Unit Two — Text A
Conversational Ballgames I．Words & Expressions
1. conversation—an informal talk
e.g. He told the newspapermen about the conversation, but would not play them the actual tape of it.
他向新闻记者讲了这次谈话的情况，却不愿把实况录音磁带放给他们听。 The band drowned our conversation.
乐队的演奏声把我们谈话的声音淹没了。
The professor invited his students to his home for conversation. 教授邀请学生们到自己家里会晤。
【语法用法】
在说“跟??进行谈话”可以说“hold或have a conversation，不能说take a conversation。 e.g. I found it dnot easy to make conversation with her.
在这里make不可以改成hold或have。
【词义辨析】
conversation, dialogue, talk, chat 这些名词均含“交谈”之意。
conversation: 一般用词，指两个或更多人互相交换意见的交谈。 dialogue: 指“对话”。
talk: 普通用词，可与conversation换用，指正式交谈。
chat: 指熟人之间非常随便的交谈，强调谈话的亲密和非正式性
2. startle—make suddenly surprise or slightly shocked e.g. The least noise would startle the timid child.
最小的响声也会吓着这个胆小的孩子的。 He was startled by the news. 这消息使他大吃一惊。 He gave me a startle. 他吓了我一跳。
【词义辨析】 surprise, amaze, astonish, startle
这些动词均含“使惊愕，使惊讶，使惊奇”之意。
surprise: 普通用词，多指因未预料或意外的事而引起的惊奇之感。
amaze: 语气较强，指因认为不可能或极少可能发生情况的出现而感到惊讶或迷惑不解。 astonish: 语气较强，指出乎预料，意外发生，但又无法解释而感到惊奇。 startle: 指因突然的惊吓或意料不到的刺激等而使人惊跳或震惊。
3. halt—a stop or pause e.g. The car screeched to a halt with grinding brakes.
汽车停住时发出刺耳的刹车声。
The strike brought industry grinding to a halt. 由於罢工生产逐渐停顿下来。 He tried to bring that debate to a halt. 他试图使这场辩论停止。 The soldiers halted for a rest.
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Unit Two — Text A
士兵们停下来休息。
The car came to a halt just in time to prevent an accident. 汽车及时停下，避免了一场车祸。
【词义辨析】
cease, pause, stop, halt, quit, end 这些动词均含有“停止”之意。
cease: 指逐渐、徐徐中止某种状态的存在。书面用词。 pause: 指暂时的、瞬间的停顿，隐含有再进行之意。
stop: 指动作、运行、进展等被停下来，含突然、断然的意味。 halt: 侧重突然地、决定性地终止、停止某一活动。
quit: 指最终彻底停止某事，有时暗示遭到失败或面临挫折。 end: 多指“自然的结束”。如： The book ends on page 364． 该书在第364页结束。
4. handle—deal with e.g. The speaker was roughly handled by the mob.
演说者受到暴民的粗暴对待。
I was impressed by her handling of the affair. 我觉得她对此事的处理很了不起。
An officer must know how to handle his men. 当军官的应懂得怎样统率士兵
Gelignite is dangerous stuff to handle. 葛里炸药是不可随便触碰的危险材料。 We don't handle that sort of book. 我们不经销那一类书。
He's not a very good teacher---he doesn't know how to handle children. 他不是一个好的老师---他不懂得如何对待孩子。 Customers are asked not to handle the goods in the shop. 请顾客不要触摸商店里的货物。
Pick up the typewriter case by the handle. 抓住把手，把打字机箱子拿起来。
【词义辨析】
deal with, cope with, dispose of, manage, handle 这些动词或短语都含有“处理”，“对付”之意。
deal with: 既可指处理具体事情，也可指处理或解决具有抽象意义的问题。cope with: 指成功地处理或对付更为重大，更为严重的问题或事物。 dispose of: 与deal with同义，普通用法。
manage: 指处理日常事务与工作，也可指经营管理。 handle: 从原义“手柄”，转引申为作“处理”解时，其内涵是管理和操纵。
4. challenge--n. 挑战; v. 向 ... 挑战 e.g. The time was ripe for a challenge to the power of the government.
