概要写作(一) (建议用时：每篇25分钟)
A
阅读下面短文，根据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。
Works of literature can be written in a wide variety of forms.These different types or sorts of writing are known as genre(类型)．We can classify literary works by what they have in common—their styles or what they are about，for example.On a simple level，organizing works of literature into genres helps us understand the variety of literary works.
Prose writing can be divided into two main types: fiction and non-fiction.Fiction includes stories that are made up by the author.They are not true in a factual sense but they may be based on scientific，historical or geographic facts.Within the broad area of fiction，we can distinguish two main types: realistic fiction and historical fiction.
Realistic fiction includes stories that are set in the contemporary world and are about people and events that could happen.Most best-sellers are of this style.Realistic fiction itself has many subdivisions(划分) such as crime fiction，adventure stories and romantic stories.Stories set in the past and based on historical facts are historical fiction.Some of the characters in the stories are imaginary，while others may be real people from the past.Much of this type of fiction centers on wars or political events.
Non-fiction books are based on facts and include genres such as biography，history，popular science and reference works such as dictionaries.
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Different types of literary works can be called genres.(要点1) For example，fiction can be divided into two main types.(要点2) Stories in realistic fiction are about events that could happen in the contemporary world，while historical fiction is about stories that are based on historical facts.(要点3)Non-fiction books are written according to facts.(要点4)
B
(2019·湖州检测)阅读下面短文，根据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。
While many of us go to sleep before midnight, some teenagers choose to stay up much later. They are not driven by the burning desire to write a better essay or achieve a higher grade. Instead, they are busy playing online games. Known as young Internet addicts, they have long been a problem in China. A report released by the China Youth Association for Network Development
showed that there were over 24 million young Internet addicts among China’s young urban Internet users. The report also said that over 18 million youth had a tendency to develop Internet addiction.
To deal with the problem of Internet addiction among teenagers, the Cyberspace Administration of China released draft regulations in January which carried out a ban on online gaming. If the regulations are adopted, under-18s would be banned from playing online games between midnight and 8 a．m.
As soon as the government’s draft law surfaced, it drew great attention from the public. Some applauded the law as a way to better protect minors(未成年人), saying that too much overnight gaming is harmful to minors’ health and believing the period between midnight and 8 a．m. to be vital to human physical functions.However, others wondered whether it would be practicable if it came into effect, as minors could just borrow their parents’ IDs to register accounts to play online games. The Guangming Daily suggested that parents should help their teenagers find a balance between the cyber world and the real world.
China is by no means the only one trying to fight against teenage gaming addiction. Germany introduced a regulation in an attempt to stop minors from playing online games from 10 p．m. to 6 a．m. Meanwhile, the U．K., the U．S. and Australia have forced a rating system on computer games to make sure that teenagers cannot access“adult”content such as violence, sex or bad language.
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Many teenagers in China have become addicted to overnight online games.(要点1) Thus, the government released a draft law to solve the long-lasting issue.(要点2) Some people welcomed the law because it is beneficial to teenagers’ health, while others doubted whether it would be effective.(要点3) Actually, many other countries have also been making laws against the youth online addiction.(要点4)
C
阅读下面短文， 根据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。
Computers have changed the way a business functions to a large extent.In the past，corporate houses rented spaces for running accounting departments.It took months together to figure out profit or loss that a business had made or suffered.However，computers have become the backbone of all businesses now.Today，computers are used beyond bookkeeping(记账) purposes too.Almost everything that happens in an organization is recorded，worked upon and evaluated with the help of computers.
Imagining our lives without computers is next to impossible.Computers were initially used only
in workplaces.However，they soon became a household name，which revolutionized everything from school homework to grocery shopping.When the Internet came into being，it caused a great change in the way we functioned.Over a period of time，computers enabled working from home，which created a new type of employment.This gave usage of computers，within the confines(界限) of homes，a new part.As technology progressed，simple things such as shopping，booking tickets，buying a new house，searching for schools and colleges，researching for projects and medical information became a lot easier with entry of computers in every household.
As an indispensable tool in our lives，computers have changed the way we think in more ways than one.Today，all you have to do about finding answers is just “Google it”！ The online world of blogging，instant messaging，chatting and social networking not only leaves virtual traces，but unites the world in a completely unimagined way.This powerful medium is the great mode of mass communication which affects our thinking by providing people with a platform to voice their opinions and begin discussions that have brought about a change in the world.
Computers have pushed us to see different worlds and experience different cultures.The revolution in Egypt is the latest example of how computers changed the world.Today the identity of information technology is computers.Invention of this machine has changed the world’s perspective about cultures，economics，history and current affairs.The advent(到来) of computers has no doubt brought a revolutionary change in our existence.
