第5讲 琳琅满目的名词性从句
名词性从句是写作中常用的高级表达。它包括主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。
一、名词性从句的连接词 1.从属连词引导的名词性从句
名词性从句的从属连词在从句中只起连接作用，不作句子成分，主要包括that，if/whether。 (1)Ihopethatyou’llhaveagoodtimeinChina. 我希望你在中国玩得高兴。(2017·北京) (2)Itdependsonwhetherwehaveenoughtime. 这取决于我们是否有足够的时间。 2.连接代词引导的名词性从句
名词性从句的连接代词在从句中起连接作用，并在从句中充当主语、表语、宾语、定语，主要包括who，whom，whose，what，which，whatever，whoever，whichever。 (1)Wedebatedoverwhatweshouldputintothevideo. 关于视频中应该放什么，我们进行了争论。(2017·北京)
(2)Whatyousaidatthemeetingdescribesabrightfutureforourschool.你在会上的讲话为我们学校描绘了一个光明的未来。 3.连接副词引导的名词性从句
名词性从句的连接副词在从句中起连接作用，并在从句中充当状语，主要包括how，when，why，where，however，whenever，wherever。
(1)That’swhyIthinkthetripalongtheYangtzewillbeabetterchoice.那就是我认为沿着长江旅行会是更好的选择的原因。(2017·北京)
(2)Sheisprettyattractive，andIwonderhowshehaskeptherfigureafteralltheseyears. 她太迷人了，我想知道她这些年是如何保持体形的。 即时训练1 用适当的连接词填空 1.There is no doubt that I will enhance its reputation through my efforts.(2017·天津) 2.Cheer up! Courage is doing what you’re afraid to do. 3.The exhibition tells us that/why we should do something to stop air pollution. 4.I truly believe that beauty comes from within. 二、名词性从句的常用句型
1.Iwonderwhether/if...我想知道是否……
Iamwonderingifyoucouldtellmemoreaboutthisactivity.我想知道你是否能告诉我有关这项活动
的更多信息。(2015·重庆)
2.I’velearnedfromthenewspaper/the post/theInternetthat...我从报纸上/帖子上/网络上得知……
I’velearnedfromthenewspaperthatyouarerecruitingsomevolunteerstowelcomethecomingforeignstudents.
我从报纸上了解到你正在招募一些志愿者来接待来访的外国学生。(2018·浙江) 3.I’msorrytosaythat...遗憾地说……
I’msorrytosaythatIcannotgotothebookstorewithyouonFridayafternoon. 很遗憾地说周五下午我不能和你一起去书店了。(2016·全国Ⅲ) 4.Idohope/believe that...我确实希望/相信……
IdobelievethatI’mqualifiedforthisvoluntarywork，becauseIhaveagoodcommandofEnglish. 我的确相信我能胜任这项志愿者工作，因为我精通英语。(2018·浙江) 5.Iamawarethat...我知道……
Asamemberofthesociety，Iamawarethatbeingresponsibleiswhatittakestomakeabettersociety. 作为社会中的一员，我知道责任感是使社会更美好所需要的东西。 6.That/This/It is why/because...那/这就是为什么/因为…… That’swhyI’mwritingtoyoutovoicemyopinion. 那就是我写信给你发表观点的原因。 7.Thereasonwhy...isthat...……的原因是……
Thereasonwhyshefailedtheexamwasthatshegotuplatethatmorning. 她考试不及格的原因是那天早上她起晚了。
8.Itis＋important/necessary/strange...that...重要的/必要的/奇怪的……是…… However，itisimportantthatweneverlosetheenthusiasmtokeepontrying. 然而，重要的是，我们决不应丧失继续努力的热情。
9.Whatimpresses/surprises/shocks...sb.mostisthat...最令某人印象深刻/吃惊/震惊……的是……
Inaddition，whatmayinterestyoumostisthatIamreallynervousandupsetwhentakingtheexam.另外，可能最使你感兴趣的是，考试时我真的既紧张又烦躁。 10.Iholdtheviewthat...我持……观点/我认为……
Istronglyholdtheviewthatweshoulddoourbesttoprotecttheenvironment. 我强烈认为我们应该尽全力保护环境。
11.Itis/was no surprise/wonderthat...……不足为怪
Hisfavoritefoodisfriedsnacksandsoftdrinks.Itisnosurprisethatlosingweightisjustadreamforhim. 他最喜爱的食物是油炸类小吃和软饮料。减肥对他来说只是一个梦想，这不足为奇。
12.Wordcamethat...消息传来说……
Wordcamethatthenewmayorwouldcometoourschoolsoon. 有消息说，新任市长很快要来我们学校。 13.Iwouldappreciateitif...如果……我将不胜感激
Iwouldappreciateitifyoucouldreplytomeatyourearliestconvenience. 如果你能尽早给我回复，我将不胜感激。(2017·全国Ⅲ) 即时训练2 1.图片里面最让我感动的是父亲对儿子深深的爱。 What struck me most in the picture was the father’s deep love for his son. 2.一些青少年认为父母缺乏对孩子的全面理解。 Some teenagers hold the view that parents lack a full understanding of their children. 3.我从报纸上得知你们公司正在招收工人。 I have learned from the newspaper that your company is taking on some workers. 三、名词性从句的写法
名词性从句在写作时可采用“三步法”。 第一步：写出两个简单句。
(1)Ourheadmastersaidalotatthegraduationceremony. (2)Hiswordswereveryexcitingandinteresting.