时机已经成熟，可以向政府权力提出挑战了。
They had challenged and beaten the best team in the world. 他们曾向世界上最强的球队挑战并将他们打败。
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Unit Two — Text A
This career offers a challenge. 这份职业具有挑战性。
Nowadays no one will challenge the fact that the earth is round. 现在没有人会对地球是圆的这一事实提出异议。
5. responsible-- adj. 有责任的, 责任重大的, 负责的, 可靠的 e.g. Our teacher is a very responsible person.
我们的老师是一个非常可靠的人。
She holds a very responsible position in the firm. 她在公司里身居要职。
Who's responsible for the terrible mess? 谁应该对这种混乱负责？
【语法用法】
① be responsible for表示“对??负责任”，它的主语不一定是人，这种用法在美式英语中较常
见。
. The cold weather is responsible for his absence.
冷空气对他的缺席有一定的责任。 ② the person responsible表示“负责人”。 I want to see the person responsible.
我想见负责人。 ③ responsible后面可跟that从句。 The writer of a letter is responsible that it will be understood by its recipient.
写信的人有责任让收信人读懂信的意思。
④ 一般来说，be responsible to后跟人，指“对某人负责”，而be responsible for后跟物，指“对
某事负责”。
错句: We must be responsible to the students' behaviour.
订正: We must be responsible for the students' behaviour. 翻译: 我们要对学生的行为负责。
分析: be responsible to后跟人，指“对某人负责”，而be responsible for后跟物，指“对某事负责”。
6. previous—coming before in time or order
e.g. Have you had previous career experience?
你过去有过工作经验吗？
Previous to the conference we had discussed the matter among ourselves. 在会议之前，我们讨论了这个问题。
【词义辨析】
previous, foregoing, preceding, prior, former 这些形容词均可表示“在前的”之意。
previous: 指时间上、顺序上较早的，或指正在谈论的某事的前一个。 foregoing: 指前所述的，是following的反义词。 preceding: 特指时间和地位上紧接在前。
prior: 与previous同义，常可换用，但prior有时强调更大的重要性，对比意味强。 former: 系latter的反义词，比prior更着重对比。
6. register-- v. 记录, 登记, 注册, 挂号; n. 暂存器, 记录, 登记簿; n. [语]语域, [音]音域通风调节设备
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Unit Two — Text A
e.g. Her face registered dismay.
她脸上流露出惊慌的神色
He slammed the door to register his disapproval. 他砰的一声把门关上以示不满。 Each class has a register of 50 students. 每班有50名学员注册。
The car was registered in my name. 汽车是用我的名字登记注册的。
【语法用法】
① register作动词指“挂号”时，动词主语可用寄信人或邮局职员。
I want to register this letter. ② “have this letter registered”，registered属于被动语态，表示”使这信被挂号；③ register作动词表示“登记，注册”时，后跟介词with。
All the local newspapers should be registered with the municipal authorities.
所有地方性报纸都应到市政部门注册登记。 ④ register作动词还可以指“表示”。
Let me register my admiration for your work.
请允许我对你的工作表示赞赏。 ⑤ register office指“登记处”，在英式英语的口语中还经常使用registry office。
7. snatch—get hold of (sth.) hastily; take in a hurry, esp. forcefully e.g. He snatched up his gun and fired.
他突然拿起枪来射击。
The hawk snatched the chicken and flew away. 老鹰抓住小鸡飞走了。
8. switch—change e.g. Long lectures really switch me off.
我觉得冗长的演讲很烦人。
Our glasses have been switched this is mine. 咱们的玻璃杯对调了－－这个是我的。
II. Language Focus
1. for a while—for some time; for a period of time e.g. Now that I am free, I can enjoy music for a while.
既然有空，我可以享受一下音乐。 Could you please keep silent for a while? 你能不能清静一会儿?
Would you care to sit down for a while? 你要不要坐一会呢？
She has been playing with her handkerchief for a while when the meeting began. 她玩弄手帕好一会儿，会开始了。
Now we are busy. Lay that problem aside for a while, please. 现在我们很忙，请把好个问题暂时搁在一边吧。 She lay musing for a while.
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