【拓展】away 作副词时，常见的短语有：
Get away逃脱；离开 go away离去；出走 run away逃走；离开 Stay away不在家；外出 take away拿走；带走；夺去；使离去 Move away搬到别出去住；离开
4. Have you ever thought about how these things can actually be put to good use? put sth. to good use好好利用；充分利用
He’ll be able to put his experience to good use in the new job.
If you want to draw value from your education, put your study time to good use. 如果你想要从教育中得益，就要充分利用你的学习时间。 【拓展】与put有关的短语：
（1） put off推迟，后接名词、代词或动词-ing形式 We’ll put off holding the sports meeting because of rain. （2） Put away收拾起来
The little boy put the bowl away after he finished his dinner. （3） Put down写下；记下 Put down your name and address. （4） Put on穿上；上演
What dress shall I put on for the party? （5） Put out扑灭；熄灭 The firemen soon put out the fire.
5. You have probably never heard of Amy Hayes, but she is a most unusual woman.
(1) probably副词，也许；大概；可能，常作状语，可位于句首，也可位于句中，即实义动
词之前，助动词、情态动词或连系动词之后。 【辨析】probably, maybe, perhaps
Probably 常用于句中， maybe相当于 perhaps ，常用于句首。 另外 probably比 maybe和 perhaps表达的可能性大。
He probably told his father all about the matter. He will probably come tomorrow. Maybe / Perhaps you are right.
(2) a most unusual woman一个很不寻常的女人。 A+ most+ adj. + n是一个固定结构，一个
很/非常。。。。。。的。。。。。。，此处most不表示最高级含义。 This is a most useful tool. 这是一件非常有用的工具。
6. She lives in a house in the UK that she built herself out of rubbish. 她住在英国，房子是她自己用废弃物建造而成的。 (1) herself she的反身代词，她自己
Did you see Mrs. Wang herself? 你见过王太太本人吗？ I hope she’ll enjoy herself. 【拓展】反身代词的构成：
I myself you yourself he/she/it himself/herself/itself We ourselves you yourselves they themselves
注意：第一、第二人称的反身代词由其形容词的无主代词加上-self或-selves构成；第三人
称的反身代词由其宾格代词加上-self或-selves构成。 【拓展】常见的反身动词短语：
Enjoy oneself玩的开心 hurt oneself伤害自己 Introduce oneself自我介绍 dress oneself自己穿衣 By oneself靠某人自己 for oneself为某人自己
Kill oneself自杀 leave sb. by oneself把某人单独留下 Teach oneself=learn…by oneself自学
Look after oneself=take care of oneself照顾自己 Help yourself! 请随便吃吧！/请自己去取吧！ (2) Out of在本句中表示由。。。。。。制成；用。。。。。。做材料 What did you make it out of? 你是用什么制作它的？
The house is built out of wood. 这座房子是用木头建造的。 【拓展】out of用法归纳： （1） 从。。。。。。里出来
He is running out of the classroom. （2） 在。。。。。。外；离开 Fish can’t live out of water. （3） 由于；出于。。。。。。的原因 They helped us out of kindness. （4） 缺乏，没有
He is out of breath.他上气不接下气。 （5） 在。。。。。。范围之外 The boy has been out of danger.
7. The windows and doors came from old buildings around her town that were pulled
down.
(1) were pulled down一般过去式被动语态，其结构为was/were+及物动词的过去分词 He was told not to throw rubbish yesterday.
Thousands of trees were planted by them last year.
(2) Pull动词，拉；拔；拖，其反义词 push。 pull down意为拆除；拆毁；放倒，为动
词+副词型短语，代词作宾语时，应放于Pull和 down的中间 You pull and I push.
All the old houses in the street have to be pulled down. Why did the government pull it down?
8. And the gate in front of her house is made of rocks and old glass bottles. (1) in front of和in the front of The dog is in front of the car. The man is in the front of the car. (2) be made of… be made from… be made of 由。。。。。。制成，从制成品上能够看出原材料，或制作过程中发生的是物理变化
The bridge is made of stones.
be made from由。。。。。。制成，从制成品上一般看不出原材料，或制作过程中发生的是化学变化
The wine is made from grapes.
【拓展】
（1） be made in…产于。。。。。。；于。。。。。。制造，后接表示地点的名词 This TV set is made in Shanghai. （2） be made into...被制成为。。。。。。
This piece of wood will be made into a small bench. （3） be made up of…由。。。。。。构成，后跟组成部分 Water was made up of oxygen and hydrogen. （4） be made by…由。。。。。。制造，后接动作执行者 The machine is made by the workers in the factory.
9. Amy recently won a prize from the help Save Our Planet Society. win此处用作及物动词，意为“赢得；在。。。。。。中获胜“，其后的宾语为比赛的项目、奖品或战争等，win还可用作不及物动词，意为赢；获胜。 He won the first prize. He is sure to win. 【辨析】win与beat
win赢得；战胜，用作及物动词，其宾语为比赛项目、奖品或战争等 We won the basketball game.
beat打赢；战胜，用于比赛时，其宾语为所战胜的对手 Li Lei beat all the runners in the 100-meter.
