句子翻译（汉译英）
一．填空题（共35小题）
1．（2018?内江）五月份有31天． There are 31 days in May．
【解答】某处有某物There be + 名词． 天 day， 可数名词，要用复数形式．因为31days 是复数形式，故谓语动词要用are． 故答案为There are 31 days in May．
2．（2018?内江）明天别忘了带上你的外套． Don't forget to take your coat tomorrow． 【解答】根据句意，要用祈使句，否定句要用don't 开头． 忘记做某事forget to do sth． 带上take， 外套coat．
故答案为Don't forget to take your coat tomorrow．
3．（2018?内江）我看见Mary正在房间里安静地看书． I saw Mary reading quietly in the room． 【解答】看见某人正在做某事see sb． doing sth．是固定结构，安静地quietly，副词作状语，在房间里in the room；根据句意\我看见Mary正在房间里安静地看书\可知，要用一般过去时．
故答案为I saw Mary reading quietly in the room．
4．（2018?内江）这位老人非常激动，以致于不能清晰地讲话． The old man was so excited that he could not speak clearly．
【解答】这位老人The old man，非常…以至于so…that…，that引导结果状语从句，激动excited，清晰地讲话speak clearly；根据句意\这位老人非常激动，以致于不能清晰地讲话\可知，要用一般过去时．
故答案为The old man was so excited that he could not speak clearly．
5．（2018?内江）Mike 很喜欢中国．他来中国已经5年了． Mike likes China very much． He's been in China for five years．
【解答】喜欢like，非常very much，在某地多长时间have/ has been in，五年了for five years；根据句意\很喜欢中国．他来中国已经5年了\可知，前句用一般现在时，主语是三单，谓语动词用三单形式，后句用现在完成时．
故答案为Mike likes China very much． He's been in China for five years．
6．（2017?内江）现在操场上大约有1，000名学生． There are about 1000 students on the playground now． 第1页（共8页）
【解答】表示某处有某物、某人要用there be句型．一千学生1000 students， 在操场上on the playground．因为句中的主语是复数名词，故谓语动词要用复数形式are． 故答案为There are about 1000 students on the playground now．
7．（2017?内江）今天早上八点的时候，Mike正在追赶校车吗？ Was Mike chasing the school bus at eight this morning？ 【解答】根据句意，要用过去进行时．其构成是was/ were + doing． 追赶 chase． 今天早晨八点 at eight this morning．一般疑问句把助动词was 提前． 故答案为 Was Mike chasing the school bus at eight this morning？
8．（2017?内江）老师经常警告学生们不要在教室里吃东西． The teacher often warns students not to eat in the classroom．
【解答】根据句意，要用一般现在时．警告某人不做某事 warn sb． not to do sth． 在教室里 in the classroom．因为句子的主语是the teacher，是第三人称单数名词，故谓语动词要用三单，故谓语动词要加s．
故答案为The teacher often warns students not to eat in the classroom．
9．（2017?内江）如果你更加努力学习英语的话，你会取得更大的进步． If you work harder at English， you will make greater progress．
【解答】这是一个含有条件状语从句的复合句．If引导的条件状语从句，要用主将从现． 努力做某事work hard at sth． 取得更大进步make great progress．其中的hard 和great 要用比较级．
故答案为If you work harder at English， you will make greater progress．
10．（2017?内江）多么令人激动的一场篮球赛啊! What an exciting basketball game! 【解答】考查感叹句，感叹篮球赛要用what， 令人激动的exciting． 篮球赛basketball game． 故答案为 What an exciting basketball game! 11
．（
2016
?
