Unit 3 Under the sea
课时作业
Ⅰ.阅读理解
(2019·北京高考)By the end of the century, if not sooner, the world's oceans will be bluer and greener thanks to a warming climate, according to a new study.
At the heart of the phenomenon lie tiny marine microorganisms (海洋微生物) called phytoplankton. Because of the way light reflects off the organisms, these phytoplankton create colourful patterns at the ocean surface. Ocean colour varies from green to blue, depending on the type and concentration of phytoplankton. Climate change will fuel the growth of phytoplankton in some areas, while reducing it in other spots, leading to changes in the ocean's appearance.
Phytoplankton live at the ocean surface, where they pull carbon dioxide (二氧化碳) into the ocean while giving off oxygen. When these organisms die, they bury carbon in the deep ocean, an important process that helps to regulate the global climate. But phytoplankton are vulnerable to the ocean's warming trend. Warming changes key characteristics of the ocean and can affect phytoplankton growth, since they need not only sunlight and carbon dioxide to grow, but also nutrients.
Stephanie Dutkiewicz, a scientist in MIT's Center for Global Change Science, built a climate model that projects changes to the oceans throughout the century. In a world that warms up by 3℃， it found that multiple changes to the colour of the oceans would occur. The model projects that currently blue areas with little phytoplankton could become even bluer. But in some waters, such as those of the Arctic, a warming will make conditions riper for phytoplankton, and these areas will turn
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greener. “Not only are the quantities of phytoplankton in the ocean changing，” she said, “but the type of phytoplankton is changing.”
And why does that matter? Phytoplankton are the base of the food web. If certain kinds begin to disappear from the ocean, Dutkiewicz said, “it will change the type of fish that will be able to survive.” Those kinds of changes could affect the food chain.
Whatever colour changes the ocean experiences in the coming decades will probably be too gradual and unnoticeable, but they could mean significant changes. “It'll be a while before we can statistically show that the changes are happening because of climate change，” Dutkiewicz said, “but the change in the colour of the ocean will be one of the early warning signals that we really have changed our planet.”
篇章导读：本文是一篇说明文。调查表明，由于气候变暖，全球的海洋将会变得更蓝、更绿。
1．What are the first two paragraphs mainly about? A．The various patterns at the ocean surface. B．The cause of the changes in ocean colour. C．The way light reflects off marine organisms. D．The efforts to fuel the growth of phytoplankton.
答案：B 段落大意题。文章第一段点题：由于气候变暖，全球的海洋将会变得更蓝、更绿。第二段介绍由于光从生物体反射的方式，这些浮游植物在海洋表面形成了五颜六色的图案；气候变化又使得这些浮游植物在某些区域加速生长而在其他地方有所减少，导致海洋表面的颜色变化。由此可知前两段讲了海洋颜色变化的原因，故B项正确。
2．What does the underlined word“vulnerable” in Paragraph 3 probably mean? A．Sensitive. C．Significant.
B．Beneficial. D．Unnoticeable.
答案：A 词义猜测题。画线词后一句提到，气候变暖改变了海洋的主要特点并能影响浮游植物的生长，因为它们要生长不仅仅需要阳光和二氧化碳，也需要营养。由此可知，这些浮游植物对海洋变暖很敏感，故A项正确。
3．What can we learn from the passage?
A．Phytoplankton play a declining role in the marine ecosystem. B．Dutkiewicz's model aims to project phytoplankton changes. C．Phytoplankton have been used to control global climate. D．Oceans with more phytoplankton may appear greener.
答案：D 推理判断题。文章倒数第二段提到这些浮游植物是海洋食物链的基础，如果某
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些种类的浮游植物消失了，会影响能存活的鱼的类型，从而影响海洋食物链，并结合文章第四段倒数第二句可知浮游植物多的区域海水会变得更绿，故D项正确。
4．What is the main purpose of the passage?
A．To assess the consequences of ocean colour changes. B．To analyse the composition of the ocean food chain. C．To explain the effects of climate change on oceans. D．To introduce a new method to study phytoplankton.
答案：C 主旨大意题。文章主要论述了随着气候变暖，全球的海洋将会变得更蓝、更绿，即气候变化对海洋有影响，故C项正确。
I don't think I can recall a time when I wasn't aware of the beauty of the ocean. Growing up in Australia, I had the good fortune of having the sea at my side. The first time I went to Halfmoon Bay, I_suddenly_had_the_feeling_of_not_being_able_to_ feel_the_ground_with_my_feet_anymore.
For my 10th birthday, my sister and I were taken out to the Great Barrier Reef. There were fish in different colors, caves and layers of coral. They made such an impression on me. When I learned that only 1 percent of Australia's Coral Sea was protected, I was shocked. Australian marine life is particularly important because the reefs have more marine species than any other country on earth. But sadly, only 45% of the world's reefs are considered healthy.
