名词性从句
知识梳理
一、名词性从句概述
二、名词性从句要点 1. 主语从句
1) that从句位于句首时, that不能省略。如:
That theory must go hand in hand with practice is a principle we should always keep in mind. 2) 有时可用形式主语it代替主语从句, 即将it放在句首, 将主语从句放在句末, 以避免句子头重脚轻。如：
It is not known yet where she has gone. 2. 宾语从句
1) 当宾语从句后有宾语补足语时, 需要用it 作形式宾语，而将宾语从句后置。如： I made it clear that we were determined to carry out the plan.
2) 当主句的主语是第一人称，且谓语为think, believe, suppose, expect等动词时, 如果宾语从句表示否定意思, 通常否定前移, 即否定主句的谓语。如： I don’t think there’s a computer store in the town. I don’t believe that she’s ever been to Hong Kong. 3) 宾语从句亦可用作介词或形容词的宾语。如： She was never satisfied with what she had achieved. I’m not sure when I saw her last.
4) 引导宾语从句的连词that在口语中可省略, 但在下列情况中，that需保留： a. 主、从句之间有表示时间等的状语时that不能省略，否则会产生歧义。如：
The geography teacher told us yesterday that the nearest neighbour of the earth is the moon. b. 主、从句之间有插入语时不可省去that。如: — It’s thirty years since we last met.
— But I still remember, believe it or not, that we got lost on a rainy night. c. 引导两个或两个以上的宾语从句时，第二个以及第二个以后的宾语从句中的连词that不能省略。如：
From what is written here I can see you had a very bad cold three years ago and that you also had a small operation last year. 3. 表语从句
1) 当主语是reason且后面的表语从句表示原因时通常用that引导; 而当it, this或that作主语, 后面的表语从句常用because或why引导。如： My reason is that the cost will be too high.
I had to catch the first train. That / This / It was why I left so early.
2) 表语从句还可由as if / as though引导。as if/as though引导表语从句时, 主句中的动词可用be, seem, appear, look, taste, sound, feel等。如： She looks as if / as though she had seen a ghost.
This meat tastes as if / as though it has already gone bad. 4. 同位语从句
1) 同位语从句通常由that引导，但whether, who, where等有时也可引导同位语从句。如： Tears filled her eyes at the thought that she might never see him. I have no idea whether I should buy a car or not.
The question who goes abroad on this business tour requires consideration.
2) 可接同位语从句的通常是一些表示抽象意义的名词, 常见的有news, idea, fact, belief, message, conclusion, decision, doubt, hope, chance, thought等。如：
We were very excited at the news that our Chinese athletes won many gold medals. The fact that the agreement was signed was important.
3) 同位语从句有时不直接跟在它所解释说明的名词后面, 而是被其它成分隔开。如： The question came up at the meeting whether we had enough money for our research. 三、引导名词性从句的连接词辨析 1. what与that
1) what引导名词性从句时不仅起连接作用，而在从句中充当主语、宾语、表语、定语等。如：
What makes the school proud is that more than 90% of its students have been admitted to key universities.
He has fully lived up to what he promised. I want to know what the difficulty is now.
Jack collected what information he could find.
2) that引导名词性从句时只起连接作用, 在从句中不作任何成分。 2. whether与if
1) whether引导的主语从句可位于句首或句尾, 而if不能引导位于句首的主语从句。如： Whether it rains or not doesn’t concern me.
It’s still uncertain if / whether he’s coming or not.
2) whether可引导表语从句和同位语从句, if则不能。如： The question is whether it is worth doing.
We ought to discuss the question whether we should do it. 3) whether可引导介词后的宾语从句, if则不能。如：
He was worried about whether he passed the English examination. 4) whether后可直接跟or not, if 则不能。如： I really don’t care whether or not he will stay. 3. whoever与whomever
在正式语体中, whomever是whoever的宾格形式; 在非正式语体中, 人们用whoever来代替whomever。如：
Whomever you invite will be welcome. Give it to whoever / whomever you like.
4. whatever与whichever
与whatever相比，whichever常有明确的选择范围。如：
It is generally considered unwise to give a child whatever he or she wants. All the books are here. You may borrow whichever you like.
考查要点归纳
名词性从句包括主语从句、宾语从句、同位语从句和表语从句。考查要点主要是连接代词和副词的正确使用，主语、谓语的语序，双重连接词以及特殊句型的使用等。其考点主要包括：
1. 名词性从句的连接词。如：有词义的连接代词who, whose, whom, what, which; 连接副词when, where, why, how; 从属连词that, whether, if, as if; 无词义的that在从句中不担任成分，有时可省略。
2. 名词性从句的语序和时态。
3. it作形式主语、形式宾语的情况。 1) It+be+形容词+that从句 2) It+be+过去分词+that从句 3) It+be+名词+that从句
4) It+不及物动词(appear, happen等)+that从句 4. 名词性从句中的虚拟语气。如：
1) It is (was)+essential (important, natural…)+that…；
2) It is (was) suggested (demanded, wished, desired…) that…等。
5. what引导名词性从句时的语义功能和语法功能。如：what=the thing that/ anything that…；what=the place that…；what=the time that…；what=the person that…等。 6. whoever, whatever, whichever引导名词性从句时的语义功能和语法功能。