内
江
）
Maria
每
天
上
学
要
花
15
分
钟． Mariaspendsfifteenminutesgoingtoschooleveryday ．
【解答】答案：Maria spends fifteen minutes going to school every day．
根据题干，可知spend doing花费…做某事；15分钟fifteen minutes；去上学go to school；每天every day，时态为一般现在时，主语是第三人称单数，所以动词要用单三式，故答案为Maria spends fifteen minutes going to school every day．
12．（2016?内江）你打算本周六去看望你的祖母吗？ Are you going to visit your grandpa this 第2页（共8页）
Saturday？ ．
【解答】答案：Are you going to visit your grandpa this aturday？
根据题干，\打算\说明是一般将来时，用be going to+动词原形表达；看望visit；本周六this Sunday，此句为一般疑问句，所以be动词要提前，故答案为Are you going to visit your grandpa this Saturday？
13．（2016?内江）这本书是在去年八月份由她翻译成英语的． The book was translated into Englishby byher last August ．
【解答】答案：The book was translated into English by her last August．
根据题干，被翻译成英语be translated into English，此处是被动结构be+过去分词；由她by her；去年八月last August；时态为一般过去时，故答案为The book was translated into English by her last August．
14．（2016?内江）他说他去过上海两次． He said he had been to Shanghai twice ． 【解答】答案：He said he had been to Shanghai twice．这里用宾语从句来表达，主句表达的是过去的动作，故用一般过去时he said后加宾语从句，从句本身表达的动作发生在过去，对现在造成一定的影响故用完成时，主句是一般过去时，从句用过去完成时had+过去分词，去过某地用had been to，twice两次，故答案是He said he had been to Shanghai twice． 15．（2016?内江）唐老师的帮助让我上大学成为了可能． Mr． Tang's help made it possible for me to go to college ．
【解答】答案：Mr． Tang's help made it possible for me to go to college．表达的是过去的动作，故用一般过去时，make it possible for sb to do sth让某人做某事成为可能，make的过去式made，主语Mr． Tang's help，go to college上大学，故答案是Mr． Tang's help made it possible for me to go to college．
16．（2015?内江）Mike通常在六点四十分吃早饭． Mike usually has breakfast at 6：40 ．
【解答】答案：Mike usually has breakfast at 6：40．这里是说通常usually做的事情用一般现在时，主语是Mike三单，吃早饭have breakfast，have的三单是has，usually放在has前，最后加上具体的时间点用at 6：40，故答案是Mike usually has breakfast at 6：40． 17．（2015?内江）你的钢笔买了多长时间了？ How long have you had this pen？ ． 【解答】答案：How long have you had this pen？
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所要翻译的句子是一个特殊疑问句，疑问词是how long，特殊疑问句的构成是：特殊疑问词+一般疑问句；提问一个动作延续了多长时间，通常用现在完成时，现在完成时的构成是：主语+have/has+动词的过去分词，且句中的谓语动词必须是延续性动词，\买\这个动词是瞬间动词，需转换成have才可延续，have的过去分词是had，故答案为：How long have you had this pen？
18．（2015?内江）刚才我看见张老师走进了他的办公室． I saw Mr Zhang enter his office just now． ． 【解答】答案：I saw Mr Zhang enter his office just now．
首先根据时间状语\刚才\now 判断句中的谓语动词\看见\发生在过去，所以用一般过去时，see的过去式是saw；句式\看见某人做了某事\用see sb．do sth（用do作宾语补足语表示看见动作发生的全过程），短语\进入他的办公室\（enter是及物动词），故答案为：I saw Mr Zhang enter his office just now． 19．（2015?内江）电视是什么时候发明的？ When was the TV invented？ ． 【解答】答案：When was the TV invented？
需要翻译的句子是一个特殊疑问句，疑问词是when，特殊疑问句的构成是：特殊疑问词+一般疑问句语序；主语电视the TV是谓语动词\发明\的承受者，所以用被动语态，另外\发明电视\这件事发生在过去，用一般过去时，一般过去时被动语态的构成是：主语+was/were+动词的过去分词，主语是单数名词，be动词用was，invent的过去分词是invented，故答案为：When was the TV invented？
20．（2015?内江）我今天上午实在太累了以致于在上语文课时睡着了． This morning I was so tired that I fell asleep in the Chinese class． ． 【解答】答案：This morning I was so tired that I fell asleep in the Chinese class．
首先根据时间状语\今天上午\，判断句中的两个动作\累了\和\睡着了\都用过去式，观察汉语，其中后面的\睡着了\是前面\太累了\的结果，且\累了\是形容词tired，所以用句式：so…that 连接前后，构成一个含有结果状语从句的复合句．注意两个短语①睡着了fall asleep（fall过去式fell）②在语文课上in the Chinese class，故答案为：This morning I was so tired that I fell asleep in the Chinese class．
21．（2014?内江）我认为五十年后将有更多的污染． I think there will be/is going to be more pollution in 50 years ．
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【解答】I think there will be/is going to be more pollution in 50 years
22．（2014?内江）这座桥有300米左右长． The bridge is about 300 meters long （ in length ）． ．
【解答】81．The bridge is about 300 meters long （ in length ）．
23．（2014?内江）你介不介意不要在公共场所吸烟？ Do/would you mind not smoking in public places/in public？ ．
【解答】根据\介意做某事\．否定形式是动名词前加not．故填：Do/would you mind not smoking in public places/in public？
24．（2014?内江）瞧，雨下的多大啊！ Look，how heavily it is raining! ． 【解答】Look，how heavily it is raining!
