IDEA议会制四队辩论赛规则 - 图文

IDEA Four-Team Parliamentary Debate Rules IDEA议会制四队辩论赛规则 The rules of IDEA Four-Team Parliamentary Debate are intended to closely follow IDEA议会制四队辩论赛谨遵循世界大专辩论赛（WUDC）的规those of the Worlds Universities Debating Championships (WUDC). They differ in 则。两者略有不同之处，以便比赛主办方根据需要灵活操作。 some places to provide tournament directors options of deviating from the WUDC rules when they need to do so. The Teams and Motions 参赛队伍及辩题 The teams supporting the motion in the IDEA Four-Team Parliamentary 在IDEA议会制四队辩论赛中，支持辩题的队伍为“正方”，反对辩Debate are referred to as the \题的队伍为“反方”。 are known as the \ “辩题”，即辩论所围绕展开的议题。辩题将辩手分为正反两方，且A ―motion‖ is the statement around which the debate takes place. The motion divides the ground in the debate between the Proposition and Opposition teams and 双方均有合理辩论的余地。 should allow for reasonable arguments both for and against. 通常，辩题于各轮比赛开始前十五或三十分钟公布；每轮辩题均不Ordinarily, motions are announced shortly before each debate begins. A ，“国际关系”等）甚至辩题本different motion will be used for each debate and will be presented to the debaters 相同。有时，辩题范围（如“环境问题”at a specified time, usually fifteen to thirty minutes prior to the debate. In some 身也会在大赛开始前公布。 situations general topic areas (for example ―environment‖ or ―international relations‖) or even specific motions themselves may be announced prior to the tournament. The motion will be announced to all debaters simultaneously in a central 辩题将在一个中央地点向所有辩手公布。准备时间为十五至三十分location. Preparation time will be between fifteen and thirty minutes, at the 钟，由大赛主办方规定。通常，辩手在准备时间内可以与自己的搭档讨discretion of the tournament director. In general, debaters may confer with their 论。某些情况下，主办方也允许辩手与教练或带队老师讨论。此间，辩debate partner during preparation time. In some cases, a Tournament Director may 手可以参阅任何纸质资料。世界大专辩论赛允许辩手在辩论过程中使用allow debaters to confer with their coach or tutor. During this time the debaters may consult any written materials. The rules of the World Universities Debating 任何纸质材料；而其他比赛仅允许辩手在准备时间内使用事前准备好的Championships permit debaters to access any written material during the debate; 资料。准备期间，通常可以使用电子词典，但禁止使用其它一切电子设other tournaments permit the debaters to access only the notes they made in 备。 preparation time. Electronic retrieval devices typically are not allowed during preparation, though electronic dictionaries typically are permitted for second-language speakers. The Debate Format 辩论模式 Four teams participate in each debate: two on the Proposition and two on the 每场辩论由四队参加：正方两队，反方两队。各队独立准备。每Opposition. Each team works independently to either support or oppose the 队两名辩手，每位辩手按如下顺序陈词，不超过7分钟。 motion. Each team is made up of two speakers; each speaker will present a speech not to exceed 7 minutes in the order prescribed below. Summary of the Debate Format 辩论模式简要 Team Common Titles for Speaker Time 辩手 辩手名称 时间 st1 Proposition, “Prime Minister” 7 minutes 正方一队，一辩 首相\ 7 分钟 1st Speaker 反方一队，一辩 反对党领袖\7 分钟 1st Opposition, 1st “Leader of the Opposition” 7 minutes Opposition\ Speaker 正方一队，二辩 副首相\ 7 分钟 1st Proposition, “Deputy Prime Minister 7 minutes 反方一队，二辩 反对党副领袖\7 分钟 2nd Speaker the Opposition\ 1st Opposition, “Deputy Leader of the Opposition” 7 minutes 正方二队，一辩 内阁成员\7 分钟 2nd Speaker Government\ 2nd Proposition, “Member for the Government” 7 minutes st1 Speaker 反方二队，一辩 反对党成员\for the 7 分钟 nd2 Opposition, “Member for the Opposition” 7 minutes Opposition\ st1 Speaker 正方二队，二辩 内阁党鞭陈词\ 7 分钟 nd2 Proposition, “Government Whip” 7 minutes 反方二队，二辩 反对党党鞭陈词\7 分钟 nd2 Speaker Whip\ 2nd Opposition, “Opposition Whip 7 minutes 2nd Speaker Parliamentary Points of Information Debaters may offer a point of information (either verbally or by rising) at any time after the first minute, and before the last minute, of any speech. The debater holding the floor may accept or refuse points of information. If accepted, the debater making the request has fifteen seconds present the point of information. During the point of information, the speaking time of the floor debater continues. If accepted, the debater offering the point of information is allowed to ask a question, offer a brief argument, or offer a brief refutation of some point. The debater who accepted the point of information should respond to the point immediately. No other parliamentary points such as points of order or points of personal privilege are allowed. 