Section Ⅳ Grammar & Writing
语法图解
探究发现
①She wondered if the buses would still be running.
②The truth is that it is too foggy for the bus to run that far.
③She had a feeling that she was being watched by a tall man in a dark overcoat. ④ At lunch, the radio forecast that the mist would become a thick fog in the afternoon.
⑤Scientists are interested in whether the sense of smell is related to pain. ⑥However, why pleasant smells do not reduce pain in men remains a puzzle for scientists.
⑦It is added that while our sense of sight is used too much, our senses of touch and smell have been ignored.
[我的发现]
(1)上述例句中黑体词引导的从句都是名词性从句。 (2)第⑥、⑦两句中黑体词引导的从句是主语从句。 (3)第①、④、⑤句中黑体词引导的从句是宾语从句。 (4)第②句中的黑体词引导的从句是表语从句。 (5)第③句中的黑体词引导的从句是同位语从句。
一、从句概述
1．概念和数
在句子中充当主语的从句叫主语从句。主语从句一般被视为一个整体，所以单个的从句作主语时，主句谓语动词通常用单数；两个或两个以上的从句充当主语时，主句谓语动词通常用复数。
What she needs is more experience. 她所需要的是更多的经验。
How the prisoner escaped is a mystery. 那个囚犯是怎么逃脱的是个谜。 2．分类
名词性从句相当于名词，可分别作主句的主语、表语、宾语和同位语。因此，名词性从句分为主语从句、表语从句、宾语从句和同位语从句，且都不能用逗号与主句分开。
What he wants to tell us is not clear.(主语从句) 他要跟我们说什么还不清楚。
He has told me that he will go to Shanghai tomorrow.(宾语从句) 他已经告诉我他明天去上海。
That's why he didn't come to the meeting.(表语从句) 那就是他为什么没参加会议的原因。
I have no idea when he will come back home.(同位语从句) 我不知道他什么时候回家。 3．引导词 引导词 作用 that, whether， if, as if, beca-use等 who, whose, whom, what, which等 when, where, why, how等 that无词义，也不在从句中作任何成分，有时可省略 whether, if, as if, because等有词义，但在从句中不作成分 都有词义且在从句中作主语、表语、宾语、定语等成分 从属连词 连接代词 连接副词 都有词义且在从句中作状语 It looks as if it is going to rain. 看起来好像要下雨。
This is because he missed the train. 这是因为他没赶上火车。 I wonder who she is.
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我想知道她是谁。
Where the manager had put the files troubled Mary. 经理把文件放在哪儿这事让玛丽很苦恼。 [即时演练1]
请写出下列各句中黑体词引导的从句是哪一类名词性从句
①Whether there is life on the moon is an interesting question.主语从句 ②The whole truth came out at last that he was a wolf in sheep's clothing.同位语从句
③He was sent to the hospital.That's because he was ill.表语从句
④We must never think that we are good in everything while others are good in nothing.宾语从句
二、具体用法 种类 主语从句 宾语从句 表语从句 同位语从句 (一)主语从句
1．在句中起主语作用的从句叫主语从句。 2．主语从句的引导词 (1)从属连词that和whether
that 引导主语从句时一般放于句首，that本身无词义且不可省略；whether 引导主语从句时在句中表示“是否”之意，也不能省略；二者在句中都不充当成分。
(2)连接代词：who, whom, whose, what, which, whoever等 (3)连接副词：when, where, how, why等
连接代词和连接副词在句中既保留自己的疑问含义又起连接作用，在从句中充当成分。 That she was chosen made us very happy. 她被选上了使我们很高兴。
Whether they would support us was a problem. 他们是否会支持我们还是一个问题。
When the plane is to take off has not been announced. 飞机何时起飞还没有宣布。
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用法 在复合句中作主语；有时可用it作形式主语，而把主语从句放在句末 作动词、介词或形容词的宾语，有时用it作形式宾语，连词that一般可以省略 位于系动词之后作表语，连词that有时可省去 在复合句中作某一名词的同位语，说明其内容，一般紧跟在该名词之后 [名师点津] if不能引导主语从句。 3．用it作形式主语的主语从句
主语从句可以直接放在句首，有时为了平衡句子结构或表示强调，常用it作形式主语，而将作真正主语的从句放在后面。
常以it作形式主语的句型有：
①It＋be＋形容词/名词词组/过去分词＋that从句
②It＋seem/happen ...＋ that从句
It's certain that she will do well in her exam. 毫无疑问她的考试成绩会很好。 It's a pity that we can't go. 很遗憾我们不能去。
It's said that Mr.Green has arrived in Beijing. 据说格林先生已经到了北京。
It happened that I was out that day. 碰巧我那天外出了。 It is clear what he meant. 他是什么意思很清楚。 [即时演练2] (1)单句改错
①Bob failed in the exam disappointed his parents.Bob前加That ②If Peter will attend the ceremony remains unknown.If→Whether ③That Alice said at the meeting was of great value.That→What (2)完成句子 ①很遗憾他没来。
It's_a_pity_that he didn't come. ②他们是否会支持我们还是一个问题。
It_is_a_problem_whether they will support us. (二)宾语从句
1．在句中起宾语作用的从句为宾语从句。
宾语从句可分为三类：动词的宾语从句、介词的宾语从句和系表结构的宾语从句。Do you know Tom has gone to Beijing? 你知道汤姆去北京了吗？
We are worrying about what we should do next. 我们正在为下一步做什么而烦恼。
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