This statistic is depressing, so it's important for us to do everything to protect them. The hope that the Coral Sea remains a complete ecosystem has led me to take action. I've become involved with the Protect Our Coral Sea activity, which aims to create the largest marine park in the world. It would serve as a place where the ocean's
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species will all have a safe place forever.
Together, Angus and I created a little video and we hope it will inspire people to be a part of the movement. Angus also shares many beautiful childhood memories of the ocean as a young boy, who grew up sailing, admiring the beauty of the ocean, and
trying
to
find
the
secrets
of
ocean
species.
篇章导读：本文是一篇记叙文。在澳大利亚长大的作者对海洋有着深厚的感情，当他得知珊瑚和海洋生物正处在非常危险的状态时，他决定为保护海洋环境作出自己的努力。
5．From the underlined sentence in Para. 1, we can learn the author ________. A．seldom went surfing at the sea B．forgot his experiences about the ocean C．never went back to his hometown
D．had a wonderful impression of Halfmoon Bay
答案：D 推理判断题。由文章第一段作者陈述，自己永远不会忘记海洋的美丽，以及关键词“good fortune of having the sea ...”可推知，当他第一次来到半月湾时，他有一种飘飘欲仙的感觉。由此可推断，半月湾给作者留下了非常美好的印象。故选D项。
6．According to the second paragraph, Australian marine life ________. A．is escaping from the Coral Sea gradually B．depends on reefs for living greatly C．may be faced with danger
D．is protected better than that in other oceans
答案：C 推理判断题。根据文章第二段可知，在澳大利亚只有1%的珊瑚海受到保护，而且全世界只有45%的珊瑚是健康的。由此可知，澳大利亚的海洋生物正处在危险之中。故选C项。
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7．The Protect Our Coral Sea activity is intended to ________. A．contribute to a complete ecosystem
B．prevent more marine species being endangered C．set up a large nature reserve for reefs D．raise more teenagers' environmental awareness
答案：B 细节理解题。根据文章第三段最后一句“It would serve as a place where the ocean's species will all have a safe place forever.”可知，该活动为海洋物种提供安全的庇护场所，故其目的是防止更多的海洋生物遭受危险。故选B项。
8．Angus and the author created a little video to ________. A．urge more people to take action to protect the marine species B．inspire more people to explore the secret of the ocean C．share their childhood experiences about the ocean D．bring back to people their memories of ocean species
答案：A 细节理解题。根据文章最后一段第一句“Together, Angus and I created a little video and we hope it will inspire people to be a part of the movement.”可知，他们做视频是希望它能激励人们参与到保护海洋生物的行动中。故选A项。
Ⅱ.七选五
(2019·山东省济宁一中高三第一次调研考试)
Things You Can Do for the Ocean
The ocean supports a global underwater circulation system of currents, which affects temperature and nutrient distribution. __1__. It's time for you to do something for the ocean. Be the best citizen of the ocean you can be by taking these simple steps today.
__2__.
The Monterey Bay Aquarium has made it easy to choose oceanfriendly seafood wherever you live or travel. You can visit their site to determine the pocket guide. And try to carry a reusable cup when travelling. More than 200 billion pounds of plastic is produced in the world every year and about 10% of it ends up in the ocean! __3__. You can also make your efforts to reduce the plastic waste by travelling with your own cup.
Leave it better than you found it and reduce water pollution.
Leave natural areas and beaches better than you found them. __4__， or get together with likeminded members of your community by participating in a local beach clean-up. Reducing water pollution is also beneficial to protecting the ocean. There are
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simple things you can do to reduce water pollution locally and impact water quality globally. __5__. You should correctly deal with dangerous materials. Moreover, you should use native plants and natural fertilizers, and be mindful when washing your
vehicle.
