高考英语议论文写作指导(精)

高考英语议论文写作指导

议论文通过议论或说理来表达作者的见解和主张. 作者对某一问题持有一种看法,为了使读者同意自己的看法,提出若干理由,企图说服他人.

议论文的写作步骤:

1. 引言(introduction.由于英语作文受时间.字数的限制.因此,审清题意之后在引言段中作者就必须简单解释要讨论的问题,并明白地亮出自己的观点,如提倡什么,支持什么,反对什么.

2. 主体段(main body.主体段是议论的过程,作者必须有足够的证据(adequate proofs来论证自己的观点.一般可提出一个或两个proofs, 并对此用一两句话分别进行阐述.

3. 结论(conclusion.结论段可以用一两句话来结束文章.同时要注意与引言段呼应,但不能照搬前面的原话.

议论文的写作要点:

1.观点鲜明.一个明确的中心论点.

2.层次分明.一个中心论点通常有几个分论点支持,不同层次之间要分明,过渡清晰自然.

3.最后一段总结,得出结论. 4.时态:一般用一般现在时. 5. 语言简洁有力,一般不采用口语. 议论文的三要素:

论点是作者在文章中提出的对某一个问题或某一类事件的看法、观点、主张,它要求要正确、鲜明、有针对性。一篇议论文只能有一个中心论点。议题的提出要开门见山,不要拖泥带水,一般在开头提出,然后加以论证。

论据是证明论点正确的证据,要想证明论点的正确,首先,论据必须让人觉得真实、可信,能够充分证明论点。其次,论据要具有典型性,能收到“以一当十”的效果。第三,论据要新颖,尽可能寻找一些新鲜的、能给人以新的感受和启示的论据。一般是以事实为论据,也可以利用成语,格言,名人名言作为论据。

论证是议论文中必不可少的部分。一段完整的议论,只有通过论证证明论据和论点之间的内在逻辑关系,才能将论据和论点融为一体,也才能构成一篇完整的、有说服力的文章。

议论文的类型:

①“一分为二”的观点。从两方面去分析一个问题,然后阐述自己的观点。 ②“两者选一”的观点。分析两种事物的优劣势,阐述自己的观点。

③“我认为……”型。阐述对某一事物的客观看法,如“你对课外阅读的看法。 ④“怎样……(how to”型。分析怎样解决一个问题,如“怎样克服学习中碰到的困难”。

⑤看图(表作文。通过阅读图表中的数字与项目得出一个结论或形成一种看法。

一 “一分为二”观点的议论文模式 Introduction

第1段:Nowadays more and more people…________________/…plays an important part

in…________________ like everything else___________,…has/have both favorable and unfavorable aspects/both advantages and

disadvantages____________________. Generally, the favorable aspects/advantages can be listed as follows. ____________________

Main body

第2段:Firstly,… Secondly,…In addition_________/What’s more… _____________

第3段: Every coin has two sides. ________________The negative aspects/disadvantages are also

apparent/obvious._______________________ To begin with…_________; To make matters worse…______________; Worse of all… _______________

Conclusion

第4段: Through above analysis__________________/All things considered, we can see that the positive aspects/advantages outweigh the negative ones/disadvantages._________________ Therefore…__________

“一分为二”类作文范例

例文1. 看电视的利与弊Advantages and disadvantages of watching TV Nowadays more and more people like to watch TV. So TV plays a very important part in our life. But watching TV has both advantages and disadvantages. Generally, the advantages can be listed as follows.

Firstly, you can expand your knowledge by watching TV. As we all know, learning things by TV is much faster than by listening to the radio or just by reading books. For it has colorful pictures as well as wonderful music.

Secondly, you may know anybody you want to know such as famous singers, super stars, scientists and so on.

What’s more, you can go everywhere by traveling programs. Let’s suppose, if you like traveling very much, but you have to work on weekends or holidays, you must be very sad. And now open your TV and it’ll take you to anywhere.

Every coin has two sides. The disadvantages are also obvious. For example, watching too much TV can easily become short-sighted, especially for children and students. To make matters worse, some young students are keen on watching TV so that they give up their studies gradually.

Through above analysis, I think watching TV is a way of studying, it is good for us to watch TV. But when we watch TV, we should make a plan otherwise watching TV will destroy our life.

