receive from a university education. These benefits include the opportunity to get good jobs in the future, and this course leads to higher pay and a more comfortable lifestyle.
But is it that simple？It’s true that university graduates may get better jobs, but this clearly means that they will then pay higher taxes(税)，which contribute to the economy of the whole country. So, isn’t adding further increases to university fees in effect asking students to pay twice？Many students already have to take out loans(贷款)to pay for general living costs. This can result in them getting heavily into debt. A report shows that the average student debt already runs into thousands of pounds. Furthermore, many students have to depend on their parents to pay for their education.
On the other hand, the recent increase in university fees has come at the wrong time. It will discourage some students from going to university because they simply cannot afford it. Already many young people are questioning the value of a university education. Everyone seems to have a degree these days, they say, so when they graduate from university, they cannot be sure they will get a well-paid job. Therefore the decision to raise university fees will almost certainly affect the student intake, leading to a drop in numbers.
The suggested increase in fees is unfair to students. Many are already having problems dealing with debt. There’s nothing wrong with asking students to contribute to the costs of a university education，but the suggested increase is too much. We should call on the government to reconsider their decision or risk losing a generation of educated young people.
【解题导语】 本文是一篇议论文。政府宣布新学年大学学费增加，这激怒了计划去读大学的学生。
1．Paragraph 2 is mainly about________． A．education in western countries B．why university fees have increased C．the benefits of a university education D．how to get a good university education
C 解析：段落大意题。由第二段中的These benefits include the opportunity to get good jobs in the future, and this course leads to higher pay and a more comfortable lifestyle.可知，该段主要阐述了学生从大学教育中得到的益处。
2．We learn from Paragraph 3 that________．
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A．many parents refuse to pay for students’ education B．many students are deeply in debt due to university fees C．university graduates contribute the most to the economy D．university graduates pay twice as much tax as other people
B 解析：细节理解题。由第三段中的Many students already have to take out loans(贷款)．..the average student debt already runs into thousands of pounds.可知，由于支付大学费用，很多学生已经负债累累。
3．What is the author’s attitude toward the increase in university fees? A．Encouraging. C．Optimistic.
B．Unconcerned. D．Unfavorable.
D 解析：观点态度题。由最后一段中的unfair和the suggested increase is too much以及最后一句可知，作者反对增加大学学费。
Ⅱ 语法填空
Until about 250 years ago, people did not take dirt as seriously as they do now.1.____________(clean) often took place in spring. At that time，the furniture was moved aside, and all the things in the house were cleaned.Carpets were taken outside and had the dust 2.____________(beat) out of them.It was an exhausting and 3.____________(mess) process.
The industrial revolution 4.____________(bring) about a major change.New products became available to make homes cleaner.This in turn led to the development of further products, one of 5.____________was the vacuum cleaner(真空吸尘器)．It was said that when one of the first vacuum cleaners 6.____________(show), a kind scientist advised the proud inventor，“Make it suck(吸), not blow.”
The first vacuum cleaners appeared in the 1860s in the United States.Operated by hand pumps(泵)，they were not convenient.It was only when electric motors(电动机) became advanced7.____________vacuum cleaners became common.Most of today’s major8.____________(brand) were born in the 1920s.
The dirt that vacuum cleaners suck up at home is9.____________(most) dead skin cells.A much smaller part comes from dust and soil carried into the house 10.____________outside.
【解题导语】 本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了吸尘器的由来与发展。 1．Cleaning 解析：考查非谓语动词。动名词做主语，故填Cleaning。
2．beaten 解析：考查非谓语动词。dust与beat为被动关系。have sth.done意为“让某物被……”，故填beaten。
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3．messy 解析：考查形容词。修饰名词需要用形容词，故填messy，意为“凌乱的”。 4．brought 解析：考查动词的时态。结合语境可知，这里讲述过去发生的事情，故用一般过去时。
5．which 解析：考查非限制性定语从句的关系代词。which指代主句中的products。 6．was shown 解析：考查动词的时态和语态。根据上下文可知，讲述过去，用一般过去时，且show与主语为被动关系，故填was shown。
7．that 解析：考查强调句。It is/was...that...强调句型，句意为“当电动机变得先进时，吸尘器才流行起来”。
8．brands 解析：考查名词。brand为可数名词，根据most of结构可知，这里用复数形式。
9．mostly 解析：考查副词。mostly意为“大部分”，用于强调。 10．from 解析：考查介词。from outside指来自外面的。 Ⅲ 短文改错
In my closet, there is a wooden box where is filled with clothes.For years, the size of the clothes has been using as a weight-loss goal by me. One day, my 13-year-old daughter begged have a look at it.Excited to save money on my back-to-school clothes, I told her to pick a few piece.She
pulled out the old jacket and put it on.It was not suitable for her so it was too big.I was just about to comment when she buried with her face in the jacket and breathe deeply.“It smells like you，”she said happy.I no longer care if I ever fit into those clothes again.
答案：
whereIn my closet, there is a wooden box is filled with clothes.For years,
that/whichusing
the size of the clothes has been as a weight-loss goal by me. One day, my 13
used∧my
-year-old daughter begged to have a look at it.Excited to save money on herpiecethe
back-to-school clothes, I told her to pick a few . She pulled out old jacket
piecesanso
and put it on.It was not suitable for her it was too big.I was just about becauseto comment when she buried with her face in the jacket and
breathe
deeply.“It
breathed
happy
smells like you，”she said .I no longer care if I ever fit into those clothes
happily
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again.
阅读强化训练(四) (建议用时：25分钟)
Ⅰ 阅读理解
If you’ve ever seen old black-and-white photographs from long, long ago, the faces in those old photos would seem to confirm a sad existence：there’s rarely a smile to be found anywhere.Was life back then really that bad? Or is there another explanation for the lack of smiling faces in old photos?
Some people believe it’s because people long ago had really bad teeth. Did people simply refuse to smile for the camera because they didn’t want to show their discolored or missing teeth？It’s possible, although some experts doubt that’s a primary reason.Since everyone back then would have had similar oral health issues, people themselves probably weren’t aware of it.
Another possible factor is technology：the earliest cameras required long exposure(暴露) time to capture a photograph. Some believe people simply couldn’t hold a smile for that long, so they instead chose a more solemn expression that they could maintain for a longer time.Experts point out, however, that much shorter exposure time came about long before smiles became common in photos.
Some experts believe the lack of smiles in old photos is a result of historical views on smiling.In today’s world where the “selfie” is so common，smiles have something to do with happiness and well-being.In the distant past, wide smiles were often seen as signs of madness, loudness, or other undesirable traits.This historical view of smiling is shown in portraits(肖像) that were painted in the hundreds of years before cameras came into existence.Hundreds of years ago, a portrait was, for most people, a once-in-a-lifetime chance to be kept on canvas forever.
A solemn expression was considered a dignified(有尊严的) way to be represented forever, and it was better than a stupid wide smile that might make someone question your mental health.Experts believe this same view probably influenced the earliest photographs, which usually tried to imitate the painted portrait as an art form.
Today，smart phones and cameras are widely used.Smiles, even funny faces, are easily seen in today’s photos.After all, taking photographs is no longer a once-in-a-lifetime opportunity!
【解题导语】 本文是一篇说明文。作者从多个角度探讨了为什么在老照片里很少见到人们的笑脸。
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