知识点归纳
班级: 姓名:
句子时态归纳
一、一般现在时(句子中通常有always,usually,often,sometimes,never,every…, on Mondays/…)
1、句型结构:主语+V.(s)
如果主语是三单,谓语动词加s或者es.
例如:Helen likes listening to music. My sister has a toy cat. 如果主语不是三单,谓语动词用原形。
例如:I like listening to music. I have a toy cat. 2、动词+s/es形式
(1)一般动词后加s 如 reads
(2)以s、 x 、ch、 sh 结尾,加es 如 watches (3)以辅音字母+o 结尾,一般加es 如 goes (4)辅音+y 结尾,变y为i ,再加es如worries.
二、一般现在进行时 (句子中通常有now,listen, look, 具体时间等) 1、句型结构:主语+ be +V.ing
例如:I am singing in the classroom. Liu Tao is reading in the bedroom. 2、动词ing形式
(1)一般情况直接加ing, play — playing
(2)以不发音的“e”结尾,去“e”加ing,skate — skating
(3)双写词尾字母加ing,sit—sitting, swim—swimming, run—running, put—putting, get—getting, begin—beginning, shop—shopping, stop—stopping
三、一般过去时(句子中通常有just now,?ago,yesterday,last?, before等) 1、句型结构:主语+ V.ed
谓语动词加ed(不规则动词:go-went,come-came等)
例如:I listened to music last night. Liu Tao went to the zoo yesterday. 2、动词ed形式
(1)一般情况直接+ed e.g. play – played
(2)闭音节单词双写末尾单词+ed e.g. stop – stopped, shop – shopped (3)原形与过去式同型
e.g. read-read,hit-hit, put-put,let-let,cut-cut,lose—lost (4)以辅音+y结尾去y变i+ed
e.g. copy-copied,cry-cried,study-studied,become-became (5)不规则动词的过去式 is-was am-was are-were do-did can-could begin-began bring-brought buy-bought catch-caught teach-taught choose-chose come-came get-got draw-drew keep-kept drive-drove eat-ate find-found fly-flew forget-forgot 1
hear-heard drink-drank send-sent ring-rang sing-sang stand-stood give-gave try--tried meet-met run-ran sit-sat sweep-swept go-went know-knew hold--held say-said sleep-slept swim-swam grow-grew learn-learnt/learned wear--wore see-saw speak-spoke take-took have-had make-made ride-rode shall-should spend-spent teach-taught
四、一般将来时(句子中通常有tomorrow,next?,soon,this afternoon,this evening) 谓语动词结构是:be going to +do(表示计划、打算做…) 或者will +do(表示即将发生…) 句型结构:主语+ be going to / will + V.原形
例如: I am going to have an English lesson tomorrow. He will have an English lesson tomorrow.