请看下面的范文:

Shall we send children to study abroad?

With more and more people becoming rich in recent years, it is a new tendency for them to send their children to study abroad. But I don’t think it is a good idea. First of all, children are too young to look af ter themselves. Second, the language barrier is a serious problem. Many children are not proficient in the f oreign language before going abroad. As a result, they have difficulty in understanding what the native spea kers are talking about. Third, they may get into trouble when dealing with various situations for lack of kno wledge of the customs in the strange land. Furthermore, the cost of living is much higher than that in our c ountry, which might cause a heavy burden to the family.

In conclusion, there are more disadvantages in sending children to study abroad. So, we’d better not do it.

例文2. 谈谈出国留学的利与弊Where to attend a college

Nowadays more and more young people are going to study abroad. Like everything else, studying abroad has both favorable and unfavorable aspects. Generally, the favorable aspects can be listed as follows.

Firstly, they think by attending a college in a foreign country they can learn not only useful knowledge, but also the culture and customs of other nations. Secondly, they can take advantage of this opportunity to gain a good command of the foreign language they are learning very quickly. Moreover, they can meet different people and experience

different cultures, which may help to broaden their views.

Every coin has two sides. The negative aspects are also apparent. The costs are much higher than those in their native country. Most overseas students have to work for a living, which can’t allow them to pay all their attention to study. What’s more, they may feel very lonely.

Through above analysis, we can see that the positive aspects outweigh the negative ones. Therefore, I am in favor of going abroad to study.

写作练习:

①谈谈校服(school uniforms.

提示:近年来,越来越多的中小学要求穿校服.对此引发了学生中由对这个问题的讨论,请写一片英语短文阐述你的观点.

Reference: some of the main arguments for and against school uniforms. FOR AGAINST

1.Students look neat and tidy. 1.Uniforms are expensive.

2.The public knows which school you are from. 2.Children grow fast, need new uniforms.

3.Parents all pay the same money. 3.Some uniforms are very uncomfortable. 4.Students don’t worry about fashions. 4.Students all look the same, can’t be individuals.

5.Teachers can identify students on school trips. 5.Get bored with same clothes every day.

6.Good discipline for students. ②说广告(about advertisement.

提示:有人说广告在现代社会是很重要,有人认为广告的促销成分太多,你认为……

二 “两者选一”观点的议论文模式

模式⑴:A、B两者优劣势分析,要么选A,要么选B. Introduction

第1段:Some people hold the opinion that (A is superior to (B in many ways. Others, however, argue that (B is much better. Personally, I would prefer (A because I think (A has more advantages.

Main body

第2段:There are many reasons why I prefer (A. The main reason is that … Another reason is that…(赞同A的原因

第3段: Of course, choosing (B also has advantages to some extent, (列出1~2个B的优势

Conclusion

第4段: But if all these factors are considered, (A is much better than (B. From what has been discussed above, we may finally draw the conclusion that …(总结观点

例文: Which is better? Cars or bikes?

Some people hold the opinion that private cars are superior to bicycles in many ways. Others, however, argue that the bicycle is much better. Personally, I would prefer the use of cars because I think cars have more advantages.

There are many reasons why I prefer cars. The main reason is that cars bring convenience and mobility to the owners. What’s more, a car is far more comfortable to travel in, especially in the changeable weather. Another reason is that, when more people buy cars, the automobile industry will develop more quickly. The growth of the

automobile industry can motivate the rise of other related industries such as iron and steel production.

Of course, bicycles can take you to anywhere you like in town and does not need a large parking place. Besides, it is not as expensive as a car and therefore every family can afford to buy.

But if all these factors are considered, cars are much better than bicycles. From what has been discussed above, we may finally draw the conclusion that people can live better with the use of cars.模式⑵: A、B优势相当,依情况而定,有条件地选择A或B.

Introduction

第1段:Which would you prefer if you are faced with the choice between (A and (B? Before you make the decision, you had better make a close comparison.

Main body

第2段:It is true that(选择A的优势之一. It is also true that(选择A的优势之二. But (选择A的劣势.

第3段: Though.(选择B的劣势, (选择B的优势之一. Furthermore, (选择B的优势之二.

