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2020年高考英语二轮复习《代词》讲学案(含解析)

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高考对代词的考查主要涉及在给定的上下文中运用代词的能力,以及对不定代词和替代词的考查。命题主要出现在单项填空、完形填空、语法填空、短文改错等题型中,侧重于在具体语境中考查各种代词之间的区别。其考点主要包括:

1.考查替代词的用法。常考的替代词有one, ones, the one, the ones, that, those, it等。 2.考查不定代词的用法。常考的不定代词有any,some,all,none,other,another, every, nothing等。

3.考查反身代词的用法。常考的反身代词有myself, yourself, himself, herself, itself, themselves等。

4.考查it的用法。it作形式主语、形式宾语的用法; it的实指用法; it的虚指用法,如:can help it, put it, catch it, come it, make it, see to it that等。

一:both,all,either,each,every,neither,none的用法

1.both,either,neither用于两者。both意为“两者都”;either意为“两者中的任何一个”;neither意为“两者中的任何一个都不”。如:

Both the boys are clever.两个男孩每个都很聪明。 Either of the two boys is clever.两个男孩都很聪明。 Neither of the two boys is clever.两个男孩都不聪明。

2.all,none,each,every用于多者。all意为“全部都”,指可数的东西时为复数,指不可数的东西时为单数;none意为“全都不,任何一个都不”,指可数的东西时可为单数或复数,指不可数的东西时为单数;each和every意为“每一个”,为单数,两者都能作定语用,但each还可作主语、宾语和同位语。

All of the students are there. All (of) the milk is there.

Every student in our school works hard. 我们学校的学生都很用功。

Each student may have an e-dictionary./Each of the students has an e-dictionary./The students each have an e-dictionary.

每个学生都可有一本电子词典。 二:some和any的用法

1.表示“一些”时,some常用于肯定句;any常用于否定、疑问或条件句中。如: If you have any questions, please ask me.

2.在疑问句中可用some,表示希望得到对方肯定的回答。如: Would you like some coffee?

3.some可接单数名词表示“某一个”;any可接单数名词表示“任何一个”。如: I remember having read this article in some magazine. Here are three novels.You may read any. 三:复合不定代词的用法

由some,any,no,every加上-body,-one,-thing构成的不定代词,叫复合不定代词。 1.some构成的不定代词一般用于肯定句,意为“某人或某物,重要的人或事”。如: Somebody is waiting outside. I have something for you.

She thinks she's something since she won the prize. 获奖之后,她觉得自己了不起了。

2.any构成的不定代词一般用于否定句、疑问句或条件状语从句中,意为“随便某个人或物,无论什么人或物,什么人或物都可以”。如:

Does anybody else want to go? There isn't anything in the box.

If anyone wants to go on the trip, register here please! 有时也用于肯定句中表示“任何人或物”。如: Anybody can work out that simple maths problem. You can take anything you like.

3.no构成的不定代词意为“没什么人或物”。如: I know nothing about it. There is nobody here.

4.every构成的不定代词意为“一切人或物,每个人或物”。everything还可表示“最重要的人或物”。如:

Everybody enjoyed themselves on vacation. She does everything to help her mother. Her son is everything to her.

对她来说儿子就是一切。

四:the other,other,another,others,the others的区别 the the other可单独使用,特指两个人或物中的“另一个”;也可修饰名词表示“另other/ 外的……”。other不能单独使用,只能修饰名词,表示泛指意义 other

可单独使用,也可修饰名词,泛指三者或三者以上的人或物中的“另一个”,代替anothe或修饰单数可数名词。另外another后可接“基数词/few+复数名词”形式,表示“另r 外的……(多少)” others/ the others

He is willing to help others/other people.

Twenty of the students in our class have been to Beijing. The other students/The others have not.

Some of us like football, and others are fond of basketball. We need another five chairs/five more chairs. 五:none,no one,nobody,nothing的区别

既可指人,也可指物;侧重数量,通常指三者或三—How much money do you 者以上的人或物;后可接of短语;作主语时谓语动词可none 用单数,也可用复数;常用来回答由how many/much引—None. 导的疑问句 no 只能指人;是泛指概念,常用来回答由who引导的one/ 疑问句;不与of短语连用;作主语时,谓语动词用单数 nobody nothin只能指物,且表泛指概念;常用来回答由what引导—What are you doing —Nobody./No one. —Who is in the room? have? others只能单独使用,表示泛指意义,意为“其他的人或事物”,常与some一起出现;特指“其他的全部人或事物”时用the others g 的疑问句 now? —Nothing. 考点六:替代词的用法和区别

替代前面提到过的同一个人或者it 物 one用来替代前面出现的单数名one/one词,是泛指概念,相当于a/an+单数s 名词。其复数形式为ones some better ones. that用来替代前面出现的同类的名词,是同类替代,但并非同一个,可that/ 以是可数名词,也可以是不可数名词。those 指代单数可数名词相当于the one。其复数形式为those,相当于the ones 考点七:it的用法

1.it可用于无人称句,表示自然现象、季节、时间、距离、环境等。如: It is getting warmer and warmer.

It was already ten o'clock when he arrived home. It's ten minutes' walk from here to our school. It's very quiet at the moment.

2.it可代替不定式、动名词或从句作形式主语或形式宾语。如: It's important for us to learn a second language.

We must make it clear that anyone who breaks the law will be punished. 3.熟记下列有关it的固定句型

make it;get it;keep it up;see to it that;put it

考点一 all, both, any, either, neither, none的辨析

例1.It's an either-or situation — we can buy a new car this year or we can go on holiday but we can't do ________.

A.others

B.either

that in Nanjing in winter. The weather in Beijing is much colder than These shoes are not good enough. Show me I read last time. —No, I haven't found it. I think this book is better than the one —Have you found your pen? C.another D.both

【解析】选D 句意:这是一种二选一的情况,我们今年要么买一辆新车,要么去度假,但两者不可兼得。空格处表示部分否定,应用not ... both,故选D。

【变式探究】I've lived in New York and Chicago, but don't like ________ of them very much. A.either C.each

B.any D.another

【解析】选A 句意:我在纽约和芝加哥住过,但是我不喜欢它们中的任何一个。题干中提到“芝加哥”和“纽约”两个城市,根据转折词but可知,后面的意思应为“两个都不喜欢”,所以选A。

【变式探究】Although Rosemary had suffered from a serious illness for years, she lost ________ of her enthusiasm for life.

A.some C.none

B.neither D.all

【解析】选C 句意:虽然罗斯玛丽多年身患重病,但是她一点也没有失去对生活的热情。根据句意可知,此处表示“一点儿也不,一点儿也没有”,所以应用none。

考点二 another, the other, (the) others, the rest的辨析

例2. Recycling is one way to protect the environment; reusing is ________. A.another C.one another

B.the other D.one

【解析】选A 句意:回收是保护环境的一种方法;而重复使用是另一种。another表示“(三者及三者以上的)另一个”;the other表示“(两者中的)另一个”;one another“相互”;one“一”。

【变式探究】To her joy, Della earned first the trust of her students and then ________ of her colleagues.

A.that C.ones

B.one D.those

考点三 it, one, ones, the one(s), that和those的辨析

例3. The traffic on the main streets has a longer green signal than ________ on the small ones.

A.one C.that

B.this D.it

【解析】选C 句意:大街上的绿灯比小街上的绿灯亮得时间更长。that在此处替代前面提到的traffic,以避免重复。one泛指可数名词单数;this通常指代下文要提到的事情;it指代上文出现的同一事物。

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