10. Amy is an inspiration to us all.
(1) inspiration名词，灵感；鼓舞人心的人（或事物）
Many poets and artists have drawn their inspiration from nature.
(2) Be an inspiration to sb 对某人来说是一个鼓舞人心的人（或事物） Lei Feng was a great inspiration to us youth.
(3) Us all我们大家， us为人称代词，作 to的宾语； all则是 us的同位语 Happy New Year to you all!
11. Amy isn’t the only one who is good at recycling.
(1) who此处引导定语从句，其先行词为the only one。在定语从句中，若先行词为人，那么
定语从句的引导词用who，若引导词在从句中作宾语，则引导词用who和whom皆可。 Do you know Mr. Zhang who/whom they like very much? The student who is answering the question is John.
(2014山东)—Do you know the girl _____is talking with our teacher? --- oh, she is my teacher.
A. who B. whose C. whom D. where (2) be good at…擅长；在。。。。。。方面做得好，at为介词，其后可接名词、代词或动词ing
形式。
He is good at English. I’m good at swimming.
【拓展】be good at通常可以与 do well in互换，但是 do well in还可以表示某一次在某方面做的好。
He did well in yesterday’s singing competition.
(2012) English is my favorite subject, and I am good _____it. A. for B. to C. at D. of
12….she has also set up a website to sell them online….
Set up意为成立；建立；创立；开办；设立；设置，相当于 start, establish, put up, found We set up a company.
The government will set up a new school here.
13. Some are large pieces that look like animals or humans, and some are smaller pieces you can put at home. Look like看起来像。。。。。。，强调外表、外貌特征。 Her face looks like a red apple. The girl looks like her mother.
14. Not only can the art bring happiness to others, but it also shows that even cold, hard iron can be brought back to life with a little creativity. Creativity不可数名词，意为创造力；独创性。 Can you show me some creativity? 【拓展】
（1） creative形容词，有创造力的；创造性的 He is a creative singer.
creat 及物动词，创造；创作 She created lots of popular songs.
15. Though Jessica’s bags are made from old clothes, her bags are known for being cute and useful.
Though此处作连词，引导让步状语从句，意为“尽管；虽然”，相当于although He often helps me with my English though he is quite busy.
【拓展】Though/although引导的让步状语从句不能与but，however连用，但可与yet，still连用
(2013)—what subject do you prefer? ---I prefer science ______it’s difficult. A. or B. though C. so
16. Which parts need to be improved?
Need作实义动词，意为需要，后接名词、代词、动词ing形式及带to的动词不定式作宾语。Need后面接动词ing形式时，动词ing形式表被动。此时主语常为某物。其用法如下： （1） need sth.需要某物 I need your help.
（2） Need to do sth. 需要做某事 do you need to go at once? （3） Need doing=need to be done（某事）需要被做 The bridge needs repairing. = the bridge needs to be repaired. 【拓展】
（1） need还可用作名词，意为“需要”
A friend in need is a friend indeed.
（2） need作情态动词时，意为“需要；必须”，无人称或数的变化，后接动词原形。 You don’t need worry.
由need引出的一般疑问句，肯定回答常用must或have to，否定回答常用needn’t --need I answer the question?
--yes, you must./ yes, you have to./ no, you needn’t.
17. The air pollution is getting worse and worse.
Worse and worse越来越糟，其结构为：比较级+ and+比较级 或 more and more+原级（多音节或部分双音节词），意为越来越。。。。。。 He is getting taller and taller.
The flower are more and more beautiful. 【拓展】比较级的常用句型： （1）甲+Be+形容词比较级+ than+乙 或 甲+实义动词+副词比较级+ than+乙，甲比乙。。。。。。 Tom is taller than Kate.
I got up earlier than my mother this morning. （2）甲+Be+（倍数+）形容词比较级+ than+乙 或 甲+实义动词+（倍数+）副词比较级+ than+乙
甲比乙。。。。。。几倍
This room is three times bigger than that one. He runs three times faster than his brother.
（3） 甲+Be+ the +形容词比较级+ of the two+… 意为甲是两者中较。。。。。。的 Look at the two boys. My brother is the taller of the two. （4） The+ 比较级， the+ 比较级 意为“越。。。。。。，越。。。。。。” The busier my mother was, the happier she felt.
（5） 疑问词+Be+ 形容词比较级 ， 甲or乙？ 甲和乙哪个更。。。。。。？ Which is bigger, the earth or the moon?
（6） 疑问词+实义动词+ 副词比较级 ，甲or乙？哪一个更。。。。。。，甲还是乙? Who draws better, Jenny or Danny?
(2014)--- the relation between the two countries gets________. A war seems to break out soon. -- I hope they will make peace with each other.
A. worse and worse B. better and better C. more and more peaceful
语法专项
现在进行时 现在完成时 被动语态
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