专题八 非谓语动词 一、高考要求
高考非谓语动词着重考查如下几点：1. 非谓语动词作主语的用法； 2. 非谓语动词作表语的用法； 3. 非谓语动词作定语的用法； 4. 非谓语动词作状语的用法； 5. 非谓语动词作宾语的用法； 6. 非谓语动词作宾语补足语的用法。
二、命题导向
高考对非谓语动词的考查主要是其各种形式的基本用法：通过分析句子语境，根据非谓语动词在句中充当的成分、与逻辑主语的关系、与谓语动词动作发生的先后顺序等来确定使用的非谓语动词的形式。在语法填空题中，常考谓语动词与非谓语动词的甄别以及动词不定式、动词-ing形式和过去分词用法的区别。
三、基本用法
在英语中，不能作句子谓语，而具有除谓语外其他语法功能的动词，叫作非谓语动词。非谓语动词包括动词不定式、动词-ing形式和过去分词。它们在句中不受主语人称和数的制约，不能独立充当谓语，但能在句子中充当主语、宾语、宾语补足语、表语、定语和状语等成分。其形式及句法功能如下表所示：
种类 形式 to do to be done 不定式 to be doing to have done 意义特征 主动、将来 被动、将来 作主语、宾语、主动、进行 主动、完成 表语、定语、同位语、状语和补语 功能 to have been done 被动、完成 过去 done 分词 动词 -ing doing being done ,被动、完成 作表语、状语、定语和补语 主动、进行 作主语、宾语、被动、进行 表语、定语、状语(不作目形式 having done having been done 主动、完成 被动、完成 的状语)和补语 考点1 非谓语动词作主语
1. 动词-ing形式和不定式都可作主语，但动词-ing形式多表示一般情况，而不定式常指具体情况。
Teaching English is my job.
To write an email to the manager is my work today.
2. 动词-ing形式和不定式作主语时，句子前后应保持结构的一致性。 Seeing is believing. To see is to believe.
3. “there be＋no＋主语”这种结构中通常用动词-ing形式作主语，而不用不定式。这种结构表示“不可能；无法”，相当于“it is impossible to do sth.”。
There is no reasoning with him.
注意：本句型中的no有时可用not any或never any代替。如There is never any telling what will happen in the future.
4. 不定式作主语一般可以用形式主语it代替。 To keep healthy is important. ＝ It is important to keep healthy.
注意：It is＋adj.＋for sb. to do sth.中adj.常为表示不定式行为性质的词(important, impossible, right等)，如：It is impossible for a man to fly by himself. 而It is＋adj.＋of sb. to do sth.中adj.为表示人的品质的词(kind, foolish, clever, wrong, wise, nice等)，如：It is kind of you to help me with my English.
5. 动词-ing形式作主语用形式主语it代替时，常在特定结构It is worthwhile/no good/no use/a waste of…中使用。
It is a waste of time regretting for the past.
6. 单个不定式、动词-ing形式作主语时谓语动词用单数；并列不定式或动词-ing形式作主语时若指整体概念，谓语动词仍用单数。
To learn a foreign language well is not easy.
Taking exercise does good to your health.
Going to bed early and getting up early is a good habit. 7. “疑问词＋to do”结构可以作主语、宾语和表语。 Where to find the lost keys is still a problem. I was wondering how to get there. My problem is when to change the plan. 考点2 非谓语动词作表语)
1. 不定式、动词-ing形式和过去分词均可作表语。但不定式表示具体情况，而动词-ing形式表示通常状况，动词-ing和过去分词均表示主语的状态。
Tony's plan is to finish his essay by the end of this month. My favourite sport is playing volleyball. The news is very exciting. My jacket is worn out.
2. 过去分词作表语与被动语态的区别：
My money is stolen. (主系表结构，表状态或结果，多为一般时态) My money was stolen by an unemployed guy. (被动语态表被动的动作) 3. 动词-ing形式作表语与进行时态的区别： His favorite sport is playing football. (主系表结构) His behavior is pleasing. (主系表结构) He is playing football. (现在进行时) 4. 形容词化的过去分词和动词-ing形式
很多情感化的过去分词和动词-ing形式在使用中都已转化成为形容词，用作表语或状语。一般而言，动词-ing形式表属性，修饰事物；过去分词表心理活动，修饰人。常见的有：interest, move, touch, worry, inspire, encourage, disappoint, please, satisfy, bore, tire, invite, puzzle, confuse, entertain, relax, amuse, amaze, surprise, astonish, shock, embarrass, terrify, frighten, scare, discourage, annoy, exhaust等。
The pictures on the wall interest me.
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