anchorages to await Boarding Officers. No person other than Boarding officers if the Panama Canal Commission and the Republic of Panama may go on board or leave any vessel until such vessel has seen entered by the Commission and, whereapplicable, by the Republic of Panama.
B.Topic: The Importance of B/L in Law, in Finance, and in Insurance
(1. In law: it is the legal title to the ownership of the goods.
2. In finance: it is usually handed to the bank together with the Export Invoice and the Certificate of Insurance before the bank issues a letter of credit or accepts a Bill of Exchange.
3. In insurance: it states whether the goods have been inspected on board ship by the master of the ship, so it decides who is responsible or liable for any damage to cargo if any.) C. Q & A:
1. According to Time Charter, what is the charter responsible for?
(He is responsible for the operation and management of the charted vessel and the payment of the relevant expenses, such as fuel oil, loading and discharging, port charges ets.) 2. What do you have to attach to the accident report? (The survey report.)
3. When should a sea protest be submitted to and endorsed by the authorities concerned? (Within 24 hours after the ship’s arrival at the port.)
4. What actions must you take after a collision with another vessel? (Report to the authorities concerned, contact the vessel and try to get all the necessary
information, prepare a Confirmation of Collision Occurrence, etc.)
5. How do you call up a vessel who is proceeding to your port side 2 miles away? (Unknown vessel to my port side 2 miles away, this is xx calling.)
6. What is the abbreviation of the time charter party recommended by China National
Chartering Corporation? (SINOTIME.)
7. How is an arbitration arranged under Baltime 1939? (The decision shall be made by two arbitrators, one nominated by the Owners and the
other by the Charterers.)
8. What documents does the captain have to provide to the agent for the port clearance? (He should produce the following documents: Outward Manifest, Crew list, Export
Declaration and Bills of Lading of each consignment and so on.) 9. In GMDSS, what does EGC stand for? (Enhanced group call.)
10. What does ISM (the International Safety Management Code) mainly include? (The standards for ship’s safe management, operation of the ship and pollution
prevention.)
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0822.
I. 英译汉：
1． Despite the duties and obligations of pilots, their presence on board does not relieve the master or officer in charge of the navigational watch from their duties and obligations for the safety of the ship. The master and the pilot shall exchange information regarding navigation procedures, local conditions and the ship’s characteristics.
(虽然引水员有责任和义务，他们在船上并不了解除船长和值班驾驶员对船舶安全所负责任和义
务，船长应与引水就航行程序、当地环境和船舶特点进行交流。)
2. The embarkation and landing of pilots for vessels bound to or from all ports in the London Pilotage District is normally carried out by launches from a position about 1.5 miles SW of Folkstone Breakwater light. Folkstone Pilot Station is situated close W of the root of the breakwater.
(对于驶入和驶出伦敦引航区各港的船舶来说,引水员的上下通常在福克斯通防波堤灯标西南大约1.5海里处通过引水艇进行。福克斯通引水站位于紧靠防波堤端部西面的地方。) close W of the root of the breakwater：紧靠防波堤端部西面的地方 close = close to：紧靠
II. 汉译英：
1. 电文对验舱的要求是，所有货舱必须进行彻底清扫、冲洗、干透，适合受货运载和
保管。
（As for the requirements of the hold inspection, the message reads: all the cargo holds must be
thoroughly cleaned, washed down and dried up to make them fit and safe for the reception, carriage and preservation of the cargo.）
“电文对验舱的要求是”的正规译法：“As for the requirements of the hold inspection, the message reads:”，也可翻译为：As for the hold inspection, the message requires:
2. 请按照运河当局的要求，将这些表格一式两份详细进行填写，并在签名后交有关官员。
(Please fill in these forms in detail according to the requirements of the Canal Authorities, all in duplicate, and sign them before submitting them to the officer concerned.)
III. Oral Practice: A. Reading:
The establishment of INMARSAT as as independent organization marked a great step forward for martime radio communication. For the first time, shipping had a communiations system reserved solely for its own and designed for its own purpose. The INMARSAT system offered advantages which could not be provided by terrestrial radio communiccations.
The INMARSAT space segment consists of the satellite and support facilities operated by INMARSAT. These are based currently on 4 operational regions, each with its own operational satellite, with back up satellites iin the event of failure.
The satellite are placed in a ―geostationary orbit‖, 35,700 km over the major ocean regions , and provide global coverage with the exception of the polar regions above 74 degrees North and below 76 degrees South.
