The sign means that the road is blocked. 这个标志表示此路不通。(2)mean的名词形式是“meaning”,表示“意思、含义”。例如:
What’s the meaning of the word?这个单词的是什么意思?
(3)What do / did you mean by...? 该句型的意思是“你……是什么意思?” 例如: What do you mean by acting like this? 你这样做是什么意思? 7. lie
lie是动词,意为“躺”,过去式和过去分词分别为lay和lain,现在分词为lying。例如: I found he was lying on the ground. 我发现他躺在地上。 【拓展】
(1) lie有“位于”的意思。例如:
A temple lies on the top of the mountain. 一座寺庙位于山顶之上。
(2) lie作动词时,也可意为“撒谎”,过去式和过去分词是规则的,均为lied。lie也可用作名词,意为“谎言”。例如: Don’t lie to me.不要向我撒谎。
The boy told a lie to me. 这个男孩向我撒了谎。 原形 词义 过去式 过去分词 现在分词 lie lay lain lying 躺;位于 lie lied lied lying 说谎 (3)英语中,部分以-ie结尾的动词的-ing形式必须改ie为y再加-ing。例如: die → dying tie → tying lie → lying 8. breathe
breathe可以作不及物动词也可以作及物动词,意为“呼吸”。例如: The old man is breathing hard.这位老人呼吸困难。 It’s good to breathe fresh air. 呼吸新鲜空气有好处。 【拓展】辨析breathe和breath
这两个词都是表示“呼吸”的意思,但词性不同。breath 是名词;breathe 是动词。例如:
He has run himself out of breath. 他跑得上气不接下气。
It’s healthy to breathe deeply in the morning 早上做深呼吸对身体有益。
breath的常用短语:take a deep breath 深呼吸;out of breath上气不接下气 9. ourselves
ourselves是反身代词,意为“我们自己”。表示“某人自己”的代词,叫反身代词,也叫自身代词。反身代词在句子中可以作宾语、表语和同位语,需要注意反身代词与所指代的名词或代词在人称、性别和数上保持一致。 反身代词的构成是:
第一人称和第二人称是“形容词性物主代词+-self/selves”。例如:myself(我自己),ourselves(我们自己),yourself(你自己),yourselves(你们自己)
第三人称是“宾格代词+-self/selves”;单数形式是加-self,复数形式是加-selves。例如:himself(他自己),herself(她自己),itself(它自己),themselves(他们自己) 注意:对于单数人称的反身代词加-self,对于复数人称的反身代词加-selves。 常用短语有:
by oneself 某人独自
enjoy oneself=have a good time 玩得开心 teach oneself 自学
help oneself to… 随便吃、喝…… dress oneself 自己穿衣服 hurt oneself 伤了自己
练一练:
I. 英汉词组互译。
1. have a cold _________ 2. 量体温_________
3. to one’s surprise_________ 4. 同意做某事_________ 5. be used to doing sth... ________ 6. 看医生________ 7. run out of_______ 8. 下车________ 9. thanks to ________ 10. 及时________ II. 根据汉语或首字母提示补全句子。
1. Do you______ (介意) if I open the window? 2.Be careful,not to _______(受伤) yourself. 3.Tom is in a difficult s_______.
4.I have made a d_______ about my study goal for the new term. 5.We should look after o_______ when we are alone at home. 6.If you have a fever,you s_______ lie down and rest.
7.I have a _______(牙疼),so I want to see a dentist(牙医). 8.They retire(退休) and have a lot of f_______ time. III. 从括号中所给单词的适当形式填空。 1.It’s hard to make a _______(decide) now. 2.Is she used to _______(walk) after supper?
3.The _______(die) of her lovely cat makes her sad.
4.As time goes by,we can realize the _______(important) of love. 5._______ he _______(have) a sore back? 6.He should _______(have) some hot water. 7.Look! A dog _______(lie) at the door. 8.We are _______(surprise) at the news.
9.He kept on _______(work) though his leg hurt.
10.No one can be successful _______(with) hard work. 【参考答案】 I. 英汉词组互译。
1.感冒 2.take one’s temperature 3.使某人吃惊 4.agree to do sth.
5.习惯于做…… 6.go to see a doctor 7.用尽;耗尽 8.get off 9. 多亏;由于 10. in time
II. 根据汉语或首字母提示补全句子。
1.mind 2.hurt 3. situation 4. decision 5. ourselves 6. should 7. toothache 8. free III.从括号中所给单词的适当形式填空。 1. decision 2.walking 3. death 4.importance 5. Does,have
6. have 7. is lying 8.surprised 9. working 10. without
02重点句型解析
1. What’s the matter?
What’s the matter?和What’s wrong?是用来询问对方出了什么毛病或问题,意为“怎么了?”,是医生询问病人病情时的常用语。例如: — What’s the matter? 你怎么了? —I have a stomachache. 我胃疼。 —What’s wrong, Tom? Tom怎么了?
