研究生英语写作考试2011年春季试卷
Part I. Choose the most appropriate one to fill in the blank for each sentence below. (10points)
1. We'll be very careful and keep what you've told us strictly _____.
A. confide B. confidence C. confident D. confidential 2. He was barred from the club for refusing to __D___with the rules.
A. be complied B. completion C. complying D. comply 3. Whether their football team will win is a matter of ____C___ to me.
A. differ B. indifferent C. indifference D. undifference 4. At school he had a good academic record, and also __D____ at sports.
A .exceed B. excellence C. excellent D. excelled 5. His letter was in such a casual scrawl and in such pale ink that it was __B_____ .
A. illegal B. illegible C. illegibility D. resistant
6. The _C____ of energy and money on the launching of the rocket is surprising.
A. expend B. expense C. expenditure D. expending
7. We should make a clear __A___ between the two scientific terms for the purpose of our discussion.
A. distinction B. distinct C. districted D. dictating 8. I think she hurt my feeling __B____ rather than by accident as she claimed. A. deliberation B. deliberately C. deliberate D. deliberating 9. The world’s governments have done ___C___ nothing to combat the threat of nuclear accidents.
A. virtual B. verbally C. virtually D. virtue 10. We should hand down a cultural ____ to posterity.
A. hesitate B. heritage C. inherited D. inheriting Part II Error Correction (10 points)
Directions: There is one mistake in each sentence. You are supposed to mark them in your answer sheet.
1. The idea (A) that learn (B) a foreign language (C) is hard work is realized (D) by every student.
B非谓语动词，改为动名词“learning”
2. A knowledge of several languages (A) is essential to (B) other majors' study (C) because without them (D) one can read books only in translation. D 代词，them改为it
3. It is required by law that a husband have to pay (A) the debts of his wife until (B) 1
formal notice is given that (C) he no longer has to pay her (D). D代词, 改成 them
4. Science is the production of new knowledge that can be applied(A), since(B) technology is the application of knowledge to the production of (C) some products, machinery or the like(D). B连接词，改成while/whereas
5．She was very angry at (A) not telling (B) the truth (C) when she listened to (D) the account.
B语态错误，改为not being told
6 The amount of pressure (A) which (B) the materials are subject to (C) affect (D) the quality of the products. D主谓一致，改为affects
7．Computer analyzed marketing reports (A) can help decide (B) which products to emphasize (C) now, which to develop for the future, and which to be dropped (D). D平行结构, 改为to drop
8. Having (A) carried out (B) economic reforms (C) in our country, people’s living standard has been greatly improved (D). D垂悬修饰语，改为people have greatly improved their living standard.
9．A wonderful day (A) for everyone to relax (B) and enjoy (C) the bright sunshine (D).
A 破句，加上 It is
10. The exact nature (A) of electricity is unknown (B), a great deal is known (C) about what it can do (D). A 串句，加上While/ Although
Part III Translate the following passage into Chinese (25points)
(1) It was found in a research project that female students were diligent, talented and capable, but knew they had to work within a culture bias that assumed they should be more dedicated to their families, especially children, than their work and career. (2) The bias in recruitment and promotion that favored men over women arose less from observational assessments of women’s real work performance than it did from deep-rooted cultural conviction that women were motivated by love for the family, and not career. (3) The emergence of a market economy provided an alternative to employment in state enterprises which, combined with the single-child generation’s entry into the job market, provided more opportunities, unimaginable in earlier decades, for young women to advance in career. (4) Some surveys suggest that the cultural bias against “mother’s problem” remains strong in many Chinese companies,
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which still denies women much deserved promotions. (5) This is less the case in multinational corporations where a different tradition and respect for women’s performance ensures that they are given positions based on their ability and not gender. (6) This is the lingering power of cultural bias against women that shapes perceptions ad thus expectations.
Part IV Translate the following sentences into English according to the instruction given in the brackets (25 points):
1. 管理层对罢工工人们的合理要求置之不理，所以工人们都很气愤。(non-restrictive relative clause/非限定性定语从句)
The management turned a deaf ear to the reasonable demands of the workers on strike, which enraged all of them.
2. 工程师们懂得，研究机器人的身体动作以及机器人和外界的关系是必要的。（simple sentence/简单句）
Engineers know the necessity to deal with the physical action of the robot, with the relationship between the robot and external world.
3. 学校鼓励的是学生独立思考，不要受老师观点的束缚，但长期以来许多学生都习惯于跟定老师亦步亦趋。（what-clause /what 引导的名词性从句）
What the school encourages students to do is to think independently and not to be confined to their teachers’ views, but the students are accustomed to following their teachers’ suit.