重点考查连接词that, what的用法；特殊疑问词引导的名词性从句；wh-ever引导的名词性从句。
历届高考题
1. Scientists have obtained more evidence ________ plastic is finding its way into the human body.
A. what B. that C. which D. where
2. While they are rare north of 88°, there is evidence _______ they range all the way across the Arctic, and as far south as James Bay in Canada. that
3. What students do at college seems matter much more than _____ they go. where 4. Without his support, we wouldn’t be ________ we are now. A. how B. when C. where D. why
5. This is _______ my father has taught me — to always face difficulties and hope for the best.
A. how B. which C. that D. what
6. By boat is the only way to get here, which is ________ we arrived. A. where B. when C. why D. how
巩固练习
I. 选用括号内合适的内容填空。
1. It is a pity ________ (which / that) Sarah won’t be able to attend the ceremony.
2. I wanted to see ________ (that / why) there was so much noise.
3. I’m not sure ________ (if / whether) or not we will arrive there on time. 4. ________ (Whenever / Whatever) time you want to go is fine with me.
5. ________ (Whoever / Whomever) correctly answers the most questions in 30 seconds will get a chance to win the $25,000 prize.
6. The boy with the red shirt is ________ (what / who) I want on my team. 7. You know ________ (what / if ) she’s like when she’s on the phone.
8. Green forms of energy are _____ (how / what) we need to slow global warming. II. 用适当的连接词填空。
1. It is vitally important ________ they receive all the help available.
2. She had a feeling she already knew ______ this conversation was going to lead. 3. Do you know ________ the weather will be like the day after tomorrow?
4. Mr. Curry refused to say ________ had organised the meeting. However, everyone knew it was Jim.
5. I don’t know ________ Fred didn’t lock the door. Maybe he just forgot. 6. She did not know __________ she should accept the job or not.
7. The focus of our work is ________ we can satisfy customers more effectively. 8. My friend predicted ________ I would receive a lot of praise for my work. 9. Don’t run away with the idea ________ this job is going to be easy. 10. It never occurred to me ________ I could have the book sent to me. III. 下面各句中均有一处错误，请找出并改正。
1. This evidence supports the view whether there is too much violence on television. ________ 2. No matter how did this will sooner or later be caught and punished. ________
3. Before going to the supermarket, I make a list of where we will need for the coming week. ________
4. Please tell me if or not you’re interested in the film. ________
5. What some people regard it as a drawback is seen as a plus by many others. ________ 6. In her email was her promise what she would bring me some blueberry cookies when she returned from America. ________
7. Everyone in Dublin is so friendly, and that is because I love the city. ________ 8. This is a well-known fact that drug abuse can ruin one’s health. ________ IV. 根据括号内的汉语提示补全下面句子（每空一词）。
1. The news ________ ________ ________ ________ (他活着) has been confirmed.
2. ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ (他何时会回来) depends much on the weather.
3. I cannot rely on ______ ______ ______ (他说的话).
4. I asked him _________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ (是否他做了所有的工作) himself.
5. Many years later, they met again and found both of them were no longer ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ (他们过去的样子).
6. The students will ask their teacher ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ (期末考试在什么时候). V. 用适当的连接词完成下面短文。
An antique collector with lots of money was walking in the downtown area of a city one day. It was noticed by him 1. ________ a cat on the sidewalk was drinking some milk from a small
dish. The art collector looked again at the dish. 2. ________ he saw shocked him. The small dish on the sidewalk was extremely old, and the antique dealer knew at once 3. ________ it was very valuable. He was so interested in 4. ________ he had just seen that he immediately walked into the store to talk to the owner about buying the valuable antique dish. However, the antique collector did not want the owner to suspect 5. ________ the dish was so valuable, so he offered the owner some money for the cat. He said 6. ________ he would pay $10 for the cat, but the owner refused. The man was getting desperate, so he offered the owner a fifty-dollar bill from his wallet. At this point, the owner could no longer refuse 7. ________ the man was offering. Then the man quickly added, “You know ... how about including the dish, too? That cat is probably used to eating from that dish.” The owner replied, “No, sir, I’m sorry. You may be right about the cat and the dish, but that dish is not for sale. “Why not?” asked the man. The owner answered, “Well, I’ll tell you 8. ________ it’s not for sale. You see, it’s my lucky dish. So far this week, I’ve sold fifteen skinny cats!”
巩固练习答案： I.
1. that 2. Why 3. whether 4. Whatever 5. Whoever 6. who 7. what 8. what II.
1. that 2. where 3. what 4. who 5. why 6. whether/ if 7. how 8. That 9. that 10. that III.
1. whether→that 2. how→who 3. where→what 4. if→whether 5. 去掉it 6. what→that 7. because→why 8. That→It IV.
1. that he is alive
2. When he will be / come back 3. what he says
4. whether / if he had done all the work 5. what they used to be 6. when the final exam is V.
1. that 2. what 3. that 4. what 5. that 6. that 7. what 8. why
相关推荐：
loading