人教版英语八年级下册
Unit 1 What’s the matter?
1. What’s the matter (with sb.)? What’s wrong (with sb.)? What’s your trouble?
What’s the trouble (with sb.)? What’s up?
What happened (to sb.)? …怎么了？
----What’s the matter?怎么了? ----I have a cold.我感冒了。
2. have vt. 患(得)病 (不用于进行时态)
have/get/catch a（bad）cold （重）感冒 have a cough 咳嗽 have a fever发烧
have a sore throat 喉咙疼 have a sore neck脖子疼 have a backache / sore back背疼
have a headache头疼 have a toothache牙疼 have a stomachache胃疼 have an earache耳朵疼
3. enough adj.足够的，充足的 adv.足够地，充分地
（作形容词修饰名词时，常放在名词前；作副词时，要放在被修饰的词后） There was enough rain last year.去年有足够的雨水。
The box is light enough for the boy to carry.这个箱子足够轻，这个男孩能搬动。
4. take-took
take one’s temperature量体温
5. break v.打破，折断（break-broke） n.间歇，休息 take breaks = take a break休息 take/have a rest休息
6. lie-lay-lain (lying) 躺，卧 lie-lied-lied (lying) 撒谎
lay-laid-laid (laying) 下蛋，放置
He lay in bed all morning.他一上午都躺在床上。 He lied to me.他对我撒谎了。
She laid the baby on the bed.她把婴儿放在床上。 lie down 躺下 sit down 坐下 come down 下来 write down 写下，记下
7. hurt-hurt v. 疼痛（不及物动词）；使受伤，伤害（及物动词） My feet hurt when I walk.我走路时脚痛。 He hurt his right leg.他伤了右腿。
8. get on登上（汽车、火车等） get off下（汽车、火车等）
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get into进入 get out of从…出来 get on/off the bus上/下车
put on 穿上 take off①脱下 ②（飞机）起飞 put off推迟，延期 turn off关掉
9. to one’s surprise令某人惊讶的是 in surprise吃惊地，惊奇地 to one’s joy令某人高兴的是
surprising 令人吃惊的（形容物） surprised 吃惊的（形容人） To his surprise, she won the first prize.令他惊讶的是，她赢得了一等奖。
10. thanks to由于，多亏，因为，后常接名词短语，有时可与because of和with the help of转换。
thanks for因…而感谢
Thanks to my teacher, I can finish my homework on time. 多亏了老师的帮助，我才能按时完成作业。
11. trouble n.困难；麻烦（不可数名词） v.使苦恼，打扰 be in trouble有困难；陷入困境 get into trouble陷入困境
have trouble/difficulty/problems (in) doing sth.做某事有困难 have trouble/difficulty/problems with sth. 做某事有困难 have problems breathing呼吸困难
I have trouble finishing my homework. / I have trouble with my homework. 我完成家庭作业有困难。
12. hit-hit v.打，撞，击中 n.①打，打击 ②成功，红极一时的人或事物 ①（打在较软的部位）hit sb. in the +部位（eye, face, mouth, stomach, …） ②（打在较硬的部位）hit sb. on the +部位（head, nose,back,…） Someone got hit on the head.有人头部受到撞击。
13. fall down落下，跌倒，摔倒（不及物动词） fall down from = fall off从…掉/摔下来 fall behind落后，跟不上
fall asleep入睡 fall ill生病
14. sick adj.①生病的，有病的（ill）②恶心的 ③厌倦的 feel sick感到恶心 be sick of感到厌倦
Lucy’s mother is ill/sick in hospital. She will visit her sick mother after school. Lucy的妈妈生病住院了，放学后她要去看望生病的妈妈。
15. interested adj.感兴趣的（形容人） interesting adj.有趣的（形容物）
be interested in = take an interest in对…感兴趣
I’m interested in the interesting things.我对那些有趣的事物感兴趣。
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*16. ①be used to sth./doing sth.习惯于…，适应于…（此处to为介词） He is used to going to bed early.他习惯于早睡。 ②be used to do sth.被用来做某事（被动语态） Wood is used to make paper.木头被用来造纸。
③used to do sth.过去常做某事（无be动词，暗含时态） He used to go to bed early.他过去常常早睡。
④use A to do B = use A for doing B 用A去做B
He used his knife to cut off half his right arm.他用刀切除了他的半条右臂。
*17.run-ran
run out用完，耗尽（主语为物，不及物动词短语） His water ran out.他的水用完了。
run out of用完，耗尽（主语为人，及物动词短语） He ran out of his water.他用完他的水。
18. risk n.危险，风险 take risks / a risk冒险 at risk在危险中
at the risk of冒着…的危险
run/take the risk of doing sth.冒着…的危险
Aron doesn’t mind taking risks. Aron不介意冒险。
19. free adj.空闲的，免费的，自由的 v.使自由，解放 He couldn’t free his arm.他无法使自己的胳膊挣脱开来。
20. knife-knives 刀
cut off 切断，切除 cut down砍倒，减少 cut up切碎
21. blood n.血（不可数名词） bloody adj.有血的，出血的 a drop of blood一滴血
22. mean v.①意思是（后接名词或动词-ing） ②打算 mean sth./doing sth.意思是，意味着 mean to do sth.打算做某事
What do you mean by …? = What do/does … mean? = What’s the meaning of …? …是什么意思？
This means being in a difficult situation.这意味着处于困境中。
What do you mean by this word? = What does this word mean? = What’s the meaning of this word?
这个单词是什么意思？
23. decision n.决定，决心
make decisions / a decision (to do sth.)下决心（做某事） decide to do sth.决定做某事
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He makes a decision to be a doctor when he grows up.他决定长大后做个医生。
24. so … that …如此…以至于… too … to …太…而不能…
not … enough to do …不够…去做某事
She is so young that she can’t look after herself. =She is too young to look after herself. =She isn’t old enough to look after herself. 她如此小以至于不能照顾自己。
25. keep doing sth.继续不停地做某事 keep on doing sth.继续做某事
keep sb. doing sth. 使某人一直做某事 keep sb. from doing sth.阻止某人做某事
You shouldn’t keep him from watching the movie.你不应该阻止他看电影。
26. die v.死亡 (die-died) death n.死亡 dead adj.死的
dying adj.垂死的，将死的
He died two years ago.他死于两年前。
We feel sorry for his death.我们对他的死亡感到遗憾。
27. need v.需要
①作情态动词（无人称和数的变化） need do sth.需要做某事 needn’t 不必，不必要
----Need/Must I …? ----Yes, you must. / No, you needn’t./ You don’t have to. ----我需要/必须…吗？ ----是的，你必须。/不，你没必要。 ----Need I finish my homework today?
----Yes, you must. / No, you needn’t./ You don’t have to. ----我需要今天完成我的家庭作业吗？ ----是的，你必须。/ 不，你没必要。 ②作实义动词（有人称和数的变化） need to do sth.需要做某事
need sb. to do sth.需要某人做某事
I need you to help me.我需要你帮助我。
28.①should 应该（情态动词，无人称和数的变化） He should lie down and rest.他应该躺下休息。 ②变为否定句，在should后加not。
He should lie down and rest.他应该躺下休息。
（否）He shouldn’t lie down and rest.他不应该躺下休息。
③变为疑问句，把should提前，回答为Yes, sb. should. / No, sb. shouldn’t。 ----Should he lie down and rest.他应该躺下休息吗？
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