初二英语下册导学案(知识汇总+练习题)
Unit 1单词
matter [?m?t?] v. 重要,要紧,有关系 herself [h?:?self]她自己,她本身(she的What’s the matter? 怎么了?出什么事反身代词) 了? bandage ['b?nd?d?] n. & v. 绷带;用绷带sore [s?:(r)] adj. 疼痛的,酸痛的 包扎 have a cold 感冒 sick [s?k] adj. 患病的,不适的 stomach ['st?m?k] n. 胃,腹部 knee [ni:] n. 膝盖 stomachache ['st?m?ke?k] n. 胃痛,腹痛 nosebleed [?n??zbli:d] n. 鼻出血 have a stomachache 胃痛 breathe [bri:e] v. 呼吸 foot(复数feet) [fu:t] n. 脚 sunburned [?s?nb?:nd] adj. 晒伤的 neck [nek] n. 颈,脖子 ourselves [ɑ:?selvz]我们自己(we的反身throat [θr??t] n. 喉咙 代词) fever ['fi:v?] n. 发烧,发热 climber [?kla?m?(r)] n. 登山者 lie [la?] v. 躺,平躺 be used to 习惯于… 适应于… lie down 躺下 risk [r?sk] n. & v. 风险,危险;冒险 rest [rest] n. 剩余部分,其余;放松,休take risks (take a risk) 冒险 息 accident [??ksid?nt] n. 意外事件;事故 cough [k?f] n. & v. 咳嗽 situation [?sitju?ei??n] n. 状况,形式,情X-ray ['eksre?] n. X光,X射线 况 toothache [?tu:θe?k] n. 牙痛 kg=kilogram [?k?l?gr?m] n. 公斤,千克 take one's temperature 量体温 rock [r?k] n. 岩石 headache [?hede?k] n. 头痛 run out (of) 用尽,耗尽 have a fever 发烧 knife [naif] n. 刀,餐刀 break [bre?k] n. & v. 休息,暂停;打破 cut off 切除 take breaks (take a break) 休息 blood [bl?d] n. 血 hurt [h?:t] v. 伤害,损害,使受伤,疼 mean [mi:n] v. 意味着,意思是,意欲 passenger ['p?s?nd??] n. 乘客,旅客 get out of 离开,从… 出来 off [?f] adv. prep. 离开(某处);从…去importance [?m?p?:tns] n. 重要性 掉 decision [d?'s??n] n. 决心,决定,抉择 get off 下车 control [k?n'tr??l] v. 控制,支配,操纵 to one's surprise 使…惊讶,出乎…意料 be in control of 掌管,管理 onto [??nt?] prep. 向,朝 spirit ['sp?r?t] n. 勇气,意志 trouble [?tr?bl] n. 麻烦,烦扰,问题 death [deθ] n. 死亡 hit [hit] n. & v. 碰撞,打,打击 give up 放弃 right away 立即,马上 nurse [n?:s] n. 护士 get into 陷入,参与
Unit1 知识梳理 【重点单词】
matter [?m?t?] v. 重要,要紧,有关系 What’s the matter? 怎么了?出什么事了?