第二步：根据句意选择一个简单句作从句，需要注意和另一个句子的关联性。
让句(1)作主语从句，可以转换为“校长在毕业典礼上说的话”，whatourheadmastersaidatthegraduationceremony。
第三步：把两个句子合并为复合句，需要特别注意此时连接词的选择和从句的语序。 把句(1)转换的主语从句和句(2)连在一起。
Whatourheadmastersaidatthegraduationceremonywasveryexcitingandinteresting. 即时训练3 用名词性从句将下列每组简单句合并为一个复合句 1.Who broke the window？It remained a mystery. →Who broke the window remained a mystery. 2.What will my life be like in the future？I often imagine it. →I often imagine what my life will be like in the future. 3.Shall we go to the park on Sunday？It depends on the weather. →Whether we shall go to the park on Sunday depends on the weather. 四、在写作中使用名词性从句时需要注意的问题 1.用that还是用what?
即
(1)他驾照考试失败使得他妻子很生气。 (误)Whathefailedthedrivingtestmadehiswifeangry. (正)Thathefailedthedrivingtestmadehiswifeangry. (2)孩子们需要的是新鲜的水和食物。
(误)Thatthechildrenneedaresomefreshwaterandfood. (正)Whatthechildrenneedaresomefreshwaterandfood. 2.用if还是用whether?
(1)我在考虑是否应该和父母谈一谈。
(误)IamthinkingaboutifIshouldhaveatalkwithmyparents. (正)IamthinkingaboutwhetherIshouldhaveatalkwithmyparents. (2)问题是我们是否能够说服她改变主意。
(误)Thequestionisifwecanpersuadehertochangehermind. (正)Thequestioniswhetherwecanpersuadehertochangehermind. (3)我们是否举行运动会还没有决定。 (误)Ifwewillhaveasportsmeetingisn’tdecided. (正)Whetherwewillhaveasportsmeetingisn’tdecided. 3.用wh-还是用wh-ever? 谁违反法律都会受到惩罚的。 (误)Whobreaksthelawwillbepunished. (正)Whoeverbreaksthelawwillbepunished. 4.that是否省略？
每个人都知道发生的事情，也知道她很担心。 (误)Everyoneknewwhathappenedandshewasworried. (正)Everyoneknewwhathappenedandthatshewasworried.
综合演练
Ⅰ.用名词性从句完成句子
1.我们在为赛事作准备的时候，我突然想起你曾经在一个类似的比赛中获过奖！(2018·天津) Whenwe’remakingpreparationsfortheevent
it occurred to me that you once took a prizeinasimilarcompetition. 2.我们无法想象没有手机生活将是什么样子。
Wecan’timaginewhat life would be like without cell-phones.
3.诚信是经商的必要条件。
Beinghonestiswhat it takes to do business. ，
4.毫无疑问，在消费中完全依靠排名是不明智的。(2018·江苏)
Thereisnodoubtthat it is unwise to depend completely on the ratings in consumption. 5.但是最令我感兴趣的是文学书籍，尤其是那些著名作家写的。 Butwhat interests me most areliterarybooks，especiallythosebyfamouswriters. 6.他是否来参加典礼取决于天气。
Whether he can come to the ceremonydependsontheweather. 7.我们班赢了比赛的消息使得大家非常兴奋。
Thenewsthat our class had won the gamemadeusveryexcited. 8.我从王先生那里来，他让我告诉你他今天下午不能来看你了。
I’vecomefromMrWangwithamessage that he won’t be able to see you this afternoon. Ⅱ.根据以下内容要点写一篇100词左右的短文，尽量多地使用名词性从句 (2018·安徽江淮十校第三次联考)
假设你是李华，请根据你对下面一幅图片的观察，给一家知名报社专栏“VoiceYourOpinion”写一封信，谈谈你的观点与看法。
注意：
1.自选角度和内容； 2.词数100左右；
3.信的开头和结尾已写好，不计入总词数。 Deareditor，
InChinesetradition，familyreunionalwaysplaysaveryimportantpartincommunication.
Bestwishes!
Yourssincerely，
LiHua
参考范文 Dear editor， In Chinese tradition，
family reunion always plays a very important part in communication.Whenanationalholidayfalls，membersofafamilywillprobablygathertogethertovisittheseniorsandenjoybeingwitheachother.Inthispi
cture，wecanseethatgrandchildrenofdifferentagesaresurroundingtheirgranny.However，
allofthemmerelyfocustheirattentiononsmartphonesandnobodyseemstotalkwiththeirgrannywillingly.Wecanimaginehowhelplessanddisappointedtheirgrannyisatthesightofthis.Behindthepicturealsoliesthefactthatsmartphonesaredeprivingusofface-to-facecommunicationwithothersevenamongthedearestones.Whatapity!
Ihopethatweshouldrespectthemomentswhenwearetogetherforareunionandthrowthesmartphonesaside，
!
Best wishes!
Yours sincerely， Li Hua
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