摘要
摘 要
随着矿井开采深度的增加以及煤层倾角的增大，回采巷道，特别是靠近采空区一侧的巷道矿压显现特征与浅部的缓倾斜煤层呈现明显不同，同时区段巷道压力较大、维护困难，巷道维护问题已成为制约生产的主要环节，为此，本文结合平煤天安八矿实际情况，对深部回采巷道矿压特征进行研究，同时对沿空掘巷留煤柱宽度及锚杆支护参数进行优化，并通过现场试验进行检验。
采用FLAC3D数值模拟软件模拟煤层倾角对侧向支承压力的影响，得出随着煤层倾角的增大，侧向应力峰值及卸压区的范围均减小，且角度越大峰值下降幅度越大。采用相似模拟实验研究复杂条件下煤层开采侧向支承压力分布，得出深部开采条件下，支承压力的影响范围较浅部更大，应力集中系数更高；初次跨落步距较大，根据工作面侧向顶板结构和顶板支撑结构的应力特点，将侧向分为4个区域。
采用锚杆支护理论，相似模拟及数值模拟的实验的结果，结合八矿地质条件，对沿空掘巷留煤柱宽度及锚杆支护参数进行优化。认为煤柱留宽以3.5-4.0m为宜。
对优化后支护质量进行检验，在己15-11150回风巷布置测站，观测顶底板、两帮移近量及离层情况，实验结果表明位移量及离层情况较小，且过几天后稳定，说明优化后效果明显。
针对沿空掘巷留小煤柱主要安全隐患是采空区瓦斯向采掘空间涌入和采空区水对采掘的影响问题的实际，分别采取钻孔抽放瓦斯和工作面俯伪斜布置及探放水技术，取得了很好的效果
关键词：深部；回采巷道；支承压力；锚杆支护优化
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河南理工大学工程硕士论文
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Abstract
Abstract
With the depth of mining and inclination increasing,the advance stress behavior in mining gateway especially near goaf have obvious diversity compare to shallow slow coal seam,meanwhile,the underground pressure in gateway is great,and difficulty supporting,has become a major part of the production constraints.This article study advance stress behavior in deep mining gaeway,compare to real geology in Pingdingshan,then optimize the width of pillow as driving roadway along goaf and parameter of bolting,at last,test the efferect through field trials.
Study coal seam inclination effect to side abutment pressure by FLAC3D numerical simulation software,and find as the inclination increasing,the peak of side abutment pressure and the dimension of the region of stress-relief weaked, the greater the angle,the greater decrease in the peak. To adopt a similar simulation study of side abutment pressure under complex geology,and find the peak and dimension of butment pressure and initial trans-falling length is greater than shollow mining, and divided side direction into four regions according to roof structure and roof supporting structure in working face.
According to bolting theory, similar simulation, numerical simulation and real geology in No.8 pit of Pingdingshan, optimized the width of pillow as driving roadway along goaf and parameter of bolting,abtained the width is 3.5～4m is suitable.
In order to check the efferect to bolting after optimizing,laying observation station in J15-11150 gateway to observe delamination and displacement of roof to floor and two ribs,and obtain that the delamination and displacement is little,and stabilizing after sevenal days,this indicae optization have evident result.
According to the main risk is gas and water to hold small pillar while driving roadway along goaf,carry out drifting gas, down diagonal slice layout and water prospection and dewatering techonology,and it have evident result.
Key words：deep；mining gateway；abutment pressure；Optimizing of Bolt Support
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