Conclusion

第4段: Therefore, if you…, you should choose (A, but if you…, you should choose (B. (总结观点,提出建议

例文: Listening to the radio or reading the newspapers?

Which would you prefer if you are faced with the choice between listening to the radio and reading the newspapers? Before you make the decision, you had better make a close comparison.

It is true that listening to the radio is quick and convenient. It is also true that we can listen to the radio while are doing something else. So we can save a lot of time. But radio programs have their own time schedule. You cannot get the information you need every time you turn on your radio.

Though newspapers are not as quick as radio, reading from the newspaper can certainly bring us news more clearly and more exactly. Furthermore, while reading, we have time to think about what we are reading, to judge it, to analyze it, and then we will be more aware of its cause and effect.

We are living in an information age. We have to make full use of the information we can get if we are to achieve our goals.

Therefore, if we want to get the latest news, we can listen to the radio, but if we want to get the exact words, we’d better read the newspaper.

“两者选一”类作文范例 健康与财富(Health and Wealth

提示: 健康与财富哪个更重要一直是一个热门话题(hot topic,请简述你的观点. ②哪里住更好(Where to live?

提示: 有的人喜欢往城里挤,有的人喜欢往乡下搬. 各有所好,孰是孰非,你以为如何?

以“Divorce:A Good Thing or a Bad Thing?”(离婚:好还是不好?为题进行三段论构思。其第一段通常为Different people hold different views on the issue of divorce(主题句总揽全段和全文.Some people believe that divorce means social instabi lity or immorality…(从一个方面.On the contrary, other people think that marriage should not be an inescapable chain to bind a men and a woman……(从另一个方面.If the couple have different personalities and can no longer be compatible with each other, the author thinks the best way out is to get a divorce(提出自己的观点,即文章的论点。作者在文章的第二段将对上述两个方面进行对比分析;在最后一段,作者从正反两个方面对自己的观点进行分析与综合、归纳与总结并提炼自己的观点。图表类作文范例

假如你是李华,在最近的研究性学习当中,受《21世纪中学生英语报》(The 21st Century之邀,你对你所在的班60名同学(男女各半进行了上网目的的调查。现将调查结果(如下表所示用英语给报社的编辑写一封信,报道此事,以引起舆论的关注,并提出你的观点和建议。

注意:1、报道应包括图表所示全部内容,可适度发挥。 2、文章的开头与结尾已给出,不计入总词数。

3、词数:150

4、参考词汇:调查:make a survey Dear editor,

I have recently made a survey among 30 boys and 30 girls in my class about their purpose of getting on t he Internet.

______________________________________________

[思路点拨]

题材:书信;说明+议论 时态:一般现在时 人称:第三人称

要点提示:1上网的目的;2读新闻;3发送邮件;4聊天;5学习;6玩游戏;7评语 图表描述应注意的问题:

1 要突出重点,抓住图表中的极端点。如:最大或最小、最多或最少、最好和最差。

2总趋势的描述必须准确,要看出总的规律、趋势,抓住特征。

3图表往往提供大量数据,应仔细观察分析,从中选择有效信息,图表上资料、数据的描述必须选择重点,不能事无巨细,一一列出。

4充分利用图表中提供的文字或说明。同样,图表中没有的信息不能凭主观任意捏造。

5说明、描述图表时应该注意动词时态,属于过去发生的应该用一般过去时,属于经常发生的应该用一般现在时。

6句子结构要力求有变化、不要总是一个句型。 7考生应该熟练掌握一些固定句型和表达方式。

8拼图比较形象、直观,常用来表示总体与部分、部分与部分之间的比例关系,一般以百分比的数字呈现。

9表格提供大量数据,应认真分析表格中各数据之间的内在联系,发现各项目的变化规律。

10常见错误有1,主谓一致,2,时态,3,介词 英语图表写作套句精选:常用的描述用法 1As is shown in the table... 如表格所示...

2From the table/chart/diagram/figure, we can see clearly that...or it is clear/apparent from the chart that... 从图表我们可以很清楚(明显看到...

3The diagram shows (that... 该图向我们展示了...

4 The table/chart diagram/graph/ figures/statistics shows (that 5 According to the table/chart diagram/graph

6 As can be seen from the table/chart/diagram/graph/figures, 7It can be seen from the figures/statistics 8We can see from the figures/statistics 图表中的数据(Data具体表达法 增加:increase / raise / rise / go up ..

