美国英语与英国英语之间的主要差异 一、发音上的主要差异
1. 美国人习惯将单词的每一个音节都读出来,而英国人则有时省略其中的音节。比较: 例词 美国英语 英国英语 dictionary [′dik∫?n?ri] [′dik∫?nri] interest [′int?rist] [′intrist] secretary [′sekr?t?ri] [′sekr?tri] medicine [′medisin] [′medsin]
二、语法上的主要差异
1.英国人和美国人对have在疑问句、
否定句中的用法有明显的差异。一般来说,美国人惯用 “Do you have…?” 英国人用 “Have you…?”。
Do you have a dictionary?(美) Have you a dictionary?(英) I don’t have a dictionary. (美) I haven’t a dictionary. (英)
2.在美国英语中, 动词get的过去时
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是got,但其过去分词形式是gotten; 在英国英语中,get的过去分词和过去形式均是got。
3.美国英语中,常在不定代词one的后面用he或his作其代词;
而在正式的书面语中,英国人惯用one…one(one’s),如:
One should do his best for his motherland. (美)
One should do one’s best for one’s motherland. (英)
When one has done his best for his motherland, he feels happy. (美)
When one has done one’s best for one’s motherland, one feels happy. (英) 4. 在构成“一般将来式”时,英国英语在
第一人称中惯用shall,在第二、第三人称中惯用will;而美国英语在各种人称中一般都用will。如:
I (We) shall plant more trees
tomorrow. (英)
I (We) will plant more trees
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tomorrow. (美)
5. 在介词的用法上, 美国人常说
different than,而英语人则说different from或different to。介词短语作时间状语时,美国人往往省去介词,而英国人则趋于正规。如: My dictionary is different than yours.
(美)
My dictionary is different from/to
yours. (英)
She started her vacation Monday.
(美)
She started her vacation on Monday.
(英)
He works nights as a bar-tender.
(美)
He works at nights as a barman.
(英)
I worked days and studied nights.
(美)
I worked by day and studied at night.
(英)
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Is Henry home? (美) Is Henry at home? (英)
Let’s stay home this evening. (美) Let’s stay at home this evening.
(英)
6.在冠词的用法方面,美国英语与英国
英语之间也有差异。
美国 英国 go to the hospital go to hospital
go to the university go to
university
美国英语与英国英语相同:go to college; go to school; go to the theatre/theatre
7.在标点符号的用法上,美国英语与英国英语之间也有差异。如,
在标示时间时,美国人通常在“时”与“分”之间使用冒号(如:2:35),而英国人则常用间隔号(如2?35)。 在标示日期时,两者在“月”、“日”的先后次序方面不同:
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