Chairperson’s Council to listen to the State Council’s report on the earthquake. On the basis of the principle of taking special measures in special situations, we proposed that the central budget stabilization fund should be used to establish a fund for post-earthquake recovery and
reconstruction to meet the actual requirements of earthquake-devastated areas. At its June meeting, the Standing Committee listened to the State Council’s report on earthquake relief and adopted a resolution to fully support the work of the State Council and other parties and called on people throughout the country to support earthquake-hit areas and get through the hard times together. At the meeting we also approved the revision of the 2008 central budget to ensure funding for earthquake relief and post-earthquake recovery and reconstruction. Based on its review of the practical experience in earthquake relief, the Standing Committee made major revisions at its
December meeting to the Law on Protecting Against and Mitigating Earthquake Disasters, thereby providing legal guarantees for earthquake relief and post-disaster recovery and reconstruction.
香港特别行政区基本法、澳门特别行政区基本法的解释权属于全国人大常委会。常委会审议通过关于香港特别行政区基本法第十三条第一款和第十九条的解释，明确国家豁免属于外交事务范畴、决定国家豁免规则和政策属于中央的权力、香港特别行政区须遵循国家统一的国家豁免规则和政策。这是第一次由香港特别行政区终审法院在审理案件过程中，就基本法有关中央人民政府管理的事务和中央与特别行政区关系的条款，提请全国人大常委会进行解释。常委会审议通过关于澳门特别行政区基本法附件一第七条和附件二第三条的解释，明确修改澳门特别行政区行政长官和立法会产生办法的程序，并在认真审议澳门特别行政区行政长官提出的有关报告基础上，作出关于澳门特别行政区2013年立法会产生办法和2014年行政长官产生办法有关问题的决定。还分别对香港特别行政区、澳门特别行政区行政长官和立法会产生办法修正案给予批准或备案。常委会作出的有关解释和决定，确保了―一国两制‖方针贯彻落实，确保了两个基本法全面正确实施。
The power to interpret the Basic Law of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region (HKSAR) and the Basic Law of the Macao Special Administrative Region (MSAR) belongs to the NPC Standing Committee. The Standing Committee examined and approved the interpretations of
Paragraph 1 of Article 13 and of Article 19 of the Basic Law of the HKSAR, and made it clear that state immunity falls under the category of diplomatic affairs, that the power to decide rules and policies concerning state immunity belongs to the central government, and that the HKSAR must abide by unified state rules and policies on state immunity. This was the first time the Court of Final Appeals of the HKSAR, in the course of adjudicating a case, requested the Standing Committee to render an interpretation concerning articles of the Basic Law pertaining to matters administered by the Central People’s Government and relations between the central government and the special administrative region. The Standing Committee also examined and approved the interpretations of Article 7 of Annex I and Article 3 of Annex II of the Basic Law of the MSAR to clarify the
procedures for revising the methods for selecting the Chief Executive of the MSAR and forming its Legislative Council. On the basis of careful deliberation of a report by the Chief Executive of the MSAR, the Standing Committee adopted a decision on the methods for forming the Legislative Council of the MSAR in 2013 and selecting its Chief Executive in 2014. The Standing Committee approved or kept on file the amendments to the methods for selecting the chief executives of the HKSAR and MSAR and forming their legislative councils. These interpretations and decisions of the Standing Committee ensured the implementation of the principle of ―one country, two systems‖ and the comprehensive and correct implementation of the two basic laws.
三、把维护最广大人民根本利益作为人大工作的出发点和落脚点。在我国，国家的一切权力属于人民，人民是国家和社会的主人。人民通过各级人民代表大会行使国家权力，管理国家和社会事务、管理经济和文化事业。我们始终坚持人民主体地位，坚持走群众路线，从人民的实践创造中汲取智慧，从人民的发展要求中获得动力，努力使人大各项工作更好地反映民意、集中民智、贴近民生，实现好维护好发展好最广大人民的根本利益。
3. Making safeguarding the fundamental interests of the overwhelming majority of the people the starting point and objective of the work of the NPC
In China, all state power belongs to the people, and the people are the masters of the country and society. The people exercise state power and manage state and societal affairs and economic and cultural undertakings through people’s congresses at all levels. We always upheld the principal position of the people, adhered to the mass line, derived wisdom from their practices and creations, and drew motivation from their demands for development. We worked hard to make the NPC’s work better reflect the sentiments of the people, pool their wisdom and show concern for their wellbeing; and to realize, safeguard and develop the fundamental interests of the overwhelming majority of the people.
