2019高考英语二轮阅读理解讲与练（解析）-细节题解题指导(1)

2019高考英语二轮阅读理解讲与练（解析）-细节题解题指导（1）

A

(2018年高考英语专题训练〕

〔此篇是科学知识类，题目有细节理解题，推断判断类，以及猜测词义，形式多样，能够很好地训练学生阅读理解能力〕

“Oldwives’tales”arebeliefspasseddownfromonegenerationtoanother.Forexample，mostofusrememberourparents’tellingustoeatmoreofcertainfoodsornottodocertainthings.Isthereanytruthintheseteachings?Someofthemagreewithpresentmedicalthinking，butothershavenotpassedthetestoftime.

Didyourmotherevertellyoutoeatyourcarrotsbecausetheyaregoodforyoureyes?Scientistsnowreportthateatingcarrotscanhelppreventaseriouseyediseasecalledmaculardegeneration.Eatingjustonecarrotadaycanreducethepossibilityofgettingthisdiseaseby40%.Garlic(蒜)isgoodforyou，too.Itcankillthetypeofvirusthatcausescolds. Unfortunately,notallofMom’sadvicepassedthetestofmedicalstudies.Forexample,generationsofchildrenhavebeentoldnottogoswimmingwithinanhouraftereating.Butresearchsuggeststhatthereisnodangerindoingso.Dosweetscausetoothproblems？Well,yesandno.Stickysweetsmadewithgrainstendtocausemoreproblemsthansweetsmadewithsimplesugars.

Eventhoughsciencecantellusthatsomeofourtraditionalbeliefsdon’thold_water,_thereisstillalotoftruthintheoldwives’tales.Afterall,muchofthisknowledgehasbeenaccumulated(积累)fromthousandsofyearsofexperienceinfamilyhealthcare.Weshouldrespectthisbodyofknowledgeevenaswesearchforclearscientificsupporttoproveittrueorfalse.

[语篇解读]我们大多数人都记得父母告诉我们要吃某些食物或者不要去做某些事情。这些告诫是对的吗？实际上，其中一些是与现在的医学思想相符合的，而另外一些却经不起考验。文章举了例子，并指出即便当我们寻找明确的科学证据来证明它的对错时，我们也应该尊重这类知识。

1、WhichofthefollowingisTRUEaccordingtothetext? A.Eatinggarlicisgoodforoureyes.

B.Stickysweetsaredamagingtoourteeth. C.Swimmingafteramealisdangerous.

D.Carrotspreventpeoplefromcatchingcolds.

[解析]事实细节题。从第三段最后一句Stickysweelsmadewithgrainstendtocausemoreproblemsthansweetsmadewithsimplesugars.可以看出，stickysweets的确可以对牙齿造成危害。 [答案]B

2、Theauthordevelopsthethirdparagraphmainly________. A.bycauseandeffect B.byorderinspace C.byorderintime D.byexamples

[解析]推理判断题。第三段第一句是主题句。随后，举了饭后一小时内游泳和吃糖这两个例子来证明主题句。因此，这一段是通过举例来构成段落的。

[答案]D

3、Thephrase“holdwater”inthelastparagraphmostprobablymeans“________”、 A.tobebelievable B.tobevaluable C.tobeadmirable D.tobesuitable

[解析]猜测词义题。从最后一段第一句可知，虽然科学告诉我们有一些传统观念不可信，但是这些老妈妈们的说法还是有一些正确的地方。holdwater指“可信的”。 [答案]A

4、Whatistheauthor’sattitudetoward“oldwives’tales”inthetext? A.Subjective. B.Objective. C.Dissatisfied. D.Curious.

[解析]推理判断题。纵观全文，作者既指出了一些传统说法的正确性，又说明了一些传统观念没有科学依据。尤其是文中最后一段作者说明了对这些观念的尊重，因此可以看出作者的态度是客观的。 [答案]B

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例1〔2018江苏卷〕DeputyAgricultureSecretaryKathleenMerriganseesanepidemic(流行

病)sweepingacrossAmericasfarmland.Ithaslittletodowiththeusualchallenges,suchasflood,risingfuelpricesandcrop-eatinginsects.Thecountry'sfannersaregettingolder,andtherearefewerpeoplestandinginlinetotaketheirplace.Nationalagriculturalcensus(普

查)figuresshowthatthefastest-growinggroupoffannersisthepartover65.Merriganisafraidtheaverageagewillbeevenhigherwhenthe2018statisticsarecompleted.

Merrigan,aformercollegeprofessor,ismakingstopsatuniversitiesacrossthecountryinhopesofencouragingmorestudentstothinkaboutcareersinagriculture.Asidefromtryingtostopthegrayingof.America'sfarmers,herworkismadetougherbyarecentblogpostingthatputagricultureatNo.1onalistof“useless”

collegedegrees.Topfederalagricultureofficialsaretalkingabouttheposting,andi

thastheattentionofagriculturalorganizationsacrossthecountry. “Therecouldn'tbeanythingthat'smoreincorrect,“Merrigansaid.”

Weknowthattherearen'tenoughqualifiedgraduatestofillthejobsthatareoutthereinAmericanagriculture.

Inaddition,agrowingworldpopulationthatsomeexpertspredictwillrequire70%morefoodproductionby2050,shesaid.