B. Topic:. The Contents in the Loading List in Handling Containers
(The number of the 20 TEU to be loaded; weight of each container; whether there are cool or dangerous containers; whether there are extra-sized containers, such as extra-high, extra-wide, or extra-long containers; etc.) C. Q&A
1. What is the best method to prevent or minimize cargo damage? (Dunnage.)
2. Why is separation of cargo very important?
(Avoid overcarriage, short delivery, and cargo mixed up and get the cargo discharged
quickly.)
3．Is the cargo for the final port of discahrge to be loaded first? Why?
(Yes. The cargo for the first port of discahrge should be stowed in the upper part of the hold
and be discharged first.
4. In the cargo stowage, what is the first consideration to the safety of the ship?
(It is that the cargo must be in such a manner that the ship will be stable and seaworthy.) 5. What is the function of the synoptic situation?
(A synoptic situation usually gives the result of a general weather analysis in terms of
pressure system.)
6. How do you spend most of the deck Department’s time at sea? (Maintaining the ship and her equipment in good condition.) 7. What sort of bosun does a chief officer usually expect to be?
(With a lot of knowledge and practical experience in seamanship.) 8. Why is separation of cargo very important?
(Avoid overcarriage, short delivery, and cargo mixed up and get the cargo discharged
quickly.)
9. According to STCW, besides the deck department, what else should the chief officer be in
charge of on board? (Medical care.)
10. What does MARPOL stand for?
(International Convention for the prevention of Pollution from Ships) 0823.
I. 英译汉：
1. Upon the analysis of the deficiencies of the detention cases in PSC inspection, most deficiencies are closely related to on-board maintenance. Owners, classification societies and flag administrations are much concerned about the reduction of the number of detention. To solve the problem, firstly, ships should conform to the standards required by the international conventions, and secondly, on-board maintenance should be improved.
(经对PSC检查中因缺陷而滞留情况的分析，大多数缺陷与船舶保养有密切关系。船东、船级社和船旗国十分关心滞留数量的减少。为解决此问题，船舶首先要保证符合有关国际公约的要求，其次要加强船舶的保养。)
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2．Labor to handle ship’s mooring lines when berthing and unberthing at any of the wharves in Hong Kong waters is supplied by the owners of the wharf concerned, the cost being included in the berthing fee.
（船舶在香港水域任何一个码头靠泊和离泊系缆解缆服务，由有关的码头负责提供, 其费用已计算在靠泊费中。）
II. 汉译英：
1. 我轮上一次以程租形式租给一家美国航空公司，从纽约到香港运送机械设备。途中
我们遇到风暴，甲板货物受损。
(My ship was chartered to an American company in the form of voyage charter last time. It carried
machinery from New York to Hong Kong. We encountered a storm and the damage to the cargo on deck was caused during the voyage.)
2. 我们已经采取了一切可能的措施来避免潜在的碰撞，遗憾的是“蓝海号”不正确的转向和操纵
还是导致了这次碰撞。 (We had taken every possible measure to avoid the potential collision, but it was a pity that Blue Sea’s
improper turning and maneuvering had led to the collision.)
3. 在抵港前, 我们已经根据国际公约和美国联邦法典的要求, 对船舶进行了检查。一切
都达到标准。
(Before our arrival here, we had thorough inspection of the ship according to the relevant international regulations and CFR. Everything is up to the standard. )
(My suggestion is that the tug first push the head of our ship to turn round, and then after turning her the tug put her in tow.)
4. 我的建议是，拖轮先顶推船首以便掉头，掉头之后拖轮再对船进行拖带。
III. Oral Practice A. Reading :
The basic concept of the Global Maritime Distress and Safety System is that search and rescue authorities ashore, as well as shipping in the immediate vicinity of the ship in distress, will be rapidly alerted to a distress incident so that they can assist in a coordinated search and rescue opertion with the minimum delay.
The equipment required to be carried by a sgip will be determined in principle by the ships area of operation, which has designated as follows:
Area A1___within range of shore-based VHF coast stations (20-30 miles);
Area A2___within range of shore-based MF coast stations(excluding A1 area, in the order of 100 miles);
Area A3____ within the coverage area of geostationary maritime communication satellite(excluding A1 and A2 areas,approximately between 70°N and 70°S And
Area A4____the remaining sae area outside area A1, A2 and A3.
