国际航运业务英语与函电

Lesson 1

1. Business letter have two purpose: to inform, and to organize 2. The general principle for the effective business letter-writing can be summed up in the “three C`s”. in the other words, letters should be :clearness、conciseness、courtesy、correctness、completeness、consideration(the “you” attitude)

Lesson 2

A business letter in English generally consists of eight main parts:

1. Heading (Letterhead)

2. Date ：英（日月年）；美（月日年） 3. Inside Name and Address 4. Salutation(称呼) 5. Subject Line (Caption) 6. Body of letter 7. Complimentary Close

Salutation close

英式：Dear Sirs/Sir/Madam yours faithfully Dear Mr/Mrs/Miss/Ms Smith yours sincerely 美式：Gentlemen sincerely/truly yours

8. Signature

Lesson 3 applications

When you write an application letter, as a rule,

The first step is to state you relevant information and requirements to the party concerned in clear and straightforward sentence.

The second step is to put in your request to them for assistance with courtesy.

The last step is to express your desire that the above mentioned request will be fully complied with without delay.

Lesson 5 personal injury and death

The report of personal injury and death should include the following points:

1. The exact time and place of the accident and identity of the persona injured

2. The conditions at the time of the accident and explanation of whether they brought about the accident

3. Description of the accident and nature of injuries, stating the treatment administered to the injured person on board and/or shore

4. Analysis of the cause of the accident, ascertaining where

the responsibility lies

5. Names of the witnesses to the accident, including crewmembers, if any, and a drawing or photograph of the area where the accident occurred

Lesson 7 cargo work

The chief officer should take into consideration the following principles in the handing of stowage and carriage of cargo 1. The most efficient use of space:

This is means that every cubic foot of ship`s space must be utilized to the best advantage and the broken stowage reduced to the minimum

2. The highest possible port speed

The distribution of cargo in the holds must be such as to assist correct and speedy cargo handling. It is customary to stow the cargo in reverse order of the intended discharge to avoid rearrangements of the consignments, and will not affect the ship`s stability, trim or strength 3. The safety of the cargo 4. The safety of ship and crew

Lesson 8 cargo damage

There are various kinds of cargo damage:

1. Original damage: is a damage to cargo, which originally occurred before the shipment.

2. Stevedore damage: refers to the damage to cargo, which occurs as a result of rough handling of cargo by stevedores at the handling or discharging port.

3. Heavy weather damage: mainly refer to water damage to cargo, which often results form the heavy weather encountered by the ship either in loading operation an dock or on the voyage at sea

4. Sweat damage: sweat is condensation, which forms on the ship`s side or on the surface of cargo within spaces due to the fluctuations of temperature on a long voyage

5. Pilferage(theft): is one of the causes of cargo shortage or loss, which frequently occurs in loading or discharging operations

6. Inherent nature or vice of goods:

Lesson 9 port of regulations and agencies

Generally, the business scope of a shipping agency includes the following:

1. Attending to the procedures for ship`s entry into and departure form a port and arranging for pilotage , ship`s berthing, customs declaration formalities for inward and

outward shipment

2. Arranging marine survey, ship`s repair and fumigation; cleaning and sweeping of cargo holds and supply of bunkers, fresh water, provisions, store, ect

3. Arranging shipments, booking space, applying for supervision of loading/discharge, inspection, testing, weighting or measuring of cargo

4. Subject to authorization, signing bills of lading and issuing documents relevant to handing/taking over of cargo or containers and arranging settlements of cargo claims 5. Attending to procedure for cargo operations, including stuffing/unstuffing,

transshipment

and

combined

transportation of containers

6. Attending to marine casualties and salvage; arranging medical treatment, replacement and repatriation for crewmembers 7. Attending

to

chartering,

purchase/sale,

delivery/redelivery and handing/taking over of ships; signing charter parties and purchase/sale contracts 8. On behalf of entrusting parties, calculating and collecting freight; attending to settlement of despatch money or demurrage

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