语法专项突破
代词
一、考点梳理
考点一 人称代词
人称代词即代指对人或物的称呼的词(你、我、他等),分为主格和宾格两种形式。 分类 单数 复数 例句 I, I'm a teacher. 主格 you, we,you,they 人我是一名教师。 he,she,it 称I know him. 代me, 我认识他。 词 宾格 you, us,you,them Look at me. him,her,it 看着我。 考点二 物主代词 1.物主代词的分类 形容词性物主代词 名词性物主代词 人称 单数 复数 单数 复数 my our mine ours 第一人称 your your yours yours 第二人称 his his her their hers theirs 第三人称 its its 2.物主代词的用法 (1)形容词性物主代词具有形容词的特性,在句中用作定语,后面必须接名词。 This is my bag.这是我的书包。
(2)名词性物主代词具有名词的特性,后面不能再跟名词。它相当于“形容词性物主代词+名词”。在句中可作主语、宾语或表语。
—Whose bike is this?这是谁的自行车? —It's mine.是我的。(mine=my bike) 考点三 反身代词
反身代词就是代指某人自己,单数以-self结尾,复数以-selves结尾。
考点四 不定代词
不明确指代某个(些)人、某个(些)事物的代词叫不定代词。 作用 在句中可以作主语、表语、宾语和同位语等 不both,all,many,much,one,other,each,another,either,定a few,a little,some(someone,somebody,something),肯定性 代分类 any(anyone,anybody,anything),every(everyone,词 everybody,everything) 否定性 no,neither,none,nobody,nothing,few,little 考点五 指示代词 指示代词有单数形式的this与that和复数形式的these与those。指示代词的用法主要有以下几点:
1.this和these指时间或空间较近的人或物,也指下文将要提到的事,还可用来介绍别
人;that和those指时间或空间较远的人或物,也指刚刚提到过的事。
This is my bike and that is yours. 这是我的自行车,那一辆是你的。
Do remember this:Never put off what you can do today till tomorrow. 一定要记住这一点:今日事今日毕。
This is my friend,Bob.这是我的朋友鲍勃。
2.打电话时用this介绍自己,用that询问对方。 This is Sally speaking.Is that Linda? 我是萨莉,你是琳达吗?
3.that常用于比较结构中,代替前面提到的单数名词或不可数名词;若前面提到的是复数名词,则用those代替。
The weather in Guangzhou is much warmer than that in Beijing in winter. 冬天广州的天气比北京的暖和得多。
The pears on this tree are bigger than those on that one. 这棵树上的梨比那棵树上的大。 考点六 疑问代词 疑问代词 主要用法 例句 Who wants to go with me? 作主语、表语、宾语(作宾语who 时在口语中不能放在介词后) 谁想和我去? To whom are you talking? whom who的宾格形式,作宾语 你在和谁交谈? Whose bag is this? whose who的所有格形式,作定语 这是谁的包? —What's your mother? 你妈妈是做什么的? what询问某人的职业 —She is a teacher. 她是一名教师。 what/who —Who is the boy under the tree? 树下那个男孩是谁? who询问某人的身份、姓名 —He is Li Ming. 他是李明。 what指不定数目中的“哪一个,What would you like? 哪一些;什么”,没有一定范围你想要什么? 的限定 what/which Which one do you like better,the which“哪一个”,指在一定范围red one or the blue one? 你更喜欢哪一个,红色的还是蓝色内特指的人或物 的? 二、中考链接 1.(2012湖南怀化中考,22)He Jiong is a famous host at Hunan TV Station,______ does well in making jokes.
A.his B.him C.he 2.(2012 湖南湘潭中考,25)Zhang Ming is good at math. He often helps ______ with it. A.I B.me C.my 3.(2012湖南永州中考,22)With ______ help,we finished our work on time. A.they B.them C.their 4.(2012湖南郴州中考,24)—I think ______ good to study with a group. —I agree with you. Groupwork makes us study better. A.that B.it C.its 5.(2012湖南岳阳中考,29)—What else do you need for your trip? —______else. I've packed everything. A.Something B.Everything C.Nothing
6.(2012山西中考,16)We live in Shangxi Province. She's our beautiful home. We all love ______.