一是健全民主制度，发展人民民主。选举权是人民当家作主的基本权利。我们贯彻落实党的十七大精神，修改选举法，实行城乡按相同人口比例选举人大代表，保证各民族、各地区、各方面都有适当数量的人大代表，更好地体现人人平等、地区平等、民族平等。提出做好全国县乡人大换届选举和全国人大代表选举工作的指导意见，就十二届全国人大代表选举的有关法律问题作出决定。各地坚持党的领导、充分发扬民主、严格依法办事，全国县乡人大换届选举顺利完成，十二届全国人大代表顺利产生，代表结构进一步优化，为坚持和完善人民代表大会制度提供了坚实的组织保障。
First, we improved democratic institutions and developed people’s democracy. The right to vote is the people’s basic right as masters of the country. Following the guiding principles of the Seventeenth CPC National Congress, we revised the Electoral Law of the National People’s
Congress and Local People’s Congresses to ensure that deputies to people’s congresses are elected based on the same population ratio in both urban and rural areas, and that people’s congresses have an appropriate number of deputies from every ethnic group, region and sector, in order to more fully embody equality between all people, regions and ethnic groups. We formulated guidelines on electing new people’s congresses at county and township levels across the country and electing deputies to the NPC, and made a decision on legal issues concerning the election of deputies to the Twelfth NPC. All localities upheld the leadership of the Party, brought democracy into full play, and strictly complied with the law, and on that basis smoothly completed the election of their new
county and township people’s congresses and elected their deputies to the Twelfth NPC. The deputy mix was further improved. This provided a firm organizational guarantee for upholding and improving the system of people’s congresses.
基层民主制度是人民依法直接行使民主权利的重要制度保障。常委会修改村民委员会组织法，完善村委会选举和罢免程序，健全村民会议、村民代表会议等民主议事制度，强化信息公开、村务监督、民主评议等方面规定，保证基层群众更好地行使民主选举、民主决策、民主管理、民主监督的权利。检查工会法实施情况，强调要全心全意依靠工人阶级，健全企事业单位民主管理制度，保障职工的知情权、参与权、表达权、监督权。
Community-level democracy is an important institution ensuring that the people directly exercise their democratic rights in accordance with the law. The Standing Committee revised the Organic Law of Villagers’ Committees, improved procedures for electing and dismissing members of villagers’ committees, enhanced democratic procedural systems such as villagers’ congresses and villagers’ conferences, and strengthened regulations on transparency in and oversight and
democratic discussion of village affairs, in order to ensure that villagers better exercise their right to conduct democratic elections, decision-making, administration and oversight. We investigated compliance with the Trade Union Law, stressed the need to rely on the working class
wholeheartedly, and improved the democratic management system of enterprises and public
institutions to ensure their employees’ right to stay informed about, participate in, express views on and oversee their organization’s affairs.
二是加强社会领域立法和监督，保障和改善民生。为推进城乡社会保障体系建设，常委会制
定社会保险法，明确国家建立基本养老、基本医疗和工伤、失业、生育等社会保险制度，并对群众最为关心的基本养老保险关系转移接续，提高基本养老保险基金统筹层次，建立新型农村社会养老保险制度和新型农村合作医疗制度等作出原则规定。修改老年人权益保障法，适应我国人口老龄化趋势，确立社会养老服务体系的基本框架，逐步提高老年人保障水平。听取审议农村社会保障体系建设、社会救助工作情况报告，要求加快实现新型农村社会养老保险全国覆盖，逐步提高新型农村合作医疗补助标准，尽快解决失地农民社会保障等问题，切实保障城乡生活困难群众基本生活。还组织有关专门委员会就农村社会保障体系建设开展跟踪检查，并听取审议跟踪检查报告，有力地推动了相关工作，新农保参保人数从2010年初的3326万人增加到2012年底的4.6亿人。
Second, we strengthened social legislation and oversight to safeguard and improve people’s
wellbeing. The Standing Committee enacted the Social Insurance Law to advance development of the social security system for both urban and rural residents. The law clearly states that the state establishes a social security system that includes basic old-age insurance, basic medical insurance, workers’ compensation, unemployment insurance and maternity insurance. In addition, the Standing Committee also set forth provisions in principle on how to transfer basic old-age insurance accounts between localities, which is of the greatest concern to people; turn over unified management of basic old-age insurance funds to higher-level authorities; and establish a new old-age insurance system for rural residents and a new rural cooperative medical care system. In response to the aging of the population, we revised the Law on Guaranteeing the Rights and Interests of Senior Citizens so as to create the basic framework for a system of social services for seniors and progressively raise the level of guarantees. We listened to and deliberated reports on development of the rural social security system and on social aid, and set forth the requirements of quickly achieving full coverage of the new old-age insurance for rural residents, progressively raising government
subsidies for subscribers to the new rural cooperative medical care system, providing social security for landless rural residents as soon as possible, and ensuring that poor urban and rural residents can meet basic living expenses. We organized an NPC special committee to make a follow-up
investigation on development of the rural social security system, and listened to and deliberated their investigative reports. All this greatly spurred rural social security work, and the number of subscribers to the new rural old-age insurance system increased from 33.26 million at the beginning of 2010 to 460 million at the end of 2012.
