2016 年英语专业四级真题及详解
TEST FOR ENGLISH MAJORS (2016)
-GRADE FOUR-
TIME LIMIT: 130 MIN
PART Ⅰ DICTATION [10 MIN]
Listen to the following passage. Altogether the passage will be read to you four times. During the first reading, which will be done at normal speed, listen and try to understand the meaning. For the second and third readings, the passage will be read sentence by sentence, or phrase by phrase, with intervals of 15 seconds. The last reading will be read at normal speed again and during this time you should check your work. You will then be given 1 minute to check through your work once more.
Please write the whole passage on ANSWER SHEET ONE. 【答案与解析】
Think Positive and Feel Positive
①Are you confident or insecure in a difficult situation? ②Do you react positively or negatively? ③The answer may depend in part on whom you‘re around. ④A study found that negative thinking can be contagious in some cases. ⑤For example, the researchers studied 103 college roommates. ⑥They measured each roommate‘s tendency towards negative thinking. ⑦It was found that thinking patterns can be contagious. ⑧Students with a negative thinking roommate became more depressed themselves, ⑨and students with more positive thinking roommates ⑩were more likely to become more positive as well. 【难点点评】
（1） 句①中，注意“insecure”的拼写，同时注意本句为一个一般疑问句，所以需以问号结尾。
（2） 句②也是一个一般疑问句，以问号结尾，注意“react”一词的听写。
（3） 句③中，“in part”表示“部分地，某种程度地”，注意不要遗漏介词“in”，同时注意“around”一词的听写，
不要误听为“round”。
（4） 句④中，注意“contagious”一词的拼写，其意思为“感染性的；会蔓延的”。
（5） 从句④到句⑩，都是在介绍一项研究发现，注意，在描述观点时使用的是一般现在时，而在描述这项研究
本身的情况时使用的是一般过去时。听写时尤其需要注意一般过去时态和一般现在时态的切换。 （6） 句⑥中，注意“roommate‘s”使用了所有格的形式。“tendency”表示“倾向，趋势；癖好”。 （7） 句⑧中，注意“depressed”一词的拼写。“depressed”在这里表示“沮丧的”。
PART Ⅱ LISTENING COMPREHENSION [20 MIN] SECTION A TALK
In this section you will hear a talk. You will hear the talk ONCE ONLY. While listening, you may look at ANSWER SHEET ONE and write NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS for each gap. Make sure the word(s) you fill in is (are) both grammatically and semantically acceptable. You may use the blank sheet for note-taking.
You have THIRTY seconds to preview the gap-filling task.
Now listen to the talk. When it is over, you will be given TWO minutes to complete your work.
What Is Grit?
【答案与解析】
1. success
(录音一开始演讲者就提到，要讨论的主题是“my research project concerning the key to success”，即讲座围绕“成功的关键”展开，故该空填入 success。) 2. challenging settings
(录音中演讲者介绍到，自己在发现问题后决定研究孩子和成年人在各种具有挑战性的场景下的表现，因此本题填入 challenging settings。)
3. National Spelling Contest
(演讲者介绍了进行调查的三个地方，即“West Point Military Academy”“National Spelling Contest”和“private companies”。因此本题答案为 National Spelling Contest。)
4. passion and perseverance (演讲者通过调查得出结论，能够预测成功的品质是 grit，接着作者开始解释道“grit is passion and perseverance for very long-term goals”因此可知，本题填入 passion and perseverance。)
5. future a reality
(演讲者提到，毅力就是年复一年“working really hard to make future a reality”，也就是说持之以恒，努力使自己对未来的展望成真。注意不要遗漏不定冠词 a。)
6. marathon
(录音中明确提到“Grit is living your life like it‘s a marathon, not a sprint”，即把生活当作一场马拉松，而不是短跑，因此填入 marathon。) 7. grittier
(演讲者在介绍自己几年前开展的关于“毅力”的调查时说道“It turned out that grittier kids were significantly more likely to graduate”，由此可知，更有毅力的学生更容易毕业，故答案为 grittier。)
8. measures of talent
(关于如何增强毅力，演讲者首先分析了相关数据，并提到“根据数据，毅力与衡量才华的标准通常无关”，因此填入 measures of talent。)
9. not fixed/ changeable
(录音中提到“Growth mindset is the belief that the ability to learn is not fixed, that it can change with your effort ”，
成长型思维模式认为学习的能力不是固定的，会随着你的努力改变，因此答案为 not fixed 或 changeable。) 10. a temporary condition
(关于增强毅力，录音最后还提到“Kids with grit are much more likely to persevere ... because they don‘t believe
that failure is a permanent condition.”有毅力的孩子不会把失败看成是一种长期不变的状态，也就是说他们把失败看成是暂时的，因此本题填入 a temporary condition。) 【录音原文】
What Is Grit?