“Itrulybelievewe'reatagoldenageofagriculture.Globaldemandisatanall-timerecordhigh,andglobalsuppliesareatall-timerecordlows,“saidMattRush,directoroftheTexasFarmBureau.”

Productioncostsaregoingtobevaluableenoughthatyoungerpeoplearegoingtohavetheopportunitytobeinvolvedinagriculture.“

TheDepartmentofAgriculturehasprogramsaimedatdevelopingmorefarmersandatincreasinginterestinlocallygrownfood.TheNationalYoungFarmers'Coalitionhasalsobeenpushingforstateandfederalpolicychangestomakeiteasierfornewfarmers.

RyanBest,presidentofFutureFannersofAmerica,hasbeenlivingoutofasuitcase,travelingthecountryandvisitingwithhighschoolstudentsaboutcareersinagriculture.The21-year-oldBesthopeshismessage-thatthisisanewtimeinagriculture-willmotivatethenextgenerationtoturnaroundthestatistics.Neverbeforehavewehadtheinnovations(创

新)intechnologywhichhaveledtoagricultureinthiscountrybeingthemostefficientithaseverbeen,”hesaid.“there’sreallyaplaceforeverybodytofitin.”

59.WhatisthenewchallengetoAmericanagriculture? A.Fewerandolderfarmers. B.Higherfuelprices.

C.Morenaturaldisasters. D.Loweragriculturaloutput. [点拨]A细节理解题。根据第一段第三句“Thecountry’

sfarmersaregettingolder,andtherearefewerpeoplestandinginlinetotaketheirplace”可知，A项正确。

60.WhyisMerriganvisitinguniversitiesacrossthecountry? A. Todrawfederalagricultureofficials'attention. B. Toselectqualifiedagriculturegraduates. C. Toclarifyarecentblogposting.

D. Totalkmorestudentsintofarmingcareers [点拨]D细节理解题。根据第二段第一句中“…

ismakingstopsatuniversitiesacrossthecountryinhopesofencouragingmorestudentstothinkaboutcareersinagriculture”可知，D项正确。

pretendtheycarewhentheyreallydon’

tcareallthatmuch.Whiletheexpressionmaynotoftenbesincere,itisalwaysspoken.Thepointisthatpeoplesayitallthetimewhentheylike.

26.HowdoestheauthorunderstandMaxie’sword? A.Maxieshowsheranxietytotheauthor. B.Maxiereallywishedtheauthoragoodday. C.Maxieencouragestheauthortostayhappy.

D.Maxiereallyworriesabouttheauthor’ssecurity.

[点拨]D细节理解题根据文章的第一段最后两句可知，特别是“…

caresaboutmeandwishesmewell”等字眼。可知道是B项。

28.Bysaying“Haveaniceday,”astrangermay________.

A.trytobepolitetoyou B.expressrespecttoyou

HitoshiSakamoto,ananthropologystudentatTempleUniversityinTokyoreportssimilarexperiences.

Question:

WhatisthesimilaritybetweenDoreenSykoraandHitoshiSakamoto? A.Theyarestudentsfromthesameuniversity. B.Theyfailedinalltheexaminations.

C.Theybothhadexperiencesoftestanxiety. D.Theybothhadthesamepoorstudyinghabits. Exercise2

Iusedtothinkeducationwasthemostimportantthinginmylife.Recentlymyattitudehasbeguntochange,althoughIstillholdthatitisessentialforeveryoneintheworldtoday.Asatopjuniorstudentinmycollege,IwasaskedtomakeaspeechonhowtolearnEnglishwell.Standinginfrontoftheaudienceandfacingsomanyfreshmen,Iwastrembling.Ididn'trememberanywordthatIhadprepared.Ivanoutoftheconferenceroomwithoutfinishingmyspeech,leavingeveryonepuzzled.Icriedthatnightinmyroom,feelingthatIwasaloser.StudyingtakesupsomuchofmytimethatIfeelunabletoreallydevelopmyself.Iamjuststoringknowledge,whichIcan'tcommunicatewithothers.Ihavereceivedmanyawardsinschool,buttheydon'tnecessarilyreflectanythingaboutme.Idon'tknowhowtosocialize.WhenIleaveschool1fearIwillbeofnousetosociety.

Question:

Theauthorfeelsfearfulthatshewillbeofnousetosocietymainlybecause. A.sheisunabletodevelopherself B.studyingtakestoomuchofhertime

C.shedoesnotknowhowtocommunicatewithothers D.shefeelsthatsheisafailure Exercise3

However,thebestwaytoseeNewYorkisundoubtedlyonfoot.CentralParkisanidealplacetostartawalkingtourofNewYorkCity—

843acresofshiningpondsandlushgreeneryattractlocalsandtourists.Andapartfromofferingbreathtakingscenery,itisacentreforrecreation.Visitorscanlistentomusicgroups,watchperformers,walkalongthetrailsandeventakearomanticrideinahorsecarriage.

Question:

Accordingtothepassage,youcandoallthefollowingthingsinCentralParkEXCEPT. A.enjoythebeautifulscenery B.watchgreatperformance C.goforaswim D.takearideonahorsecarriage. Exercise4

Becarefulwhendrivingoncountryroadsatnightincoldweather.Cattleandnativeanimalssuchaskangarooslieonthebitumenroadsurfacewhichholdsthewarmthofthesun.Carlightscanblindandmesmerizetheanimalsandtheymayjustaseasilyrunintoyourvehicleasrunawayfromit.