动词使用
1、用动词原形
(1)情态动词:can,can’t ,should,shouldn’t,must,mustn’t,could,couldn’t,will,won’t 后面用动词原形,
(2)助动词do,don’t, does,doesn’t,did,didn’t后面用动词原形。 (3)let,help 后面用动词原形
2、动词加ing
like doing, love doing, go doing, finish doing, stop doing No doing(禁止做某事e.g. No eating or drinking.) 介词(be good at,about,for)后面动词加ing等
3、加to加动词原形
want to do,would like to do,have to do(不得不做某事),be going to do ,how to do(怎么样做某事),it’s time to do(?的时间到了), forget to do…(忘记做……), remember to do(记得做…),try to do (试着做…),use/reuse to do(用/再利用…做…),
主格,宾格,形容词性物主代词 主格 宾格 形物 我(的) I me my 我们(的) we us our 你(的) you you your 你们(的) you you you 他(的) he him his 她(的) she her her 它(的) it it its 他们(的) they them their 动词和介词后用宾格: 动词如:help( help me) / let (let us) / make (you) … 介词如:for(me) / from(him) /to (you) …
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名词使用
1、a lot of,lots of,some,a few,many,how many后面加可数名词复数, a lot of,lots of,some,a little,much,how much后面加不可数名词。 2、可数名词与不可数名词的分类 可数名词 不可数名词 sweet(s), cake(s), ice cream(s), egg(s), noodle(s), hamburger(s), sandwich(es), hot dog(s), lollipop(s), sausage(s), water, milk, juice, coffee, cola, tea, soup, steamed bun(s), vegetable(s), carrot(s), porridge, cereal, rice, bread, meat bean(s), tomato(es), potato(es), apple(s), … pear(s), peach(es), mango(es), grape(s) … 3、名词单复数 (1)一般情况,+s
(2)名词以s、x、sh、ch结尾,+es (3)名词以“o”结尾,有生命的+es (如potato — potatoes);无生命的+s(如photo — photos) (4)名词以“y‖结尾,元音(a,e,i,o,u)+y结尾——直接+s; 辅音+y结尾——去y变i+es (5)名词以“f”/“fe”结尾,去f/fe变ve+s
(6)特殊:man——men, tooth——teeth,foot——feet,child——children
形容词,副词
1. 形容词用于修饰名词:He is a happy boy. 副词用于修饰动词:He always sing happily. 2. 连系动词用形容词修饰:be动词(is, am, are), look, feel, keep, smell, taste, sound, get, become, make
举例:look happy, feel good, keep healthy, smell nice, taste good, sound good, become sunny… 3. 形容词到副词的变化规律 形容词 副词 形容词 副词 形容词 副词 一般情况直接+ly 特殊变化 辅音+y结尾, 去y变i +ly beautiful beautifully good well happy happily careful carefully 形容词、副词同形 angry angrily loud loudly high high easy easily bad badly fast fast busy busily excited excitedly early early heavy heavily quiet quietly late late quick quickly slow slowly sad sadly
动词变职业名词
1、动词+er/r结尾:
play --- player, teach --- teacher, sing --- singer, work --- worker,
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clean --- cleaner, drive --- driver, write --- writer, dance --- dancer, paint --- painter,love --- lover, travel --- traveller 2、+or
visit --- visitor 3、 -ist结尾:
piano --- pianist,science --- scientist, art --- artist,牙医 dentist 4、- man结尾:
post --- postman, milk --- milkman, space --- spaceman, fire --- fireman___ 5、男/女职业:
police --- policeman(男),police --- policewoman(女) act --- actor(男), act --- actress(女) wait --- waiter(男), wait --- waitress(女)
6、医生doctor,护士nurse,农民farmer,宇航员astronaut 7、China中国-Chinese中国人 America美国-American美国人 France法国-French法国人
the UK英国-British英国人 England英国- English英国人 Australia澳大利亚- Australian澳大利亚人 Japan日本 - Japanese 日本人
the US/ America美国 - American 美国人
句型转化
一、 一般疑问句做法:
(1)有Be动词(am\\is \\ are\\was\\were)时,将Be动词提到句首,剩余部分照抄;
(2)有情态动词can/would/must/will/should时,将can/would/must/will/should提到句首,剩余部分照抄;
(3)没有Be动词(am\\is \\ are\\was\\were)和情态动词can/would/must/will/should时,句首用助动词do/does/did;
(4)注意点:I变you, my 变your, us变you, me变you, our 变your. some变any
二、 否定句
(1)在句中的动词am\\is \\ are\\was\\were或can/would/must/will/should后面加not.
(2)如果没有am\\is \\ are\\was\\were或can/would/must/will/should就在动词前加don’t, doesn’t或didn’t.
三、划线部分提问:根据划线内容找到疑问词。 问物品:what 问时间:what time 问地点:where 问数量:how many 问年龄: how old 问价格:how much 问颜色:what colour 问人名: who 问谁的:whose 问形状:what shape
(注意问正在做某事问句句型: What … … doing?)
四、同义句
1、It’s time to 加动词原形= It’s time for 加名词
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