2020年北京外国语大学研究生入学考试英语翻译基础真题

2020年北京外国语大学研究生入学考试英语翻译基础真题

第一部分：术语翻译（英译汉，每个1分，共15分）

1. ARPU 2. DTP 3. ERP 4. ETA 5. NDA

6. Alzheimer’s disease 7. departure lounge 8. financial leverage 9. general ledger

10. initial public offering 11. internal rate of return 12. Internal Revenue Service 13. pediatrics 14. pentathlon

15. rheumatoid arthritis

第二部分：术语翻译（汉译英，每个1分，共15分）

1. 融媒体 2. 氨基酸 3. 真人秀 4. 狗仔队 5. 农药残留 6. 非洲猪瘟 7. 文化事业 8. 民族地区 9. 精准扶贫 10. 中央政治局 11. 报复性关税 12. 供给侧改革 13. 非公有制经济 14. 总碳水化合物 15. 共有产权住房 第三部分：篇章翻译（英译汉，共50分）

Constantine and Christianity

The cultural and religious crisis through which the Roman Empire was passing in the fourth century is>

The person who was chiefly responsible for the many changes in the empire was Constantine the Great. During his reign, Christianity stepped for the first time>

The conversion of nations or states to Christianity has usually taken place during the early stage of their historical existence when the past has created no firmly-established traditions, but merely some crude and primitive customs and forms of government. In such cases the conversion has caused no great crisis in the life of the people. But this was not characteristic of the Roman Empire in the fourth century. It already possessed an old world culture and had developed forms of government perfect for that time. It had a great past and an extensive body of ideas which had been assimilated by the population. This empire, changing in the fourth century into a Christian state, entered upon an era during which its past was contradicted, at times completely denied; this was bound to lead to an extremely acute and difficult crisis.

第四部分：篇章翻译（汉译英，共70分）

仁

程颢伦理学的最重要特点强调“识仁”。而“识仁”之所以重要，是因为“仁”对于个人的修养及其在社会活动中具有根本性的指导作用。他说：“学者须先识仁。仁者，浑然与物同体。义、礼、知、信皆仁也。识得此理，以诚敬存之而已，不须防检，不须穷索”。相对于程颢的“识仁”说，程颐论仁的思想非常丰富，他仔细辨析了仁与博爱、仁与圣、仁与孝、仁与心的异同，体现小程子哲学思想的分析精神。

朱熹同意程颐的说法，将仁看作“爱之理，心之德”，认为“爱是恻隐，恻隐是情，其理则谓之仁。人之所以为人，其理则天地之理，其气则天地之气”。朱子特别强调“仁是温和之物”的特征，说道：“仁虽似有刚直意，毕竟本是个温和之物”。朱熹认为当我讨论一座房子时，不能只说这座房子有多大空间，还应该具体讨论这座房子本身是由什么材料构成的。房子的材料构成才是房子之体，而房子的空间多大是房子的容量。因此，在讨论“仁”的问题时，要讨论“仁”本身的构成与性质，而不能只讨论“仁”的表现形式——与万物为一体。

到近代之初，谭嗣同在西方现代文化强大力量的冲击下，提出“仁以通为第一义”的新仁学思想，已经将古老的儒家“仁学”思想与近现代的人道主义思想结合在一起了，与其他戊戌维新之士一道，开启了中国现代思想的运动。