大学英语B级语法(6)

ordered）+that?”结构中的that引导的主语从句以及它们相应的名词（引导的表语和同位语从句中；从句的谓语用“（should）+动词原形”

e.g. It’s necessary that you should be present at the meeting. 你有必要参加会议。 3．虚拟语气运用其他从句中：

（1）运用在wish后面的从句中表示“愿望”，运用在as if从句中表示“好像”，谓语形式：

用动词的过去式虚拟现在的情况；用过去完成式虚拟过去的情况；用would（或might）+动词原形虚拟将来的情况。 I wish I knew the answer. 但愿我知道答案。

It is wished that he had not made the mistake.他要没犯此错误该多好。

The old lady is quarrelling with others as if she were mad.那位年老的女士正在和其他人争吵，就好像她疯了一样。 （3）运用在would rather后面的从句中

表示“希望”，用动词的过去式虚拟现在或将来的情况，用过去完成式虚拟过去的情况。

e.g. I’d rather I had seen the film. 我真希望我看过这部电影。

（4）运用在It is (high) time后边的从句中

表示“该干??的时间到了”，用动词的过去式或should+

动词原形。

e.g. It is time that we had/should have a rest.该是我们休息的时间了。

C．例题讲解

1）Had you come five minutes earlier, you ______ the train to Birmingham. But now you missed it. （《大学英语》（B）Test 1, 43）

A. would catch B. would have caught C. could catch D. should catch

解析：B。虚拟语气用法，这里是对过去发生的事情虚拟，用“if从句+had come，主句+would have caught”。此题前面的从句省略了if，所以根据句法要求倒装，将had提前到句首。 2）The dean of the Philosophy Department requested that the visiting scholar ______ a lecture on the philosopher Sartre. （《大学英语》（B）Test 3, 39）

A. gave B. give C. would give D. had given

解析：B。request（要求）后面的宾语从句用虚拟语气，从句的谓语动词用“（should）+动词原形”。

3）I wish everybody _______ the meeting tomorrow. （《大学英语》（B）Test 4, 36）

A. will attend B. would attend C. attended D. is going to attend

had

解析：B。wish后的从句用虚拟语气。当表示与将来希望相反时，从句中的谓语动词用“would+动词原形”。

4）I would rather _______ two weeks earlier. （《大学英语》（B）Test 4, 45）

A. you should come here B. you come here C. you came here D. you had come here 解析：D。would rather后的从句用过去完成式虚拟过去的情况。 5）It’s time we _______ the lecture because everybody has arrived. （《大学英语》（B）Test 4, 26）

A. will start B. shall start C. start D. started

解析：D。“It is (high) time+从句”结构中，从句中的谓语动词用一般过去式表示虚拟语气。

（十一）主谓一致

A. 知识要点

主谓一致就是谓语动词必须在数和人称上与主语取得一致。主谓一致的关系根据“语法一致”、“意义一致”、和“就近一致”三项原则来实现。

1．语法一致

（1）由and连接两个或两个以上的并列主语时（指的是两个或两个以上不同的人或事物）谓语动词用复数。

e.g. The woman and her husband work in the same office.那妇女和她丈夫在同一个单位 工作。

（2）做主语的名词后面有as well as, with, together with, except, but, like, no less than等引导的短语时，谓语动词的数由做主语的名词决定。

e.g. An expert, together with some assistants, was sent to help in this work. 一位专家和几位助手被派去协助这项工作。 The children, like their parents, are very kind-hearted.这些孩子像他们的父母一样都那么好心肠。 （3）主语为动词不定式(to do)、动名词(V-ing) 以及从句做主语时谓语动词用单数。

e.g. To see is to believe. (Seeing is believing.) 眼见为实。

What he told us was not the truth. 他所告诉我们的不是事实。

2. 意义一致

（1）有and连接两个或两个以上的并列主语时，但是表示同一

人或事物，或代表一个概念，动词用单数。

e.g. The professor and president of our school is retired. （2）主语为all, half, most, some, any, none等不定代词时，通过上下文确定其实际意义，谓语动词的单复数形式则根据主语的实际意义来决定。

e.g. His weekends? Half are spent in the country. 他的周末？一半是在乡下度过的。

His time? Half was spent on books. 他的时间？一半是花在了读书上。

（3）主语为形容词或分词加定冠词转化来的名词时， 如果指一类人，为复数意义，谓语动词用复数；如果指单个人或抽象概念，为单数意义，谓语动词用单数。

e.g. The killed were buried on the hillside. 那些被害者被埋在了山坡上。

The killed was his neighbor. 那被害者是他的邻居。

3．就近一致

主语为either?or?, neither?nor?, not only?but also等连接的并列名词时，谓语动词的数取决于它最靠近的名词的数。 e.g. Neither the children nor their father was in the car. 无论是孩子们，还是他们的父亲都不在车里。

e.g. Neither the father nor his children were in the car.

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