B. Topic: Please Give an Introduction about Dunnaging and Separation.
(Purposes—to prevent dampness, crushing and contact with iron work and improve ventilation; Materials--wood planking, wood chocks, bamboo, mats, etc.; methods--after the each tier of cargo is placed in the hold and secured, it is dunnaged ; cautions--dunnage must be dry and clean and free from stains.) C. Q&A
1. If a container ship is capable of carrying at most 1,200 40-foot long containers and 1000
20-foot long containers, what is its capacity? (3400 TEU)
2. In case of any actual or apprehended loss or damage, who shall give all reasonable
facilities to each other for inspecting and tallying the goods? (The carrier and Receiver)
3. What does the word ―metacenter‖ mean in vessel trim and stability? (The word ―metacenter‖ indicates a ―Limiting Point‖ and it is the point above which the
Center of Gravity must not rise if the vessel is to retain positive stability.)
4. When the pilot on board is unable to carry on his duty in maneuvering the vessel through
the canal, what must the master do?
(Warn the vessel after him of his intention of maneuvering through sound and visual
signals.)
5. If a vessel sends out a call for help but not in distress, the master of a ship intends to go to
the other vessel’s assistance, what should he first make certain? (The terms of his Charter Party allow him to deviate for the purpose of rendering
assistance.)
6. What do you think about your life at sea? 7. What is your favorite hobby?
8. What measures will you take to minimize the danger brought by a typhoon? (Shift berth to the anchorage; make sure the cargo has been properly stowed or lashed;
send a look-out man to watch out.)
9. During which seasons are tropical storms most frequent? (Early summer and late autumn.)
10. In what is the charge for garbage collection usually included? (Port dues.)
0824.
I. 英译汉：
1. Assistance and Salvage of seagoing vessels in danger of any things on board, of freight and passage money, and also services of the same nature rendered to each other by seagoing vessels and vessels of inland navigation are subject to the following provisions, without any distinction being drawn between the two kinds of services and in whatever waters the services have been rendered.
(对遇难海船、船上财务及其客货运费的援助与救捞，以及各种海船和和各种内水航行船舶之间
相互提供的具有类似性质的服务均适用下列条款，不区别是属于援助服务还是救捞服务，也不区
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别提供的这类服务处于何种水域。)
2. Modern surveys have revealed many previously uncharted isolated shoals with depths over them of less than 82 feet, but mariners should be on their guard that others might exist or be liable to form. The most critical areas are off One Fathom bank and Cape Rachado, where there are numerous shoals and sandwaves.
(现代测量发现有许多先前海图未标注的孤立浅滩，其水深不到82英尺。但海员应警惕还可能存在或形成其他浅滩。最危险的水域是在ONE FATHOM BANK 及CAPE RACHADO 附近。那里有无数的浅滩和沙浪。)
II. 汉译英：
1. 在大多数港口，该付多少领航费取决于船舶的最深吃水，该费用记录在领航卡上，
由领航员签字后交给船长。
(In most ports the amount of pilotage dues payable depends on the vessel’s deepest draught and this is entered on the PILOTAGE CARD which the pilot signs and hands to the master.)
2. 船长，前面有许多鱼船和渡轮穿越航道。请提醒值班驾驶员注意，必须加强了望，
谨慎驾驶。
(Captain, there are many fishing boats and ferries ahead crossing the channel. Please remind the duty officers that they should keep a close watch and navigate with caution.)
III. Oral Practice: A. Reading:
The captain shall prosecute his voyage with the due dispatch, and shall render all customary assistance with ship’s crew and boats. The captain (although appointed by the owners), shall be under the orders and directions of the Charters as regards employment and agency, and Charterers are to perform all cargo handling at their expense under the supervision of the Captain, who is to sign bills of lading for cargo as presented in conformity with the mate’s or tally clerk receipts.
B. Topic: The Preparations You Have to Make for Navigation When Visibility Is Reduced to 3 to 4 Miles by Fog
Report to the master and advise the engine room; 2. switch on the radar and the navigation lights; 3. sound the foghorn as prescribed. 4. maintain listening watch on channel 16; 5. open the doors and windows of the wheel house; 6. keep a proper look-out by hearing.)
C. Q & A:
1. According to GMDSS, what does the actual equipment to be carried on board depend
on? (The intended area of operations.)
2. How many parts does GPS consist of? And what are they? (3. Satellite segment, control segment and user segment.)
If the freight is paid without regard to the amount of cargo carried, what is the freight
called? (Lump sum freight.)