减少:decrease / grow down / drop / fall / decrease.

波动:fluctuate / rebound / undulate / wave ... 稳定:remain stable / stabilize / level off ... 在同一时期during the same period

As can be seen from the diagram, great changes have taken place in... 从图中可以看出,...发生了巨大变化in the year between...and... 在...年到...期间...

the number sharply went up to... 数字急剧上升至... in terms of / in respect of / 在...方面 in contrast 相反,大不相同 表示数据变化的单词或者词组

rapid/rapidly dramatic/dramatically significant/significantly sharp/sharply steep/steeply steady/steadily gradual/gradually slow/slowly slight/slightly stable/stably 图表类作文标准化结构:

Para 1, 两句话:第一句:This is a _____chart, which demonstrates the number of_____ from ____ to ____. 如果两个图,则:There are two charts below. The _____ chart describes the number of _____, and the ___ __ chart illustrates the figure of ____. 第二句:(所有题目适用,From the chart we can see that the numb er of ______ varies constantly/greatly in _____.

Para 2, As we can see from the chart,/or It is clear from the chart that ____. 如果有两个图:则:The _____ chart shows that ______./or As we can see from the first chart, _______

Para 3, (如果两个图的话， It is clear from the second chart that … Para 4 结尾：From the figures/statistics above, we can see/conclude/draw a conclusion that … 不同观点之间的衔接: 不同观点之间的衔接: 总起: 总起: Different people hold different opinions. However, …of them hold a different view. / …of the Opinions are divided. m hold the opposite opinion. People who are against it don’t think so. People have taken/adopted different attitudes towards … People have different opinions on this problem. However, each coin has two sides. People take different views on this question. Different from those…., …people think …. 表达不同观点: On the other hand, … people object that …. 表达不同观点: …of them hold the opinion that …. 并列关系：and, as well as, also… …of them are in favor of the idea that… 递进关系：besides, in addition, moreover, what’s more… People who are for/against the idea think … 比较、对比：like, unlike, on the contrary, on the other hand Some people believe that…. Others argue that … 注意连接词和过渡词等词语的使用， 以增强文章的条理性和逻辑性。 first, 4. 注意连接词和过渡词等词语的使用， 以增强文章的条理性和逻辑性。 常用的过渡词和连接词包括： second, third, finally, in addition, furthermore, besides, what was worse, more importantly, in contrast, because, since, now that, therefore，

consequently，in that case, as a result/consequence, in conclusion, to sum up 等等。 写作常用逻辑衔接词 根据衔接词本身在文章中所起的作用,主要分为以 根据衔接词本身在文章中所起的作用 主要分为以 下四类,即 起 承 转 合 下四类 即 “起” “承” “转” “合”. 1. 表示 起”的常用词语 用于开篇引出扩展句 表示“起 的常用词语 用于开篇引出扩展句. 的常用词语. at first at present currently first(ly in the beginning to begin with first of all in the first place lately to start with now 有关“承 的常用词语 用来承接上文,表递进 的常用词语. 表递进. 2. 有关 承”的常用词语 用来承接上文 表递进 After/after that/afterwards After a few days After a while Also/too At any rate At the same time Besides Furthermore In addition In addition to In fact In other words In particular particularly In the same way Incidentally Indeed Meanwhile Moreover No doubt 6 Obviously Of course 有关“ 的常用词语. 3. 有关“转”的常用词语. 用来表示不同或相 反的意思. 反的意思. After all even though All the time nevertheless Anyway

nonetheless At the same time still Conversely in fact matter In/by contrast as a matter of fact Despite especially Fortunately however In spite of luckily Though/although no doubt On the contrary otherwise Unfortunately unlike Whereas yet 有关“ 的常用词语. 4. 有关“合”的常用词语. 用于小结上文或结 束本段落的内容. 束本段落的内容. Above all in sum Accordingly in summary whole As a consequence on the whole As a result therefore As has been noted thus As I have said to speak frankly At last to sum up At length to summarize Briefly surely By doing so to conclude Consequently no doubt Eventually undoubtedly Finally doubtless Hence truly In brief so conclusion In conclusion obviously In short certainly All in all

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