we still ask people to press the button because that enables accessible features,’’ said Glynn Barton, director of network management at Transport for London.
These features, such as blind tracks and hearable traffic signals, help people with visual disorder cross the road and only function when the button is pressed. As for the lights, a growing number of them are now combined and become a part of an electronic system that detects traffic and adjusts time frequency accordingly (giving priority to buses if they’re running late, for example), which means that pressing the button has no effect.
According to Langer, a Harvard psychologist, placebo buttons give us the illusion (错觉)of control — and something to do in situations where the alternative would be doing nothing. In the case of pedestrian crossings, they may even make us safer by forcing us to pay attention to our surroundings. “They serve a psychological purpose at the very least,” she added.
32. Why are the physical buttons still kept in some cities? A. Because it may cost money to replace them. B. Because they remain as memories of a city. C. Because do have real functions in traffic. D. Because they can result in reliable lights.
33. Which of the following word can replace the underline word “features” in Paragraph 4? A. Functions. B. Uses. C. Equipment. D. Facilities.
34. If you pressed a “placebo button” in London, what would happen? A. All traffic would be affected. B. Some kind of sound might appear.
C. Pedestrians came first to cross the road. D. “Green man” were bound to show up earlier.
35. What can we know about “palcebo buttons” from Langer’s words? A. They can really control traffic. B. They serve little functions. C. They may work mentally.
D. They can help the blind.
第二节(共5小题；每小题2分，满分10 分)
根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Now VAR technology is fully combined with the global game of soccer and made its debut (首次亮相) at the 2018 World Cup. 36 . It is actually a team who work together to review certain decisions made by the main judge by watching video replays.
The VAR team supported the judges from a centralized video room. The operators selected and provided the best angles from the relevant broadcast cameras plus two additional offside cameras. 37 . They will communicate with the judges only for clear and obvious errors or serious missed incidents. The judge can delay the restart of play at any time to communicate with the VAR team. 38 , the judge would start an official review. Then they will make a decision based on the information received from the VAR team.
39 . Some fans believe that VAR causes too many interruptions, disrupting the flow of the game. But others just want a fair match and to see the correct call no matter what. They argue disruptions already take place as angry players crowd around a judge following a controversial decision. 40 . With much money put into modern football, governing bodies are now under great pressure to see that the correct decisions are made on the pitch and VAR is a sure step in that.
A. VAR works as video judges
B. If one team is likely to win a game C. It is hard to avoid and VAR is necessary D. Now VAR has incurred heated discussion E. Once they decide an incident is reviewable
F. Throughout a match they are constantly checking for mistakes G. VAR can serve to remove such scenes and get the game moving again
第三部分 英语知识运用（共两节，满分45分）
第一节 完形填空（共20小题；每小题1.5分，满分30分）
阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出可以填入空白处
的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
A new family moved in next door and I got to meet the mother of the family, Lydia. Lydia is a (an) 41 . We started talking, and she was 42 about how bad her English was, but I didn’t care. I knew how hard it was to 43 a second language. I enjoyed chatting with Lydia as we watched our kids play.
It was what came next that 44 me: Lydia asked if I’d be 45 to help her with her English.
Now, I am not a teacher. But I 46 teachers, and I’m grateful for teachers, and it’s because I admire what they do so much that I was very, very 47 that I couldn’t do it myself.
But Lydia was sure that she wanted my help. I was 48 . I wasn’t sure my “help” was even 49 being called by that name.
50 because she asked me, I said “yes.”
And that was the beginning of our friendship. Lydia and I spent afternoons sitting together. She asked me questions when she had them - questions about 51 , but also questions about the new culture she found herself in. 52 , I asked my own questions, growing 53 about her home country and culture. We 54 over our shared faith and our struggles as mothers. When I complimented (恭维) her 55 , she began to teach me about Korean food, 56 leading to a shared trip to explore the Korean grocery stores in our city.
Because of Lydia, I learned more about my own hometown than I 57 could have learned by myself.
I’m still not sure that I’m any good as a 58 . But I’m grateful I said “ 59 ” when my neighbor asked me to help her with her English. That meant spending extra time with my neighbor, and that extra time meant she didn’t 60 just my neighbor. She became my friend.
41. A. American 42. A. confident concerned
43. A. understand 44. A. shocked 45. A. willing 46. A. hate 47. A. sad
B. remember B. struck B. ready B. fear B. anxious
C. teach
D. master D. grasped D. grateful D. admire D. uncertain
B. Korean
B. upset
C. native
D. woman
D.
C. apologetic
C. challenged C. nervous C. thank C. sure
48. A. doubtful 49. A. worth 50. A. And 51. A. life
B. faithful
C. enthusiastic
C. fruitful
D. optimistic
D. rewarding
B. useless
B. So
C. Yet
D.Or
D.
D.family
In
B. language
C. study
52. A. In addition succession
53. A. passionate 54. A. argued 55. A. skill cooking
56. A. fortunately 57. A. ever
B. In turn C. In return
B. curious B. combined
B. study
C. worried C. separated
D. excited
D. bonded
D.
C. manners
B. constantly B. never
C. eventually
C. hardly
D. successfully
D. forever
58. A. student 59. A. ok
B. teacher B. fine
C. speaker
C. sorry
D. friend
D. yes
60. A. remain B. change
C. regard D. promise
第Ⅱ卷
注意：用0.5毫米黑色签字笔将答案写在答题卡上。写在本试卷上无效。
第三部分 英语知识运用(共两节，满分45分) 第二节(共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分)
阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。 The Han people have its own spoken and written language-Chinese. Chinese belongs to the Han-Tibetan language family. It is the 61.________ (common) used language in China and among the largest languages in the world.
Written Chinese came out in 62._______ (it) earliest form approximately 6,000 years ago. The Chinese characters 63._______ (use) today, also called “Hanzi”, developed from those used in bones and tortoise shells more than 3,000 years ago. There are about 56,000 characters, of which only about 3,000 are in common use.
Mandarin is a category (种类) of Chinese 64._______ (dialect) spoken across most of northern and 65. _______ (southwest) China. The term “Mandarin” can also refer to Standard Mandarin, which 66._______ (base) on the Mandarin dialect spoken in Beijing. It is officially considered to be the standard for the People’s Republic
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