—I don’t feel very well. 我感觉不太舒服。 【拓展】
What’s the matter?和What’s wrong?后可接with sb. / sth.,即What’s the matter with sb./ sth.?或What’s wrong with sb./sth.?意为“某人/某物怎么了?”例如: What’s the matter with you? = What’s wrong with you? 你怎么了?
—What’s wrong / What’s the matter with your leg? 你的腿怎么了? —Nothing. 没什么。
注意:matter是名词,其前只能加定冠词the;wrong是形容词,前面不需要加任何冠词。能说What’s your wrong? 和What’s your matter? 2. —What should she do?
—She should take her temperature.
should作情态动词,意为“应当,应该”。表示义务、责任,可用于各种人称,无人称和数的变化,也不能单独作谓语,只能和主要动词一起构成谓语,表示说话人的语气和情态;否定形式为should not,缩写为shouldn’t。其主要用法有: (1) 表示责任和义务,意为“应该”。例如:
You should take your teacher’s advice. 你应该听从你老师的建议。 You shouldn’t be late for class. 你不应该上课迟到。 (2) 表示推断,意为“可能,该”。例如:
The train should have already left. 火车可能已经离开了。 3. But to his surprise,they all agreed to go with him.
(1) surprise作动词时,意为“使……惊奇,使……感到意外、吃惊”。例如: What surprised you? 什么事使你感到意外?
(2) surprise作不可数名词时,表示“惊奇,惊异”。例如: Her face showed surprise at the news.
听到这个消息,她的脸上露出了惊奇的表情。
(3)surprise作可数名词时,表示“惊奇、惊讶、意外的事或吃惊的事”。例如: He gave me a surprise by arriving early. 他的早到使我大感意外。
(4)作名词用时常可构成如下短语:
to one’s surprise意为“使某人吃惊的是……”; in surprise意为“吃惊地 ”。例如: To my surprise, he passed the exam. 使我吃惊是,他竟然通过了考试。
He looked at me in surprise. 他吃惊地望着我。 4. He was not ready to die that day.
(1)ready 作形容词,意为“准备好的”。例如: Is everything ready? 一切都准备好了吗? Are you ready? 你准备好了吗?
(2)be/get ready to + 动词原形,意为“准备做……”。例如: I’m getting ready to travel. 我正准备去旅行。 【拓展】
be ready for意为“准备去……”,后接名词或动名词,同义短语为get ready for。例如: I’m ready for bed. 我正准备睡觉。
The chicken will soon be ready for the pot. 这些鸡肉很快就可以准备下锅了。
5. Aron loves mountain climbing and doesn’t mind taking risks.
mind作及物动词,意为“介意、照料、留神、注意”。常用于疑问句、否定句、条件句中,后面接名词、代词、动词-ing形式或从句。例如:
Would you mind opening the window? 你介意打开窗户吗?
Don’t mind me.不要管我。
【拓展】mind还可作名词,意为“智力、头脑、想法、意见”。例如: He has quick mind. 他头脑敏锐。
Tom changed his mind at last. 最后Tom改变了主意。
练一练:
I. 按括号中的要求改写句子。
1. We had a good time in the park yesterday. (同义句转换) We ______ ______ in the park yesterday.
2. Sleeping eight hours a night is very important. (同义句转换) ______ very important ______ ______ eight hours a night. 3. It’s important that we should eat a balanced diet. (同义句转换) It’s important ______ ______ ______ ______ a balanced diet. 4. What’s the matter with you? (同义句转换) What’s ______ ______ you?
5. I think I have a cold. (改为否定句) I ______ ______ I ______ a cold.
6. She has a toothache. (对划线部分提问) ______ the ______ ______ her? 7. My head hurts. (同义句转换) I ______ a ______.
8. There is a tall building in front of my house. (同义句转换) A tall building ______ in front of my house.
9. He need not return the book three days ago. (同义句转换) He ______ ______ ______ return the book three days ago.
10. I hope to buy a present for my mother with my own money. (同义句转换) I hope ______ I ______ ______ a present for my mother with my own money. II.根据汉语提示完成下列句子。 1. — 你的手表怎么了? — 它不走了。
— ______ ______ _____ your watch? — It’s doesn’t work.
2. 多吃蔬菜和水果对我们来说是必要的。
It’s necessary ______ us ______ ______ more fruit and vegetables. 3. 那个男孩喜欢用英语和别人说话。
The boy ______ ______ ______ others in English. 4. — 你怎么了? — 我牙疼。
— ______ ______ ______? — I have a ______.
5. 你看上去气色不好,请躺下休息一下吧。
You don’t look ______. Please ______ ______ and have a rest. 6. 你应该帮助你母亲做家务。
You ______ ______ your mother ______ the housework. 7. 你介意调低音乐吗?
Would you ______ _____ ______the music? 8. 所有学生在为运动会做准备。
All the students _____ _____ _____ _____the sports meeting. III. 补全对话。
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