Go over Points 1 and 2 on page 9. 4 Exercises on page 9
Answers: (2) have been talking (3) have been taking (4) have been watching (5) have seen (6) have been writing
5 Compare the present perfect and the present perfect continuous tense Li Jia has read a book about Stonehenge.
Li Jia has been reading a book about Stonehenge.
In the first sentence, it means the action read isn’t still continuing, and Li Jia knows what the book is about now, but in the second sentence , it means the action read is still continuing. c.f. I’ve cleaned the house. I’ve been cleaning the house. Read Point 1 on page 10. Notes:
1)I have visited Egypt twice this month. I have been touring Egypt for two months.
The present perfect continuous tense can’t be used with time expressions such as twice or how many times, because in this tense the action is continuous, not stopped and started again.
We can use the present perfect tense for repeated actions, and the present perfect continuous tense for non-stop actions.
2)How many times have you swum in the lake? How long have you been swimming in the lake?
We usually use the present perfect tense to ask questions beginning with how
many/much, and the present perfect continuous tense to ask questions beginning with how long. 3) I’ve never visited Paris. I’ve already been to Paris.
always, never, yet, already and ever can’t be used in a continuous tense. 4)I have not been sleeping well since I returned home. I’ve been waiting for an hour.
We can use for and since with the the present perfect continuous tense. 5)Both present perfect tense and present perfect continuous tense
An action which began in the past and is still continuing or has only just finished can, with certain verbs, be expressed by either the present perfect or present perfect continuous.Verbs which can be used in this way include expect, hope, learn, lie, live, sleep, sit, study, wait, want, rain, etc. How long have you learnt English? Or How long have you been learning English? It has snowed for a long time. It has been snowing for a long time.
6 A state verb or an action verb
I have had this camera for five years.(state verb) I have taken photos of UFOs with this camera.(action verb) I have been taking photos of UFOs with this camera.(action verb)
An action means something happening or changing. A state means something staying the same. Some examples of action verbs are do, go, and play. Some examples of state verbs are like, know and exist.
A state verb doesn’t mean an action, so it can’t be used in a continuous tense.
They’ve always had a big garden. How long have you known each other? He’s been in hospital since his accident.
7 Exercises on page 11: Answers on page 11
A (1)heard (2) been doing (3) been researching (4) been doing (5) started (6) done (7)
read (8) found (9) started (10) been doing (11) been making
Sample answers
B 1 He has been waiting at an underground station.
2 They have been traveling in an UFO. It looks like a saucer.
3 They probably have talked to animals or plants on the earth as well as creatures on other plants.
4 They have visited Mars, Venus, Jupiter and some other planets. 8 Assignment
Grammar and usage
一、单项选择 (共20分，每小题1分)
1. She said that she ________ much progress since she came here. A. makes B. made C. have made D had made
2. I _________ there for five years when the new leader came. A. had worked B. worked C. was working D. have
worked
3. Oh, you have bought a new bicycle. Where _________ it? A. had you bought B. have you bought C. did you buy D. to buy it
4. --- We ______ that you would fix the TV set this week.
--- I’m sorry. I ______ to fix it this week, but I’ve been too busy. A. had expected; had intended B. are expecting; had intended C. expect; intend D. expected; intend
5. --- Alice came back home the day before yesterday. --- Really? Where ______?
A. has she been B. had she been C. has she gone D. had she gone
6. --- Where do you think ______ he ______ the computer? --- Sorry. I have no idea.
A. has; bought B. 不填; bought C. did; buy D. 不填; buys 7. --- ______ Betty this morning?
--- Not yet, but she is sure to be here before noon. A. Have you seen B. Will you see C. Do you see D. Did you see
8. --- Each of the students, working hard at their lessons, ______ the book. --- So have I.
A. is reading B. reads C. reading D. has read
9. The students ___ busily when Miss Brown went to get a book she ___ in the office.
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