25．（2014?内江）在许多人面前说话使我感觉紧张． Talking/Speakingin front of many/a lot of people makes me feel nervous/tense． It makes me feel nervous/tense to talk/speak in front of many/a lot of people． ．
【解答】81．Talking/Speaking in front of many/a lot of people makes me feel nervous/tense． It makes me feel nervous/tense to talk/speak in front of many/a lot of people．
26．（2013?内江）Smith医生要求John戒酒． Doctor Smith told/asked John to give up/stop drinking （wine）．/Doctor Smith/told/asked John not to drink （wine） any longer\\more． ． 【解答】答案：Doctor Smith told/asked John to give up/stop drinking （wine）．/Doctor Smith told/asked John not to drink （wine） any longer/more．
根据汉语意思Smith医生要求John戒酒． 可理解为\让某人干某事\其英文表达为\ sb to do sth，\其中drink可作为不及物动词意为\喝酒\，也可作为及物动词和\酒\组成动宾短语drink wine，意为\喝酒\，又知give up/stop doing sth 意为\放弃或停止做某事，故戒酒可译为give up/stop drinking （wine）根据该句描述是过去的事情，故用一般过去时，其结构为主语+动词的过去式+其它，主语Smith医生的英文表达为\Smith\和ask的过去式分别为told和asked，可译为Doctor Smith told\\asked John to give up/stop drinking （wine）．再根据汉语意思Smith医生要求John戒酒．也可理解为\让某人不要再干某事\其英文表达为\，所用时态和相关短语同上，可译为．Doctor Smith/told/asked John not to drink （wine） any longer/more．故答案为Doctor Smith told\\asked John to give up/stop drinking （wine）．/Doctor Smith/told/asked John not to drink （wine） anylonger/more．
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27．（2013?内江）我们城市有越来越多的游客． There are more and more tourists\\visitors in our city.\\Our city has more and more tourists\\visitors． ．
【解答】答案：There are more and more tourists\\visitors in our city.\\Our city has more and more tourists\\visitors．
根据汉语意思\我们城市有越来越多的游客\可知描述的是现在的情况，故用一般现在时，可用There be句型意为\有\表示\人或事物的存在\其结构为There be+主语+地点，\越来越多的\英文表达为\在句中作定语修饰名词游客，又知主语\游客\的英文表达为tourist/visitor，为可数名词，根据表达的意思应用其复数形式\根据在一般现在时主语是第三人称复数故动词be用are，\我们城市\在句中表示地点故前面加介词in，其英文表达为\our city\套用该句型可译为There are more and more tourists\\visitors in our city．该句子也可用have来表示\有\，其结构为主语+have/has+其它，时态和其它部分的翻译同上，主语为\我们的城市\为第三人称单数，在一般现在时中主语是第三人称单数，谓语动词也用第三人称单数形式，故用has，可译为Our city has more and more tourists\\visitors．故答案为There are more and more tourists\\visitors in our city.\\Our city has more and more tourists\\visitors．
28．（2013?内江）他告诉我说他见过李华很多次了． He told me he had seen\\met Li Hua （for） many\\several\\lots of\\a lot of times． ．
【解答】答案：He told me he had seen\\met Li Hua （for） many\\several\\lots of\\a lot of times． 根据汉语意思\他告诉我说他见过李华很多次了．\可知该句要用含有宾语从句的复合句来翻译，\告诉某人\的英文表达为tell sb，结合汉语意思可知此动作发生在过去，应用一般过去时；一般过去时的结构为主语+动词的过去式+其它，故主句谓语动词tell要用told，\我\作tell的宾语故用人称代词宾格me，主句译为He told me\见过某人\的英文表达为meet/see sb，这个动作发生在\告诉\之前，即表达过去的过去，故宾语从句中用过去完成时其结构为had+动词的过去分词，meet和see的过去分词分别为met/seen故译为had met/seen，\很多次\中次数\为可数名词，英文表达有很多（for） many\\several\\lots of\\a lot of times．故从句可译为he had seen\\met Li Hua （for） many\\several\\lots of\\a lot of times，故答案为He told me he had seen\\met Li Hua （for） many\\several\\lots of\\a lot of times． 29．（2013?内江）科学家发现在太空旅游是有可能的． Scientists find/found/have found it possible to travel in space．（Scientists find/have found it's possible to travel in space．） ． 【解答】答案．Scientists find/found/have found it possible to travel in space．（Scientists
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find/have found it's possible to travel in space．）