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Computers have brought great changes in our lives for the past few years.(要点1)Firstly，computers have changed the traditional way that people do business greatly.(要点2) Secondly，computers have become an important part of our lives and benefited us in many ways.(要点3)Besides，computers have changed our way of thinking.(要点4) More importantly，computers allow us to experience different cultures without leaving home.(要点5)In conclusion，computers have been one of the greatest inventions.(要点6)
D
阅读下面短文， 根据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。
Winter sports can help you burn calories，increase your cardiovascular fitness，and strengthen muscles.Being outdoors and getting exercise are great for your mental health.Exercise boosts mood，and sunlight seems to help beat back the winter blues.So slap on some sunblock and go.
Winter is a great time to experiment with new sports.If you like to walk，keep walking on snowshoes.If you want to try an endurance sport，go for cross-country skiing.And snowboarding is
just plain fun.Runners can also train during the winter，although beware of wet or slippery roads.Or slip on a pair of snowshoes.One of the easiest sports around，snowshoeing can be excellent cold-weather cross-training for runners and cyclists—or anyone wanting to take a wintry walk in the woods.
Whatever sport you choose，don’t rely on a friend for instruction.You wouldn’t let an amateur perform brain surgery on you；why let one teach you to ski or skate？That’s what instructors are for—to help newcomers start out right.Instructors can give you advice about equipment，techniques，safety，and dealing with injuries if they do happen to you.
It’s tempting for an eager athlete to advance too quickly through learning the ropes.Resist the temptation.If you want to progress，invest your time in learning the basics thoroughly.Everything else you do as a skier，boarder，or skater will be built on these first skills.
Play safely by figuring out what special equipment and safety gear you’ll need.Planning an afternoon of snowshoeing or cross-country skiing？Pack water，snacks，fruit，and extra socks.If you’re going out for a long time，keep your water bottle insulated from the cold so it doesn’t freeze.
Don’t head out onto the slopes or into remote country areas alone.Always go with a buddy and tell a friend what time you plan on returning.If you get in trouble and don’t show up when you are supposed to，your friend has your back.
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Winter sports can not only strengthen your physical body，but also benefit your mental health.(要点1) While there are many new sports in winter you can experiment with, you should know some basic skills, and don’t rely on a friend for instruction.(要点2) To play safely，you should figure out the special equipment and safety gear you’ll need, and shouldn’t go out alone to faraway places.(要点3)
概要写作(二) (建议用时：每篇25分钟)
A
(2019·杭州高三模拟)阅读下面短文，根据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。 The familiar yellow school bus is the largest system of mass transportation in the U．S. and every school day transports roughly 25 million young people to school and home again after the school day ends.Meanwhile，they are the safest method for getting kids to and from school，according to the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration(NHTSA)．Children are 70 times
more likely to arrive at school safely on the school bus than if they had traveled to school driving themselves or riding with friends.
These school buses meet more of the nation’s motor vehicle safety standards than any other vehicle on the road. Also，several new technologies available today are making school buses even safer，such as video cameras on the inside and outside，stop arm cameras, GPS tracking and collision lessening systems.Another safety tool on school buses is high seat backs，closely-spaced seats and energy-absorbing seating.
But even the safeness of school buses would not completely sum up why children are safer when riding the big，yellow bus.The bus is only as safe as the professional men and women who drive them. All drivers must obtain a Class B or C Commercial Driver’s License(CDL)．They are randomly tested for alcohol and drugs，usually have their driving record checked，and are given the same review for criminal history as teachers and other employees who have contact with students.In order to serve as a school bus driver，most applicants are required to successfully complete a training course, along with instruction in the classroom and behind the wheel.
School buses are safe for the environment，not only because each bus replaces 36 passenger cars that would，but for the buses，be on the road taking and picking up school children.Additionally，school buses use alternative green fuels like natural gas，and electric power.
Todd Monteferrario，President of the National School Transportation Association，said parents should remember that the safest and smartest choice is to put their children on the big yellow bus when they can.
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The school bus is the safest and wisest choice to school in the U．S. for the following reasons.(要点1) Firstly, school buses not only meet high vehicle safety standards but also are technologically equipped.(要点2) Secondly, the bus drivers have to pass strict qualification tests and safety driving training.(要点3) Thirdly, school buses, powered by green fuels, are environmentally safe by reducing the number of private cars hitting the roads.(要点4) Therefore, children are encouraged to go to school by school bus.(要点5)
B
阅读下面短文，根据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。
As a high school basketball coach，I did all I could to help the boys win the matches.To win every match was the goal.However，something following a match，in which I worked as a referee(裁
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