住房、医疗和教育是人民群众十分关心的重大民生问题。常委会听取审议城镇保障性住房建设和管理、深化医药卫生体制改革进展情况报告，并开展专题询问，强调要建立可持续的保障性住房建设资金投入机制，严格区分保障性住房和改善性住房的界限，建立健全保障性住房公平分配和运营机制，真正使低收入住房困难户得到实惠；医药卫生体制改革要优先满足群众基本医疗卫生需求，着力解决群众反映强烈的―看病难‖、―看病贵‖问题。为规范义务教育，十届常委会修改了义务教育法，明确规定义务教育经费纳入财政预算，义务教育不收学费杂费，并就此开展执法检查，本届常委会又开展新一轮执法检查，重点推动落实义务教育经费保障机制。还听取审议国家中长期教育改革和发展规划纲要实施情况报告，强调要确保2012年国家财政性教育经费支出占国内生产总值的比重达到4%。
Housing, medical care and education are major issues concerning the wellbeing of the people and are of great concern to them. The Standing Committee listened to and deliberated reports on
building and managing government-subsidized urban housing and on progress in deepening reform of the medical and health care systems; conducted inquiries on these issues; and stressed the need to establish a mechanism of sustainable funding for building government-subsidized housing, strictly differentiate government-subsidized housing from second homes, and establish a sound mechanism for equitable distribution and operation of government-subsidized housing, in order to genuinely benefit low-income people with housing difficulties. The Standing Committee also emphasized that the reform of the medical and health care systems needs to give high priority to meeting people’s
demand for basic medical and health care and great efforts should be made to solve the problem of unaffordable and inadequate medical services, a problem people are very concerned about. To make compulsory education more standardized, the Standing Committee of the Tenth NPC revised the Law on Compulsory Education, which clearly stipulates that funding for compulsory education shall be included in government budgets and students receiving compulsory education shall be exempted from paying tuition and miscellaneous fees. The Standing Committee also investigated compliance with the law. This Standing Committee carried out more investigations for the same purpose, with the focus on promoting the implementation of the mechanism for ensuring funding for compulsory education. We also listened to and deliberated a report on the implementation of the National Medium- and Long-Term Plan for Education Reform and Development, and stressed the need to ensure that government spending on education should account for 4% of China’s GDP in 2012.
食品安全、饮用水安全关系人民群众身体健康和生命安全。针对食品非法添加、滥用食品添加剂等突出问题，常委会制定的食品安全法明确规定，只有在技术上确有必要、经过风险评估证明安全可靠的食品添加剂才能使用；确需使用食品添加剂的，必须严格执行食品安全标准规定的品种、范围和用量。还两次开展食品安全法执法检查，推动国务院及其有关部门健全食品安全统筹协调机制，完善食品安全标准体系，建立风险监测和评估机制，开展食品非法添加、滥用食品添加剂专项整治，依法查处了一批典型案件。为推动解决城乡居民饮用水安全问题，在听取审议国务院相关报告时，要求切实加强饮用水水源保护和管理，积极推进农村饮用水安全工程建设和城市供水管网改造，着力提升水源、水质监测能力和突发事件应急处置能力。
Food and drinking water safety is vital to people’s health and lives. To address serious problems of illegal use and misuse of food additives, the Standing Committee enacted the Law on Food Safety, which clearly stipulates that food additives may be used only if they are technically necessary and have been proved safe through risk assessment, and that when the use of a food addictive is
necessary, the type, scope and concentration of the food additive used must strictly conform with food safety standards. We conducted two rounds of inspections on compliance with the law. On our urging, the State Council and its relevant departments improved the mechanism for coordinating food safety work and the system of food safety standards, created a risk monitoring and assessment mechanism for food safety, carried out a campaign to stop the illegal use and misuse of food
additives, and investigated a number of prominent cases and brought the perpetrators to justice in accordance with the law. In order to help solve problems in ensuring drinking water safety for urban and rural residents, when we listened to and deliberated the State Council’s report on the issue, we called for effectively strengthening protection and management of drinking water sources,
energetically carrying out the project to ensure drinking water safety in rural areas, upgrading urban water supply networks, and improving capabilities to monitor the sources and quality of drinking water and respond to emergencies.
消除贫困、实现共同富裕，是社会主义的本质要求。为贯彻2011年中央扶贫开发工作会议精神，我们把推动扶贫开发作为监督工作的重要内容，深入大别山革命老区等地，实地了解连片特困地区群众所思所盼，立足当前、着眼长远，提出依托本地资源优势发展特色农业、开展农村金融改革试点、建设工业园承接产业转移、加强职业教育、完善基础设施等具体措施，并加强同国务院有关部门及地方政府的沟通协调，推动这些重大举措落到实处，努力探索革命老区脱贫致富、科学发展的新路子。常委会还听取审议少数民族和民族地区经济社会发展情况的报告，组织有关专门委员会开展调查研究，督促有关方面认真贯彻实施民族区域自治法，落实中央加快民族地区经济社会发展的政策措施，加大在基础设施建设、优势产业发展、基本公共服务、扶贫开发和生态保护等方面的支持力度，推进民族地区实现跨越式发展。 Eradicating poverty and bringing prosperity to all is an essential requirement of socialism. In
accordance with the guiding principles of the 2011 Central Work Conference on Poverty Alleviation
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