sore [s?:(r)] adj. 疼痛的,酸痛的 have a cold 感冒
stomach ['st?m?k] n. 胃,腹部
stomachache ['st?m?ke?k] n. 胃痛,腹痛 have a stomachache 胃痛
foot(复数feet) [fu:t] n. 脚 neck [nek] n. 颈,脖子 throat [θr??t] n. 喉咙
fever ['fi:v?] n. 发烧,发热 lie [la?] v. 躺,平躺 lie down 躺下
rest [rest] n. 剩余部分,其余;放松,休息
cough [k?f] n. & v. 咳嗽
X-ray ['eksre?] n. X光,X射线 toothache [?tu:θe?k] n. 牙痛 take one's temperature 量体温 headache [?hede?k] n. 头痛 have a fever 发烧
break [bre?k] n. & v. 休息,暂停;打破 take breaks (take a break) 休息 hurt [h?:t] v. 伤害,损害,使受伤 passenger ['p?s?nd??] n. 乘客,旅客 off [?f] adv. prep. 离开(某处);从…去掉
get off 下车
to one's surprise 使…惊讶,出乎…意料 onto [??nt?] prep. 向,朝
trouble [?tr?bl] n. 麻烦,烦扰,问题 hit [hit] n. & v. 碰撞,打,打击 right away 立即,马上 get into 陷入,参与
herself [h?:?self] pron. 她自己,她本身(she的反身代词)
bandage ['b?nd?d?] n. & v. 绷带;用绷带包扎
sick [s?k] adj. 患病的,不适的 knee [ni:] n. 膝盖
nosebleed [?n??zbli:d] n. 鼻出血 breathe [bri:e] v. 呼吸
sunburned [?s?nb?:nd] adj. 晒伤的
ourselves [ɑ:?selvz] pron. 我们自己(we的反身代词)
climber [?kla?m?(r)] n. 登山者 be used to 习惯于… 适应于…
risk [r?sk] n. & v. 风险,危险;冒险 take risks (take a risk) 冒险
accident [??ksid?nt] n. 意外事件;事故 situation [?sitju?ei??n] n. 状况,形式,情况
kg=kilogram [?k?l?gr?m] n. 公斤,千克 rock [r?k] n. 岩石
run out (of) 用尽,耗尽 knife [naif] n. 刀,餐刀 cut off 切除
blood [bl?d] n. 血
mean [mi:n] v. 意味着,意思是,意欲 get out of 离开,从… 出来
importance [?m?p?:tns] n. 重要性
decision [d?'s??n] n. 决心,决定,抉择 control [k?n'tr??l] v. 控制,支配,操纵 be in control of 掌管,管理 spirit ['sp?r?t] n. 勇气,意志 death [deθ] n. 死亡 give up 放弃
nurse [n?:s] n. 护士
【重点短语】
1.have a fever 发烧 21. go along 沿着……走 2.have a cough 咳嗽 22. on the side of the road 在马路边 3.have a toothache 牙疼 23. shout for help 大声呼救 4.talk too much 说得太多 24. without thinking twice 没有多想 5.drink enough water 喝足够的水 25. get off 下车 6.have a cold 受凉;感冒 26. have a heart problem 有心脏病 7.have a stomachache 胃疼 27. to one’ s surprise 另某人惊讶的是 8.have a sore back 背疼 28. thanks to 多亏了 ;由于 9.have a sore throat 喉咙痛 29. in time 及时 10. take risks 冒险 30. make a decision 做出决定 11.hot tea with honey 加蜂蜜的热茶 31. get into trouble 造成麻烦 12.see a dentist 看牙医 32. right away 立刻;马上 13.get an X-ray 拍X 光片 33. because of 由于 14.take one’ s temperature 量体温 34. get out of 离开;从……出来 15.put some medicine on sth. 在……上面35. keep on doing sth. 继续或坚持做某事 敷药 36. put a bandage on sth. 用绷带包扎 16. give up 放弃 37. fall down 摔倒 17. sound like 听起来像 38. feel sick 感到恶心 18. all weekend 整个周末 39. have a nosebleed 流鼻血 19. in the same way 以同样的方式 40. cut his knee 割伤他的膝盖 20. go to a doctor 看医生 41. put her head back 把她的头向后仰
42. have problems breathing 呼吸困难 43. mountain climbing 登山运动 44. be used to doing sth. 习惯做某事 45. run out (of) 用完;用尽
【重点句型】
1. What's the matter with you? = What'the trouble with you?
= What's wrong with you? 你怎么了? 2. What should she do? 她该怎么办呢? 3.Should I take my temperature? 我应该量一下体温吗?