议会制辩论质询 在所有陈词中，除第一分钟及最后一分钟外，辩手都可以口头示意或直接起立提出质询。正在发言的辩手可以接受或拒绝该质询。一旦质询被接受，质询者有15秒的时间陈述自己的意见。质询时间将被计算在陈词时间内。 如质询被接受，质询者可以提问、提出一个简要论点或者对某一观点进行简要反驳。正在发言的辩手应该立即对质询作出回应。 议会制辩论中只允许质询这一种干预形式。 Speaker Roles and Speech Purposes Each speaker has a role and each speech should have a purpose. The descriptions of speaker roles and speech purposes listed below are suggestive and are not intended to be exhaustive or exclusive. For reasons that vary from debate to debate, speakers may sometimes need to fulfill roles not mentioned here and speeches may be constructed to serve other purposes as long as proposition speakers affirm the proposition and opposition speakers oppose it. Debaters will be judged on the overall strength of each team’s arguments, not simply on whether or not they fulfilled the roles and responsibilities listed in the table below. All speakers, except the final speakers for the proposition and opposition (Proposition and Opposition Whips), should introduce new material into the debate. All debaters, except the opening speaker (Prime Minister), should engage in refutation. Summary of Speaker Roles and Responsibilities Team Speaker Roles and Responsibilities 辩手职责以及陈词目的 每位辩手在辩论中各司其职，每一次陈词也各有其目的。下表列出了辩手职责和陈词目的，但无法穷尽，也非硬性规定。根据每场辩论的具体情况，辩手可能需要履行下表未提及的职责，陈词目的也可能有所变化，但只要遵循“正方维护辩题、反方攻击辩题”的规则即可。裁判将根据各队论点的有力程度为各辩手评分，而不是简单地根据其完成自己职责的程度评分。以下列出的职责仅供参考。 除正反方最后一名辩手（内阁党鞭和反对党党鞭）外，所有的辩手都应引入新内容。除正方一辩（首相）外，所有辩手都应进行反驳。 辩手职责及义务小结 队伍 辩手 职责与义务 正方一队 首相 正方一队的首要任务是为一场有意义的辩论打造一个平台。 首相的职责可参考以下数点： 1)合理诠释辩题，下定义； 2）给出支持该论点的论证体系。论证体系是指支持第一正方论点的一个或数个论据； 3) 使用任何首相认为重要的策略。 First ―Prime Proposition Minister‖ The primary role of First Proposition team, initiated in this speech, is to establish the foundation for meaningful debate on the motion. The Prime Minister’s responsibilities may include some or all of the following: 1) offer a reasonable interpretation of the motion, 2) to present a case supporting that interpretation. A case is simply one or more arguments supporting the First Proposition’s interpretation of the motion, and 3) other strategies deemed important by the Prime Minister. First ―Leader of Opposition the Opposition‖ First ―Deputy Proposition Prime Minister‖ The primary roles of the First Opposition team are to confront the First Government’s case and to establish the First Opposition’s strategy for opposing this case. The Leader of the Opposition’s responsibilities may include some or all of the following:: 1) to directly or indirectly refute part or all of the government's case, 2) to make at least one argument that demonstrates why the First Opposition team opposes the motion as interpreted by the Prime Minister, and 3) to pursue other strategies deemed important by the ―Leader of the Opposition.‖ The opposition speaker may also challenge the interpretation of the government's case if it is unreasonable, that is, if it completely misinterprets the motion the motion or severely inhibits meaningful debate. The Deputy Prime Minister’s responsibilities may include some or all of the following: 1) to reestablish the First Proposition’s case by confronting any refutation presented by the Leader of the Opposition, 2) to refute some or all of the arguments presented by the Leader of the Opposition. 反方一队 反对党领袖 正方一队 副首相 反方一队的首要职责在于回应正方一队提出的论证体系；并给出反对辩题的原因。 反对党领袖的职责可参考以下数点： 1) 直接或间接反驳正方部分或全部论证体系； 2)至少给出一个理由，阐明反方为何反对首相诠释的辩题； 3） 使用任何反对党领袖认为重要的策略。 必要时，反对党领袖可以质疑正方给出的辩题定义，如正方给出定义完全不合理或严重影响辩论质量。质疑定义只能正方在极端曲解辩题时使用。 副首相的职责参考如下： 1) 攻击反对党领袖对正方提出的反驳，并重新建立起正方论据； 2) 反驳反方提出的部分或所有论据；

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