Good afternoon, everyone. [1]Today, I would like to talk about my research project concerning the key to success. I would like to start my topic with my own story.
When I was 27 years old, I left for a demanding job—teaching seventh graders math in the New York City public schools. And like any teacher, I made quizzes and tests. I gave out homework assignments. When the work came back, I calculated grades.
What struck me was that IQ was not the only difference between my best and my worst students. Some of my
strongest performers did not have super IQ scores. Some of my smartest kids weren‘t doing so well. Then, I felt very interested in knowing the reason why the students‘ math performance is not that closely related to their IQ scores. [2] I started studying kids and adults in all kinds of challenging settings, and in every study my question was, who is successful here and why. My research team and I went to West Point Military Academy. We tried to predict which students would stay in military training and which would drop out. [3]We went to the National Spelling Contest and tried to predict which children would advance furthest in competition. We worked with private companies, asking which of these salespeople is going to keep their jobs, and who‘s going to earn the most money. We went to many places and finally, one characteristic emerged as a significant predictor of success. And it wasn‘t social intelligence. It wasn‘t good looks, physical health, and it wasn‘t IQ. It was grit.
What is grit? Well, [4]grit is passion and perseverance for very long-term goals. [5]Grit is sticking with your future, day in, day out, not just for the week, not just for the month, but for years, and working really hard to make future a reality. [6]Grit is living your life like it‘s a marathon, not a sprint.
A few years ago, I started studying grit in the Chicago public schools. I asked thousands of high school juniors to take grit questionnaires, and then waited around more than a year to see who would graduate. [7]It turned out that grittier kids were significantly more likely to graduate, even when I matched them on every characteristic I could measure, things like family income, test scores, and so on.
To me, the most shocking thing about grit is how little we know, how little science knows, about building it. Every day, parents and teachers ask me, ―How do I build grit in kids? How do I keep them motivated for the long run?‖
Our data shows very clearly that there are many talented individuals who simply do not follow through on their commitment. [8]In fact, in our data, grit is usually unrelated to measures of talent.
So far, the best idea I‘ve heard about building grit in kids is something called ―growth mindset‖. [9]Growth mindset is the belief that the ability to learn is not fixed, that it can change with your effort. [10]Kids with grit are much more likely to persevere when they fail, because they don‘t believe that failure is a permanent condition.
So growth mindset is a great idea for building grit. But we need more. And that‘s where I ‘m going to end my talk, because that‘s where we are. That‘s the work that stands before us. We have to be willing to fail, to be wrong, to start over again with lessons learned.
As a conclusion, we need to be gritty about getting our kids grittier. Next time, I would like to share with you my experience in building up students‘ grit.
SECTION B CONVERSATIONS
In this section, you will hear two conversations. At the end of each conversation, five questions will be asked about what was said. Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken ONCE ONLY. After each question there will be a ten-second pause. During the pause, you should read the four choices of A, B, C and D, and mark the best answer to each question on ANSWER SHEET TWO.
You have thirty seconds to preview the questions. Now, listen to the conversations.
Conversation One
1. A. To tell the man that he has been short listed for interview. B. To ask the man a few questions about his interview. C. To explain to the man how to make a presentation. D. To tell the man the procedure of the interview. 2. A. Questions related to the job.
B. General questions about himself. C. Specific questions about his CV. D. Questions about his future plan. 3. A. Questions from the interviewers. B. Questions from the interviewee. C. Presentation from the interviewee. D. Requests from the interviewee.