4. 人们注意到，一些电脑病毒席卷全球，造成巨大经济损失，并使电子邮件系统瘫痪。
（With formal subject it /用it-作形式主语）
It is noticed that some computer viruses have swept across the world，causing serious financial losses and paralyzing the E-mail systems.
5. 中国有12亿多人口，陆地自然资源人均占有量低于世界平均水平。（独立主格结构）
China has a population of more than 1.2 billion, its land natural resources per capita lower than the world's average.
IV. Write an essay on the following topic with no less than 150 words (30 points):
大学生就业难已是不争的事实，在世界金融海啸的情势下更是如此。据统计，2007年的高校毕业生有100万人未找到工作，2008年未就业的大学生有150万人，2009年，又有610万大学生要毕业，2010年有631万应届大学生要走向职场。对于国家来说，这个压力是空前的，对于高校来说，也很是情急，当然，更焦虑的是未找到工作的高校毕业生们。请分析大学生就业难的原因，至少给出三条原因。
Causes of Tough Job Market
原因一 高校扩招影响
虽然国家已经停止了扩招，但是这几年扩招的影响依然存在。2001年我国高校毕业生为115万，2002年145万，2003年212万，2004年280万，2005年380万，4年内增加了223万。仅就广东省而言，2004年高校毕业生为13.2万人，2005年为16.5万人，今年广
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东省内普通高校应届毕业生将首次突破20万人，加上来广东“淘金”的外省院校毕业生，预计今年在省内求职谋业的普通高校应届毕业生将超过30万人。
再来看全国大学生待业的人数：2001年34万大学生待业，2002年37万，2003年52万，2004年69万，2005年达到79万，今年还是一个不容乐观的未知数。 原因二 学生就业渠道不畅
目前的就业渠道无非是学校推荐、熟人介绍、校园和社会的招聘会、人才或就业网站、报考公务员，服务西部等。但是，学校推荐一般是学生干部或成绩突出者才有机会；报考公务员受专业、志趣、是否党员限制，这些只适用于特定人群。对大多数人来说，网站和招聘会才是最主要的就业渠道，还不能满足毕业生的需求。 原因三 企业用工制度不合理
记者采访发现，一些私营企业用工制度极不合理，不但不和员工签订劳动合同，而且社会保险、养老金、公积金等一系列社会福利也没有。另外，起薪较低，升幅不大，并伴有苛刻的罚款制度，让大学生确实受不了。同时，用人单位还设置经验、性别等障碍拒绝应届毕业生。拒绝的理由有动手能力差、需花费培训费用、稳定性不高等等。用人单位在招人时追求实用和低成本，存在眼光短视和心态浮躁的情况。 原因四 高校专业设置错位
一些大学的专业及课程设置有较大盲目性，专业趋同现象十分严重，造成供给严重大于需求。一些学校仍然沿袭传统的应试教育的教学方式，培养出来的一些学生高分低能。不少学校专业划分过细，难以跟上市场变化的步伐。
一些高职、高专教育专业缺乏特色，培养出来的学生理论功底不系统，应有的动手能力也不强。而用人单位对应聘者的实际操作能力、适应工作环境变化的能力提出了越来越高的要求。
原因五 学生缺乏就业培训机会
不少企业拒绝承担大学生就业后的“在岗培训”费用，招聘中普遍要求有“数年工作经验”。事实上，一个理工科毕业的大学生，需要在毕业后的工作岗位经过一定时间的继续学习，才能成为一个合格的工程师。要达到这一要求，只能是大学生个人和家庭承担，而如果把“在岗培训”转移到学校里面去完成的话，在时间和金钱上都将是非常不经济的。 原因六 学生仍然期望过高
大学生就业理念也存在一些误区，如“宁到外企做职员，不到中小企业做骨干”，“创业不如就业”，“就业难不如再考研”等。此外，据2006年大学生就业调查报告显示，目前六成大学生月薪期望值低于2000元。但近八成的用人单位却认为大学生仍存在期望过高的现象，主要表现在薪酬、地域、个人发展机会、职位要求、行业要求、假期要求和要求专业对口等方面。
而不少大学生对此感到很委屈，由于低工资难以满足他的基本生存需要，也往往不能对他形成足够的工作激励，结果必然带来就业的多次选择和用人单位对大学生的戒备心理。 原因七 学生缺乏求职技巧
用人单位表示，部分学生在求职时往往表现得不够自信，过分紧张，回答问题时支支吾吾，表现不出自己的实力。更有一些求职者面试时弄虚作假，企图欺骗蒙混过关，谁知很快就被有经验的用人单位拆穿，不得不再次承受面试失败的惨痛教训。而这样久而久之，用人单位也会觉得大学生不诚信而丧失信心。 原因八 市场对白领需求不足
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