A.him B.them C.her 7.(2012 福建宁德中考,29)—Is this yellow schoolbag Tom's? —No,it isn't.______ is black. A.Mine B.His C.Hers 8.(2012四川广安中考,23)—Who taught you Japanese? —Nobody. I learned it by ______. A.myself B.my C.me 9.(2012福建福州中考,38)Mrs Brown is nice. Every day she tried to cook ______for me during my stay in Canada.
A.something different B.anything different C.nothing different 10.(2012四川自贡中考,39)—Who also did this wonderful job,Uncle Wang? —It's ______. A.me B.I C.my 11.(2012福建泉州中考,33)—There's______ important in today's newspaper,isn't there? —Sorry,I don't know. I haven't got the paper yet. A.nothing B.something C.anything 12.(2012 贵州遵义中考,32)—Which of the two T-shirts will you take? —I'll take ______.One is for my brother and the other is for myself. A.either B.both C.all
13.—I don't have white shoes for tomorrow's speech contest. —My brother has ______ pair. Would you like to try ______ on? A.a;it B.one;it C.one;them
14.A foreign visitor is coming to visit our new house this evening. My mother will offer him ______ to eat.
A.anything delicious B.something real Chinese C.delicious something 15.—What's wrong with my son,doctor? —______ serious. Just a slight cold. A.Something B.Anything C.Nothing 16.—______ is that man over there? —He is Dick's uncle. A.Where B.What C.Who 17.—I could look after ______ when I was five. —Really?I can't believe it. A.myself B.herself C.himself
18.______ is a good idea to bring your camera because you may want to take photos of the autumn leaves.
A.This B.It C.That 19.—Would you like some juice or coffee? —______.I really don't mind. A.Either B.Neither C.Both
20.May I have a talk with you,sir?I've got ______ important to tell you. A.nothing B.anything C.something
参考答案
代词
中考链接
1.C 作主语时用人称代词的主格,故选C项。
2.B 及物动词后用人称代词的宾格作宾语,故选B项。
3.C with one's help“在某人的帮助下”,形容词性物主代词修饰help,故选C项。 4.B it在此作形式宾语,真正的宾语是后面的动词不定式。
5.C 由答语“我已经把一切都打包好了。”可知不需要别的东西了,故选C项。 6.C 在表示家乡、祖国时常用she或her代替,故选C项。
7.B 由Tom是男性,可知此处用名词性物主代词his作句子的主语,故选B项。 8.A by oneself“自己”。
9.A 修饰不定代词的词位于不定代词之后,由上一句“布朗夫人很好。”可知答案为A项。
10.A 人称代词的宾格可以作表语,也可单独使用。
11.B 由附加疑问句含义是否定的,可知陈述部分是肯定句,故选B项。 12.B 由答语可知这两件衬衫都买,故选B项。
13.A 句意:——在学英语方面我喜欢说胜过听。——哦,真的!我认为你应该都擅长。两者都用both。
14.B 修饰不定代词的词要放在不定代词的后面,可排除C项,在肯定句中用something故排除A项。故选B项。
15.C 由答语中的 “仅一点感冒。”可知没有什么严重的,故选C项。 16.C where“哪里”;what“什么”;who“谁”。由答句“他是迪克的叔叔。”可知问句为“那边那个男人是谁?”。故选C项。
17.A look after oneself “照顾某人自己”,由主语是第一人称I,故反身代词用myself。 18.B it可以作形式主语,真正的主语是后面的动词不定式。 19.A 由答语“我确实不在乎。”可知用either指“两者中的一个”。 20.C 根据“我有重要的事情要告诉你”可知选C项。
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