虚拟语气学案

M6 Unit3 understanding each other

Grammar and usages

学习目标：

（1） 认识英语中三种语气的表达。

（2） 重点学习虚拟语气的用法，从时间上认识虚拟语气的各种表达形式。 学习重难点：

了解虚拟语气在各类从句中的用法与效果 教学过程：

Step1 Lead-in（分层次问题学习A）

1、Lead in: What mood did the singer use in this song? listen to the song and find out unreal conditionals.

歌曲：If I could 歌手：Celine Dion 专辑：《miracle》 If I could I’d protect you from the sadness in your eyes Give you courage in a world of compromise(妥协，和解) Yes, I would

If I could I would teach you all the things I’ve never learned And I’d help you cross the bridges that I’ve burned Yes, I would

If I could I would try to shield（保护） your innocence（清白，无辜） from time But the part of life I gave you isn't mine I’ve watched you grow so I could let you go

If I could I would help you make it through the hungry years But I know that I could never cry your tears But I would If I could

If I live in a time and place where you don't want to be You don't have to walk along this road with me My yesterday won't have to be your way

If I knew I would try to change the world I brought you to And there isn't very much that I could do 2、Background knowledge:

In English, we can generally divided mood into three kinds: Indicative mood: I am a teacher.

Imperative mood: Pass me the book please.

Subjunctive mood: If I were you, I would help him.

虚拟语气是一种语法现象，它主要是用来表达说话着的愿望或假设。 我们主要要掌握在下列情况下要使用虚拟语气： Sentences of unreal condition(非真实条件句) Eg.If he came tomorrow, we would be glad) Some special clauses(一些特别的从句中)

Eg.He gives me a suggestion that we should come early tomorrow morning. Some special structures(一些特别的结构中)

Eg.Without your help, I wouldn’t have passed the exam.

Exercises:

1. If I_________(know)her address. I would write to her.(knew)

2. I didn’t see Mr. White at the meeting. If he_______(come), he would have given a lecture.(had come)

3. If you________(come) tomorrow, we would have a party together.(came/should come/were to come) Step One:

非真实条件句中的虚拟语气：

通过上面典型例题，让学生学会总结规律，完善表格 假设情况 if 从句中的动词形式 主句中的动词形式 与现在事实相反 were/did would(could/should/might)+do 与过去事实相反 had done would(could/should/might)+have done 可能性较小were/did 与将来事实相反 可能性很小should do would(could/should/might)+do 可能性最小were to do 通过改错巩固知识 Step Two: Find the mistakes in these sentences

1. I wish you saw the charming dance-drama yesterday.（saw---had seen）

2. If my watch were not slow yesterday, I would not have been late.(were not---had not been)

3. If she had worked hard enough, she would pass the English exam.(pass---have passed)

4. This is not my dictionary. If it’s mine I will lend it to you.(it’s---it were; will---would)

Step Three: 其他注意事项

让学生调用已有知识做典型例题，从而常识得出结论，找出语言中的规律） 1. If you______(work) hard this morning, you would be very tired now.(had worked) 2. If he______(take) my advice, he would do it much better.(had taken) 结论1:上面的表格并非万能，当我们遇到主句和从句所表述的时间不一致时，应该根据上下语境来推敲，具体调整，主句和从句表述时间不一致时，语法上叫做错综条件句（mixed conditional） EX：

If the doctors_____(try) their best to save you, you wouldn’t be standing here now.(hadn’t tried) 注：从这道题目我们还捕捉到了另外一个信息：与现实事实相反的虚拟主句也不一定总是情态动词+动词原形，此句中用的是现在进行时，启迪学生：语言是灵活多变的）

1. Were I twenty now, I would join the army.

2. Had we made a great effort, we might have succeeded.

3. Should Mr. White call what would you say?

结论2:有时会省略非真实条件句中的if, 把had, were, should放在主语前，这既是省略的一种，也是倒装的一种。 Ex:

Had it not been the free tickets, I____(go) to the films so often.（wouldn’t have gone）

1. Without air, there_______no living things.(would be no) 2. But for electricity, human life______so easy.(D)

A. isn’t B. will not be C. would not have been D. would not be

3. I thought you would stay there for a while after the meeting. Otherwise I______(give)you a lift. (would have given)

4. He_____(give) you more help, but he was so busy at that time. (would have given) 结论3：有时通过介词短语形式来表达假设，这时要根据上下语境来判断谓语动词的构成，这样的句子称为含蓄条件句。 Ex:

1. Thanks for your help, or I ________(pass) the examination.(wouldn’t have passed)

2. But for the Party, he________(die) of hunger when he was ten.(would have died) Step Four：

虚拟语气在其他从句中的使用

1. He agreed with my suggestion _______we(change)______ the date.(that; change/should change)

2. My suggestion is that we______(send) a few people to help the other groups.(should send/send)

结论1：在suggestion等表达建议命令的名词后接同位语从句，从句部分要用虚拟语气，should+do, should可以省略） Ex：

My suggestion that the price______ was accepted by everyone.（D） A ought to be cut down B. cut down C.would be cut down D. be cut down

1. It’s requested that Miss Li (should) give a performance at the party. 2. It’s necessary that he(should) be sent there at once.

3. It has been decided that the meeting(should) be put off till next Saturday.

结论2:It’s+形容词/某些动词的过去分词+that从句，从句谓语动词部分要用should+动词原形，should可以省略。

其他单词还有：demanded, proposed, recommended, vital Ex：

It’s important that we_____wild animals.(C)

A. will protect B, would protect C. protect D. shall protect

1. I wish I were as tall as Yao Ming. 1. I wish he would try again.

2. We wish we had paid more attention to our pronunciation.

结论3:用I wish表达一种不能实现的愿望时，要用虚拟语气，这时可以与would

rather转换.

上面第一句=I would rather I were as tall as Yao Ming.

Ex：

Tom wished that he______(be) more interested in his work.(had been)

1. We insisted that they should go with us.

2. The doctor ordered that she should stay in bed for days. 3. He demanded that we should start right away.

结论4：在表示主观判断，命令和要求的动词引导的宾语从句中，常采用虚拟语气，谓语动词部分用should+do, should可以省略。

一个坚持：insist 两个命令：command, order 三个建议：suggest, advice, propose 四个要求：demand, require, ask, desire Ex：

1. He has a bad cold, I suggest that he_____(stay) at home toady.(should stay/stay) 2. Tom insisted what he said_____(be) true and we insisted that he______(go) and have a look.(was/should go) 注：当insist 作立言，强调讲时不用虚拟语气，只有做坚持认为时才用虚拟语气； Suggest作建议讲时要用虚拟，作表明讲时不需要用虚拟语气。 Eg: Tom’s expression suggested that he told a lie.

1. He looked as if he were an artist.

2. He spoke English so fluently as if he had studied English in England. 3. Even if he were here, he could not solve the problem. 结论5：as if/though, even if/though引导的表语从句或状语从句中，要用虚拟语气。 Ex：

1. When a pencil is partly in a glass of water, it looks as if it_____.(c) A. breaks B. has broken C. were broken D. had been broken

2．The water in the swimming pool is dirty, it looks as if we_____swim in it.(D) A. couldn’t swim B. couldn’t have swum C. were not to D. can’t

as if引导的句子谓语动词所表示的动作如果有可能是事实时不需要用虚拟语气。

1. It’s (high) time we left (should leave).

2. It’s high time he studied(should study) English hard.

结论6：在It’s (high) time (that)引导的定语从句中用虚拟语气。 should+do时，should不能省略。 Ex：

It’s high time we_____(begin) our discussion.（began/should begin）

1. If only I had taken his advice. 2. If only I were a bird.

结论7：if on ly 引导的感叹句要用虚拟语气 Ex：

Look at the trouble I am in! If only I_____your advice. (C)

A. followed B. would follow C. had followed D. should followed Step Five： 高考链接

1. (2011年陕西卷22题)

I____A__through that bitter period without your generous help. A. couldn’t have gone B. didn’t go C. wouldn’t go D.haven’t gone 2．（2011年江西卷28题）

We __D___John’s name on the race list yesterday but for his recent injury. A. will put B.will have put C.would put D. would have put 3. （2011年天津卷15题）

I__D_sooner but I didn’t know that they were waiting for me. A. had come B. was coming C. would come D. would have come 4. （2011年福建卷34题）

-----Pity you miss the lecture on nuclear pollution.

-----I___D__it, but I was busy preparing for a job interview.

A. attended B. had attended C. would attend D. would have attended 5. （2011年北京卷28题）

------Where are the children? The dinner’s going to be completely ruined. -------I wish they__A__always late.

A. weren’t B. hadn’t been C. wouldn’t be D. wouldn’t have been 6. （2011年北京卷30题）

Maybe if I __C___science, and not literature then, I would be able to give you more help.

A. studied B. would study C. had studied D. was studying