4. A. Educational and professional background.
B. Problems he has faced and solved. C. Major successes in his career so far. D. Company future and his contribution. 5. A. 11 a. m., next Tuesday. B. 11 a. m., next Thursday. C. 9 a. m., this Tuesday. D. 9 a. m., this Thursday. 【答案与解析】
1. D 考点：细节题。录音中女士给男士打电话，首先提到男士已经入围面试名单，然后说道“I just want to talk you
through the procedure for the day”，因此女士打电话的目的是告知男士当天的面试流程，因此选 D 项。 2. A 考点：细节题。录音中，女士提到，男士有机会问问题，问题主要是“about the job itself, or ABC Company in
general”，因此 A 项正确。
3. C 考点：细节题。关于面试的流程，女士最后介绍了一点，即在男士提问环节后，“we‘d like you to give a short presentation”，也就是希望男士能够进行一个简短的展示，因此 C 项正确。
4. D 考点：细节题。关于展示的内容，女士提到是“how you see ABC as a company progressing, and how you see
yourself taking us there”，即希望男士在展示中陈述他对 ABC 公司发展的看法，和他可以为公司的发展做出的贡献，因此选 D 项。
5. B 考点：细节题。录音最后，女士说道“I‘ll see you at 11 a. m., Thursday next week.”因此面试时间为下周四
上午 11 点。因此选 B 项。 【录音原文】
W: Hello, this is Kate Smith. I‘m calling from ABC Company. M: Oh, hello, Kate. Great to hear from you.
W: You‘ve already been told that you‘ve been shortlisted for interview. M: Oh, yes.
W: Well, we are very excited about meeting you. OK, [1]I just want to talk you through the procedure for the day. Someone will meet you when you arrive, and then bring you up to meet myself and Arthur Miller, the CEO. M: OK, sounds good. So will you be the only members of the interview panel there then?
W: Yes, it‘ll be just me and Arthur who will talk to you. The interview will be in three parts. First of all, we‘ll ask you some general questions about yourself and your educational and professional background, and then we‘ll move on to specifics.
M: Oh, er, specifics? Well, er ... what kind of questions will you be asking?
W: Well, it‘ ll be very similar to the personal statement you submitted with your CV. We‘ll be expecting you to ... to give actual examples of problems you‘ve faced and solved, and of what you feel are the major successes in your career so far.
M: OK, well. Yeah, that sounds great. Can‘t wait!
W: [2]Then there‘ll be a chance for you to ask us any questions—about the job itself, or ABC Company in general.
M: Oh, um ... OK. I‘ll think of something!
W: [3] [4]After that, we‘d like you to give a short presentation on how you see ABC as a company progressing, and how you see yourself taking us there.
M: OK, so will I be expected to give like a formal style presentation?
W: It can be as formal or informal as you like. There‘ll be a computer and a data projector there available. If you need anything else, just let us know.
M: Oh, um ... OK, a presentation! I'll think of something. I haven‘t done one of those in a while. W: Is that all clear? M: Yes.
W: [5]Great. So, Daniel, I‘ll see you at 11 a. m., Thursday next week. M: OK, great. I look forward to meeting you! Thanks, bye. W: Bye.
1. Why does the woman call the man?
2. What kind of questions can the man ask in the interview? 3. Which is the last part of the interview?
4. What might be expected from the man‘s presentation? 5. When is the interview scheduled?
Conversation Two
6. A. The disadvantages of college loans.
B. Government financing in college education. C. How to handle the problem of college loans. D. How college students pay for their education. 7. A. It has increased by 6 to 8%. B. It has increased by 8 to 10%. C. It has decreased by 6 to 8%. D. It has decreased by 8 to 10%. 8. A. Student‘s family income.
B. First year salary after graduation. C. A fixed amount of 30,000 dollars. D. Payment in the next ten years. 9. A. Students can borrow money first. B. Students pay no tax on savings.
C. Students pay less tax after graduation. D. Students withdraw without paying tax.
10. A. Giving up charitable or volunteer work.
B. Neglecting their study at college. C. Giving up further education.
D. Neglecting high salary in job-seeking. 【答案与解析】 6. C 考点：主旨题。录音一开始女士的开场白就提到了学生债务问题，并且在接下来的讨论中也紧紧围绕这一主
题展开，比如“good debt”和“bad debt”，比如贷款多少的评估、多种贷款的方式及减轻负债的一些途径等等，由此可知，本题选 C 项。 7. A 考点：细节题。录音中男士提到“the cost of colleges has been going up at 6 to 8 percent a year”，也就是说大学
教育费用每年会上涨 6%-8%，故选 A 项。 8. B 考点：细节题。录音中男士说道“Well, one guideline is that you look at the f irst year salary in your field after
graduation”，由此可知，判断学生贷款的一个指导原则就是参照你所在行业毕业后第一年的薪水，由此可知，B 项正确。
9. D 考点：细节题。录音中提到其他的贷款方式，其中男士提到了“a college savings plan”，并且提到这种高校储蓄计
划“let you save on a tax advantage basis”，并解释道“So you can put money away in these accounts and
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