩大趋势，形成合理有序的收入分配格局，使发展成果惠及全体人民。
Third, we helped advance reform in key areas with the focus on recondite problems in reform and development. Since the adoption of reform and opening up, the income of both urban and rural residents has risen and their lives have improved. However, some prominent conflicts and problems have emerged in income distribution. Properly adjusting income distribution is not only a major reform bearing on the overall situation, but also an objective requirement for changing the growth model. The Standing Committee attached great importance to this issue. In 2010, it listed national income distribution as a key topic for investigation and study, and made suggestions on formulating a plan as soon as possible for carrying out income distribution reform, which served as important reference material for the central leadership in drawing up the Twelfth Five-Year Plan. In 2011, the Standing Committee organized and carried out investigations and studies on raising the proportion of individual income in the national income, increasing the proportion of work remuneration in primary distribution, improving the way income is distributed and making better use of taxation in adjusting income. We called on everyone involved to conscientiously attain the objectives and fulfill the tasks of the Twelfth Five-Year Plan, narrow the growing income gap as soon as possible, and form a reasonable and orderly pattern of income distribution, so that everyone shares in the fruits of development.
针对调研中发现的一些地方政府融资平台公司数量多、举债融资不规范、不少地区和行业偿
债能力弱等问题，我们及时提出要高度重视防范和化解地方政府性债务风险。国务院于2010年12月部署地方政府性债务专项审计，并在2011年的审计工作报告中向常委会汇报了专项审计情况；与此同时，我们就化解地方政府性债务风险开展专题调研。常委会组成人员强调，要抓紧清理地方政府融资平台公司，对已形成的地方政府性债务要区别情况、分类处理，逐步化解地方政府性债务风险；地方政府性债务收支要纳入预算，接受同级人大审查和监督，地方各级预算要按照量入为出、收支平衡的原则编制，不能打赤字。
In light of problems we found during investigations and studies such as too many local government financing corporations, insufficient standardization of debt financing, and the inability of many regions and industries to repay their debts, we proposed that the government should work to guard against and defuse local government debt risks. The State Council began auditing local government debt in December 2010 and reported the results to the Standing Committee in its 2011 report on auditing work. At the same time, we conducted investigations and studies on how to defuse local government debt risks. Members of the Standing Committee stressed the need to promptly put local government financing corporations in order, deal with existing local government debts on the basis of their circumstances and type, and gradually defuse local government debt risks. They also
stressed the need for local governments to include revenue and expenditures of their debts in their budgets and subject them to review and oversight by the people’s congress at the same level, and for local governments to prepare their budgets on the basis of the principle of balancing accounts by keeping expenditures within the bounds of revenue and not allowing a deficit.
建立健全县级基本财力保障机制，关系到国家基层政权建设和经济社会发展大局。针对一些地方县级财政困难，2008年常委会在审查中央决算时提出，要力争用2至3年时间建立起以保工资、保运转、保民生为目标的县级基本财力保障机制。随后，就这个问题多次开展专题调研，并在2012年听取审议国务院相关报告。常委会组成人员对这些年县级基本财力保障工作取得的积极进展给予充分肯定，同时强调要进一步合理界定县级政府支出责任，提高一般性转移支付比重，大力发展县域经济，健全中央和地方财力与事权相匹配的体制，增强基层政府提供基本公共服务的能力。
Establishing a sound mechanism to ensure basic funding for county-level governments is essential for strengthening them and carrying out overall economic and social development. To help
county-level governments that have financial difficulties, when examining the final accounts of the central government in 2008, the Standing Committee declared that a mechanism ensuring payment of wages and salaries, normal government operations and people’s wellbeing should be established within two to three years to ensure basic funding for county-level governments. Then we conducted many investigations and studies, and listened to and deliberated the State Council’s report on this issue in 2012. While fully affirming the positive results in ensuring basic funding for county-level governments, members of the Standing Committee emphasized the need to properly define the spending responsibilities of county-level governments, raise the proportion of general transfer payments, vigorously develop county economies, progressively establish a system in which the financial resources of the central and local governments are in line with their responsibilities, and make these governments better able to provide basic public services.
2008年5月四川汶川特大地震灾害发生后，我们按照中央部署紧急行动，第一时间召开委员长会议，听取国务院专题汇报，根据特事特办原则，立足灾区实际需要，建议动用中央预算稳定调节基金，建立灾后恢复重建基金；6月份的常委会会议，专门听取审议国务院抗震救灾工作报告并作出决议，全力支持国务院和有关方面的工作，动员全国人民支援灾区、共克时艰，并批准2008年中央预算调整方案，为抗震救灾及恢复重建提供资金保障；12月份的常委会会议，在总结抗震救灾实践经验的基础上，对防震减灾法作出重大修改，为抗震救灾及恢复重建提供法律保障。
In the wake of the massive earthquake that hit Wenchuan, Sichuan Province, in May 2008, we sprang into action under the direction of the central leadership and held a meeting of the
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