4. How many basic forms of charter parties are there in chartering business? What are they? (3. Voyage charter, time charter and bareboat or demise charter.)
5. Which country do you think conducts the strictest Port State Control Inspection? 6. Are you proud of being a senior officer? Why? 7. What does it mean when flag ALFA is hoisted? (I have a diver down, please keep clear of me.) 8. In GMDSS, what does EGC stand for? (Enhanced group call.)
9. What is charterer called in liner shipping? Give at least 2 names. (Shipper, receiver, merchant and so on.) 10. What does demurrage mean? (The money payable to the owner for delay for which the owner is not responsible in
loading and /or discharging after the laytime expires.)
0825.
I. 英译汉：
1. Where an actual total loss of the insured vessel appears to be unavoidable or the cost of recovery, repair and/ or salvage or the aggregate thereof will exceed the insured value of the vessel, it may be deemed a constructive total loss and the full insured amount shall be indemnified after notice of abandonment of the vessel is given to the Insurer irrespective of whether the Insurer accepts the abandonment.
(当被保险船舶实际全损已不能避免时，或当恢复、修理和或救助的费用或这些费用的总和将超
过保险价值时，其可视为推定全损。在向保险人发现委付通知后，不论保险人是否接受委付，被保险人应受到保险金额的)
2. 我轮昨天已通知港方，我轮已准备好装货，但直至今晨尚未见安排工班，我提请你们注意，我
轮的装卸货期到下周三为止，如果超过期限，应由你方负责。 (We informed the harbour authority yesterday that we were ready to load, but no gangs have been
arranged up to this morning. Please take notice that the laydays will expire by next Wednesday. After that time, you’ll be responsible for it.)
2. TANKERS: Bunkering and discharge facilities available at Eastern and Western Petroleum anchorages or installations at Pulau Bukom, Pulau Ayer Chawan, Tanjong Penjuru, Tanjong Berlayer, Jurong and Pulau Merlimau. PSA operates a Slop and Sludge Reception and Treatment Centre at Pulau Sebarok with facilities for the disposal of slops, sludge, tank cleaning, waterand dirty ballast. Also see ―Pollution‖.
(油轮：在东西石油锚地或者在Pulau BuRom, Pulau Ayer Chawan, Tangong Penjuru, Tanjong Berlayer, Jurong和Palau Merlimau的码头设施都有上油和卸油设备。新加坡港务局开设一处垃圾回收和处理站，该站有处现废油、污油、洗舱水和压载水设备。还应参看‖污染‖。)
II. 汉译英：
1. 锚泊时，应根据海底的底质松链，并测取两个以上远处物标的方位。
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(When dropping anchor, mariners should slack off the length of chains according to the nature of the ground, and take the bearings of more than two distant objects from the ship.)
III. Oral Practice: A. Reading:
Weather Working Day means a working day or part of a working day during which it is or, if the vessel is still waiting for her turn, it would be possible to load discharge the cargo without interference due to the weather. If such interference occurs(or would have occurred if work had been in progress), there shall be excluded from the laytime a period calculated by reference to the ratio which the duration of the interference bears to the tim which would have or could have been worked but for the interference.
B. Topic: A Fire Drill at Sea
(Find the fire; Sound the fire alarms; Put fire on lee side; Release appropriate extinguishing agent; Detect the fire site; Check and stow away the equipment which has been used.) C. Q & A:
1. Which canal or canals in the world have you ever transited?
2. If your vessel arrives at a port of the U.S., who will come on board for the PSC
Inspection? (The U.S. Coast Guards.)
3. What is the most commonly –used time charter in the world chartering business? (Baltime 1939)
4. When do you have to carry a two-way VHF radio set with you? (When abandoning the ship.)
5. What is the shortest route if your ship sails from a port in Japan to port in the U.S.? (The great circle sailing route.)
6. In time charter, who is responsible for the cost of the vessel’s insurance? (The shipowner.)
7. What is the direction of the wind blowing around the center of a tropical storm? (Anti-clockwise in the N hemisphere and clockwise in the S hemisphere.) 8. What types of large ships have you ever operated? (Containerships/bulk carrier/general cargo ship)
9. If your vessel arrives at a port of the U.S., who will come on board for the PSC Inspection? (The U.S. Coast Guards.)
10. What does Time Charter mean? (It means that there is a definite period of time set for chartering a ship.)
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