4.You should lie down and rest. 你应该躺下休息一会儿。
46. so that 以便
47. so...that... 如此……以至于...… 48. be in control of 掌管;管理
49. in a difficult situation 在闲境中
5. Do you think it comes from a newspaper or a book? 你认为它是来自报纸还是书呢?
6. I think I sat in the same way for too long without moving.我想我以同样的姿势一动不动地坐得太久了。
7. She said that the man had a heart problem and should go to the hospital. 她说这个人有心脏病应该去医院。
01词汇讲解
1. have a cold
have a cold是动词短语,意为“患感冒,伤风”,也可以说成catch a cold/get a cold或take a cold。其中have表示“患病,得病”,不能用于进行时态,但可与一段时间连用,表示状态;而catch/get a cold则表示瞬时动作,不能同一段时间连用。例如: I have had a cold for three days. 我感冒三天了。 此句也可以表达为:
I had/caught/got a cold three days ago. 【拓展】
表示人体某部位“痛”时的几种结构:
(1)have a + 身体部位名词后加-ache构成。例如: have a headache 头痛 have a toothache 牙痛 have a stomachache胃痛
(2)have a sore + 身体部位名词。例如: have a sore throat 喉咙痛 have a sore arm 胳膊痛 have a sore foot 脚痛
(3)身体部位 + hurt/ache。例如: My eyes hurt. 我眼睛痛。 My legs ache. 我腿疼。
(4)have a pain in/ on + the + 身体部位。例如:
I have a pain in the arm. 我胳膊痛。
(5)There is something wrong with + one’s + 身体部位。例如: There is something wrong with your eyes. 你的眼睛有毛病。 2. rest
(1)rest作及物动词,意为“使休息”,作不及物动词,意为“休息”。例如: You should rest your eyes after a lot of reading. 在大量阅读之后,你应该休息一下你的眼睛。 I’m tired, and I want to rest. 我累了,我想休息。
(2)rest也可以作名词,常用搭配have a rest,表示“休息一下”。例如: You have a cold,and should have a rest. 你感冒了,应该休息一下。 3. break
(1)break作不及物,意为“弄碎,破碎”。break的过去式为broke,过去分词为broken。例如:Glass is easily broken. 玻璃容易破碎。
(2)break作及物动词,意为“弄碎,弄断”。例如:
Li Ming broke his left leg last night. 昨晚李明摔断了左腿。 (3)break作及物动词,意为“不遵守”。 例如:
As a student, you shouldn’t break school rules. 作为学生,你不该违反学校规则。 【拓展】
(1) break down 意为“(机器)坏了”。例如:
We are sorry to arrive late, because the car broke down. 我们很抱歉到晚了,因为车抛锚了。 (2)break into 表示“破门而入”。例如:
I caught two men trying to break into the office. 我瞧见两个人想闯入我的办公室。 (3)break out 表示“(战争、瘟疫、火灾等)爆发”。例如:
World War II broke out in September 1939. 第二次世界大战爆发于1939年9月。 4. hurt
(1)hurt作及物动词,意为“使受伤,使弄痛”,过去分词和过去式都是hurt。例如: He hurt his right knee. 他伤了右膝。
I hope you haven’t hurt yourself. 但愿你没有受伤。
(2) hurt 既可指肉体上的伤害,也可指精神上、感情上的伤害。例如: You hurt her feelings when you said she was fat. 你说她胖,伤害了她的感情了。
I don’t mean to hurt you. 我并非有意伤害你。 (3)hurt作不及物动词,意为“疼痛”。例如: My feet hurt when I walk. 我走路时脚疼。
I caught a cold and my head hurt. 我感冒了而且头痛。 5. free
free作及物动词,意为“使自由”。例如:
Can you free me for half an hour? 你能让我自由一个小时吗? 【拓展】
(1)free作形容词,表示“自由的;空闲的”。例如: You are free to ask questions. 你可以请随便问。 Are you free tomorrow?你有空吗? (2)free还可作“免费的”。例如:
Are the drinks free? 这饮料是免费的吗?
The books are given away free. 这些书是免费赠送的。
(3)free的副词freely可表示“自由地,随便地等”,可位于动词之前或之后。例如: You may speak freely. 你可以直言。
He could write freely about it now. 他可以自由地写这个事了。 6. mean
(1)mean作及物动词,表示“打算,意味着”,后接名词,动词不定式短语或从句。例如:
The red light means “Stop”. 红灯表示停止。 I mean to go shopping. 我的意思是去购物。
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