A．And this in turn affects ultimately human life B．The ocean pollution has been a serious problem C．Eat sustainable seafood and carry a reusable cup D．Bring a small bag and pick the rubbish along the way E．You should not eat at the restaurants selling wild animals F．You should use poisonless household products whenever possible
G．Refusing bottled water is an effective way to reduce the waste stream of plastic 篇章导读：本文是一篇说明文。作者针对如何保护海洋，减少海洋污染这一问题给出了一些建议。
1．A 上文提到了海洋的作用和影响，A项“并且这些反过来会最终影响人类的生活。”在语意和结构上与设空处前一句构成顺承和递进关系，故选A。
2．C 由第二段内容可知，这一段主要讲了吃可再生的海鲜和使用可重复使用的杯子的问题，故选C。
3．G 设空前一句指出塑料对于海洋的严重污染，设空后一句提到了减少使用塑料的方法，G项“拒绝瓶装水是一种减少塑料使用的有效方法。”符合语境，故选G。
4．D 上下文提到了清理海滩的活动，D项“带一个小包，沿途捡拾垃圾。”符合语境，指出了具体的实施方法，故选D。
5．F 由下一句“You should correctly deal with dangerous materials.”(你应该正确地处理危险物品。)可知，设空处应谈及有毒或无毒的问题，故F项(你应该使用无毒家居产品)符合语境，故选F。
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Ⅲ.语法填空
(2019·广东省高三“六校联盟”第一次联考)Recently, an Internet slang word “foxi”—or “Buddhist”—is becoming increasingly popular as it encourages people, especially __1__ young to remain calm and peaceful and avoid conflicts as much as possible—in other words, to live like a Buddha.
The phrase __2__ (create) for the first time in 2014 in Japan to describe young men who no longer bother to start relationships with women or follow someone else's life path. They prefer to stay in their own peaceful world without __3__ (disturb) and care little about passion or success.
In this fastchanging and __4__ (compete) world, many people are __5__ heavy pressure. It's only natural that people are seeking for a spiritual bay. However, some would compare “foxi” with “demotivational (无动力的) culture”—a phrase __6__ describes young people who feel aimless and powerless. They say that foxi actually reflects the reality that young people are losing their will to fight. They are pretending __7__ (keep) a healthy and wise attitude towards failure simply __8__ they are incapable (无能力的) of succeeding.
All in all, there is one thing that “Buddhist Youngsters” should __9__ (basic) keep in mind: You may want to keep a calm mindset, __10__ you should never stop fighting
for yourselves！
1．________ 2.________ 3.________ 4.________ 5．________ 6.________ 7.________ 8.________ 9．________ 10.________
篇章导读：本文是一篇说明文。本文说明网络俚语“佛系”的起源、表示的意义及人们对此俚语的思考和感悟——你可能想要保持平和的心态，但你永远不应该停止为自己而奋斗！
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1．the 考查冠词。the young意思是“年轻人”，“the＋形容词”表示一类人，故答案为the。
2．was created 考查动词的时态和语态。此处句子主语The phrase 和create之间存在被动关系，主语是第三人称单数，再根据in 2014，可知句子的谓语动词用一般过去时的被动语态。
3．being disturbed/disturbance 考查非谓语动词/词性转换。句意：他们宁愿待在自己的平和世界里，不被打扰，也不关心激情和成功。介词without后面用名词或动名词，另外，句子主语They和disturb之间存在被动关系，所以用动名词的被动形式being done或直接接名词。
4．competitive 考查词性转换。句意：在这个快速变化和竞争激烈的世界里，许多人承受着巨大的压力。形容词修饰名词，故答案为competitive。
5．under 考查固定搭配。句意：在这个快速变化和竞争激烈的世界里，许多人承受着巨大的压力。under pressure “在压力之下”，故答案为under。
6．which/that 考查定语从句的引导词。此处a phrase是先行词，指物，后面的定语从句中缺少主语，所以用which或that引导定语从句，故答案为which/that。
7．to keep 考查非谓语动词。pretend to do sth.“假装做某事”，所以此处是动词不定式作宾语，故答案为to keep。
8．because 考查状语从句的连接词。这是一个原因状语从句，故答案为because。 9．basically 考查词性转换。副词修饰动词短语，故答案为basically。
10．but 考查连词。句意：你可能想要保持平和的心态，但你永远不应该停止为自己而奋斗！前后句表示转折关系，故答案为but。
Ⅳ.书面表达
(2020·贵阳市普通高中高三年级摸底考试)某英文报社正在开展“环保”大讨论，向你约稿。请以垃圾分类为主题，按照以下要点发表你的观点。
1．意义；2.现状；3.建议。 注意：1.词数100左右；
2．文章标题已拟好，不计入总词数。 参考词汇：垃圾分类 garbage classification
On Garbage Classification
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[精彩范文]
On Garbage Classification
I am so glad to have the chance to join the debate. Now I want to say something about garbage classification.
As we all know, some people would throw all waste like plastic, paper and glass into the same public dustbin, without thinking whether they are recyclable or not.
But garbage classification is very important. On the one hand, without classifying, some waste will remain where they were placed for a long time. As a result, it will pollute the earth. On the other hand, waste is just the misplaced resources. We can recycle waste by classifying it and making full use of some leftovers.
Thus, garbage classification is meaningful to us. We can do it just now. For example, we can collect plastic bottles and sell them to the waste shop and throw used batteries into the correct dustbin.
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