根据汉语意思\科学家发现在太空旅游是有可能的．\可知该句有两种表达方式一种是简单句，结构为主语+find+it+形容词+动词不定式，另外一种是find后接that引导的宾语从句的复合句，从句的结构为it+be+形容词+动词不定式，意为\做某事是…\，其中形容词\可能的\的英文表达为possible，\太空旅游\的英文表达为\根据表达的意思可用一般现在时，一般过去时，现在完成时均可，根据不同的时态在简单句中谓语动词find的形式分别为 find/found/have found 套用结构，可译为Scientists find/found/have found it possible to travel in space．在复合句中主句是一般现在时或现在完成时从句可用一般现在时，套用结构可译为Scientists find/have found it's possible to travel in space．．故答案为Scientists find/found/have found it possible to travel in space．（Scientists find/have found it's possible to travel in space．）
30．（2013?内江）当我小的时候，我父母经常带我去我家附近的公园． When I was a child\\young，my parents often took me to the park near my home ．
【解答】答案：When I was a child\\young，my parents often took me to the park near my home． 根据汉语意思可知该句是一个含有时间状语从句的复合句，根据描述的是过去的事情，故时态用一般过去时，故该从句译为When I was a child\\young，根据主句的时态和从句一致，故主句也用一般过去时，其中主语为\，take的过去式为took，故主句译为my parents often took me to the park near my home．故答案为When I was a child\\young，my parents often took me to the park near my home．
31．（2012?内江）上周，我在成都见到了我的第一位数学老师，张华先生． Last week，I met my first math teacher，Mr．Zhang Hua，in Chengdu ．
【解答】答案：Last week，I met my first math teacher，Mr．Zhang Hua，in Chengdu．上周用last week来表达放句首，是过去的时间，整个句子用一般过去时，见到用meet的过去式met，后直接加上sb，表示遇见某人，第一位用序数词first，我的第一位数学老师用my first math teacher，作为met的宾语，故I met my first math teacher，张华先生在这里用Mr．Zhang Hua作为my first math teacher的同位语，用逗号隔离开，最后加上地点状语in Chengdu，故答案是Last week，I met my first math teacher，Mr．Zhang Hua，in Chengdu 32．（2012?内江）刚才，我听见魏芳在隔壁房间读英语． Just now，I heard Wei Fang reading English in the next room． ．
【解答】答案：Just now，I heard Wei Fang reading English in the next room．刚才用固定
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短语just now放句首，表示过去的时间，故整句用一般过去时，听见某人在做某事用hear sb doing sth，hear的过去式是hear，读英语用read english，加上主语I，地点状语在隔壁房间用in the next room，故答案是Just now，I heard Wei Fang reading English in the next room
33．（2012?内江）操场上有许多学生在打篮球． There are a lot of students playing basketball on the playground． ．
【解答】答案：There are a lot of students playing basketball on the playground．中文是说操场上有许多学生在打篮球，英文中 there be sb/sth doing sth表示某地有某人或某物正在做某事，这里是正在发生，用现在进行时，许多学生用a lot of students是复数，故用be动词are，打篮球用play basketball，在操场上用 on the playground，故答案是There are a lot of students playing basketball on the playground．
34．（2012?内江）这辆车太便宜了，我可以买下来． This car is too cheap，I can buy it ． 【解答】答案：This car is too cheap，I can buy it．我们分成两个简单句来翻译，这里是说客观事实应用一般现在时，这辆车太便宜了，便宜用形容词cheap加上too表示太便宜了，加上主语this car 是单数，谓语应为is，故This car is too cheap．第二句我可以买下来，用情态动词can表示可以，后加动词原形buy表示买，it替代上文出现的this car，故I can buy it，故答案This car is too cheap，I can buy it．
35．（2012?内江）当我到达那儿时，Andy已经离开去香港了． When I got there，Andy had already gone to Hong Kong． ．
【解答】答案：When I got there，Andy had already gone to Hong Kong．从中文含义得知这里是过去的事情，所以用过去的某个时态，再者这里有两个动作\到达\和\去…\，这两个动作\去…\这个动作先发生，表示过去的过去，用过去完成时had+过去分词，离开去了某地用has/have gone to，故过去完成时是had gone to，已经用already，加上主语Andy，加上地点Hongkong，故主句为Andy had already gone to Hong Kong．\到达\这个动作后发生用一般过去时，get to表到达，过去式是got to，再者这里是到达那儿，there那里，是副词，前面的介词to需省略，故got there，加上主语I，表示当…时用when引导的时间状语从句，故从句为When I got there，故答案是When I got there，Andy had already gone to Hong Kong
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