IDEA议会制四队辩论赛规则 - 图文 (3)

Example of Interpreting a Motion Motion: 示例：解释辩题 辩题：中华人民共和国应强化保障工人安全的政策。 定义：大多数词汇的定义都是清晰的。我们把“强化”定义为“加大力度”。因此，这个辩题要求先介绍现有政策，再讨论如何加大力度。 框架：该辩题框架如下。 A. 执行者：中华人民共和国 B. 行动方案：制定法律要求煤矿经营者赔偿每名死难矿工家庭一百万元人民币。 The PRC should strengthen policies to enhance worker safety. Definitions: Most definitions are clear. We define ―strengthen‖ as ―to make stronger.‖ Therefore the motion asks for a policy that begins with a current policy and makes it stronger. Framework: The framework for this debate will be the following policy proposal./ A. Actor: The Peoples’ Republic of China B. Action:Enact legislation requiring coal miner operators to pay families of coal miners killed in workplace accidents 1,000,000 Yuan each. Student Exercises for Interpreting a Motion I. II. Divide students into small groups. Select a different motion and ask groups students to construct reasonable interpretations of that motion. 练习: 解释辩题 I. 将学生分成若干小组。 II. 选择不同辩题，要求各组学生对各自辩题进行合理的解释。 III. 每组选出一名代表在全班范围内讨论他们对辩题的解释。 III. Each group will appoint a spokesperson to discuss their interpretation with the larger group. Principles of Constructing a Case for the Proposition I. II. C. III. Benefits: Will the action proposed by the affirmative team be of any benefit? Will it solve or alleviate the problems occurring because of the current policy? A case for the proposition is one or more arguments that support the framework presented by the proposition team. Necessity–Policy–Benefits method of organization A. B. Necessity: Is there a need for changing the current policy? Does the current policy create problems? Policy: Present the action that the proposition team proposes as an alternative to the current policy. Comparative Advantage Method of Organization A. B. Policy: Present the action that the proposition team proposes as an alternative to the current policy. Advantages: Show how one or more advantages will result by replacing the current policy with the alternative action proposed by the proposition team. 1. Show that the proposed action creates some effect. 2. Show that the effect has desirable consequences. 正方立论的基本原则 I． 正方立论需要提出一个以上的论点已构成立论框架 II． “必要性-方案-好处” 结构法 A. 必要性：是否有必要改变现行政策？ 现行政 策是否产生了问题？ B. 方案：正方提出一个可取代现行政策的方案。 C. 好处：正方的提案有何好处？它会解决或缓解现行政策引发的问题吗？ III． 优势比较法 A. 方案：正方提出一个可取代现行政策的方案。 B. 优势：显示出正方提案将有何收效。 1. 举出新方案产生的效应。 2. 举出这些效应引发的积极影响。 Example of a Case for a Proposition Necessity–Policy–Benefits Method The PRC should strengthen policies to enhance worker safety. I. Necessity. A. Coal mine deaths are significant. At least 3,800 people died in the PRC from coal mine accidents last year. B. Coal mine deaths are out of proportion in the PRC. China produces 35% of the world's coal yet has 80% of the world's coal miners' deaths. C. Current policy is to pay 200,000 yuan to families of deceased coal miners. II. Policy. We propose that The People's Republic of China enact legislation requiring coal mine operators to pay the families of coal miners killed in workplace accidents 1,000,000 yuan each. III. Benefits: Fewer miners will die. A. Our policy increases the economic penalty for miner death by five times. B. This increase will provide an economic incentive for companies to improve workplace safety. 示例：“必要性-方案-好处”结构法 辩题：中华人民共和国应该加强保障工人安全的政策。 I. 必要性。 A. 煤矿工人死亡人数众多。去年至少3,800名矿工死于矿难事故。 B. 中国的煤矿产量和工人死亡人数比例反常。中国煤矿产量占世界35%，但矿工死亡数占世界80%。 C. 现行政策是给已故矿工的家庭支付200,000元人民币。 II. 方案。我们提议，立法规定，赔偿金额应增至1,000,000元人民币。 III. 好处：矿工死亡人数将会减少。 A. 该提案加大处罚力度，将赔偿金额提高到原来的五倍。 B. 新提案将敦促煤矿公司改善工作环境，提高安全系数。 Example of a Case for a Proposition Comparative Advantage Method This House believes that the PRC should strengthen policies to enhance worker safety. Policy: We propose that The People's Republic of China enact legislation requiring coal mine operators to pay the families of coal miners killed in workplace accidents 1,000,000 yuan each. Advantage I: The proposition’s proposed policy would decrease accidental death of mine workers. A. Coal mine deaths are significant 1. At least 3,800 people died in the PRC from coal mine deaths last year. 2. Coal mine deaths are out of proportion in the PRC. China produces 35% of the world's coal yet has 80% of the world's coal miners' deaths. B. Current policies are not strong enough 1. Current policy is to pay 200,000 yuan to families of deceased coal miners. 2. This policy does not provide enough of an incentive to increase mine workers’ safety C. The Proposition plan will help alleviate the problem. 1. The proposition proposes to increase the fine for a mine worker’s death by five times. 2. Such an increase will provide an economic incentive for companies to improve workplace safety. 示例：比较优势法 辩题：中华人民共和国应该加强保障工人安全的政策。 提案：我们提议，中国立法规定，矿主给每位在矿难中死亡的矿工家庭支付1,000,000元人民币。 优势 I: 正方提案将会减少矿工的死亡。 A. 矿工死亡人数众多。 1．中国去年至少3,800名矿工死于矿难事故。 2．中国的煤矿产量和工人死亡人数比例反常。中国煤矿产量占世界35%，但矿工死亡数占世界80%。 B. 现行政策力度不够。 1．现行政策规定，向每名死亡矿工的家庭赔偿金额为200,000元人民币。 2. 这项政策不足以敦促矿主增强矿工工作环境的安全性。 C. 我们提出的方案将有助于缓解问题。 1. 该提案加大处罚力度，将赔偿金额提高到原来的五倍。 2. 新提案将敦促煤矿公司改善工作环境，提高安全系数。 注：正方不一定要举出一条以上的比较优势，但如果他们愿意，Note: The proposition team is not required to present more than one comparative advantage, however, if they choose, they can present additional advantages if they wish using the same format as described above. Advantage II: In addition to saving lives by reducing accidents, the proposition’s proposed policy would increase mining efficiency. A. Chinese mines are not efficient 1. Chinese coal mines are 8.8% as efficient as South African coal mines. 2. Chinese coal mines are 2.2% as efficient as American coal mines. B. The proposition policy will increase efficiency. 1. By creating an economic incentive for worker safety, the policy will reduce accidents which results in fewer delays in extracting coal. 2. By increasing the cost of coal miners’ deaths, coal companies will have an added incentive to invest in advanced mining technology which will increase the efficiency of coal production. C. Greater efficiency helps to ensure steady energy supplies which will expand the economy and improve the quality of life for all Chinese. 可以用以上方式，举出更多的优势。 优势II: 正方提案不仅会减少事故挽救矿工的生命，还能提高采矿效率。 A. 中国采矿效率偏低。 1. 中国采矿效率是南非工人的8.8%。 2. 中国采矿效率是美国工人的2.2%。 B. 提案将会提高采矿效率。 1. 经济处罚，将减少事故，从而减少事故造成的工期延误。 2. 增加矿工死亡成本，将迫使煤矿公司投资先进技术来提高煤矿的生产效率。 C. 采矿效率提高将确保能源的稳定供应，有助于经济发展和生活质量的改善。

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