英语美国文学史复习资料

英语美国文学史复习资料

一、时期综述（关于清教的应该都是重点）

1、清教徒采用的文学体裁：A、narratives 日记

B、journals 游记

2、清教徒在美国的写作内容：①their voyage to the new land ②adapting themselves to unfamiliar climates and

crops

③about dealing with Indians ④guide to the new land, endless bounty, invitation to bold spirit

★3、清教徒的想法：①Puritans want to make up pure their religious beliefs and practices.净化信仰和行为方式②wish to restore simplicity to church services and the authority of the Bible to theology.重建教堂，提供简单服务，建立神圣地位③look upon themselves as a chosen people, and it follow logically that anyone who challenged their way of life is opposing God’s will and is not to be accepted.认为自己是上帝选民，对他们的生活有异议就是反对上帝。④Puritan opposition to pleasure and the arts sometimes has been exaggerated.反对对快乐和艺术的追求到了十分荒唐的地步。⑤religious teaching tended to emphasize the image of a wrathful God.强调上帝严厉

的一面，忽视上帝仁慈的一面。

4、典型的清教徒： John Cotton and Roger Williams

他们的不同：John Cotton was much more concerned with authority than with democracy.

Williams begins the history of religious toleration in America.

5、Williams的宗教观点：Toleration did not stem from a lack of religious convictions. Instead, it sprang from the idea that simply to be virtuous in conduct and devout in belief did not give anyone the right to force belief on

others. He also felt that no political order or church system could identify itself directly with God.

行为上的德，信仰上的诚，并没有给任何人强迫别人该如何行事的权利。没有任何政治秩序和教会体制

能够直接体现神本身的意旨。

6、英国最早移民到美国的诗人：Anne Bradstreet

7、在殖民时期最好的清教徒诗人：the best of Puritan poets is Edward Taylor.

学习指南：

1、Could you give a description of American Puritans? 关于美国清教徒的描绘

Like their brothers back in England, were idealists, believing that the Church should be restored to the ―purity‖ of

the first-century Church as established by Jesus Christ Himself. To them religion was a matter of primary importance. They made it their chief business to see that man lived and thought and acted in a way which tended to

the glory of God. They accepted the doctrine of predestination, original sin and total depravity, and limited atonement through a special infusion of grace from God, all that John Calvin, the great French theologian who lived in Geneva had preached. It was this kind of religious belief that they brought with them into the wildness. There they meant to prove that were God’s chosen people enjoying his blessings on this earth as in heaven.

2、Hard work, thrift, piety and sobriety were the Puritan values that dominated much of the earliest American

writing.

3、The work of two writers, Anne Bradstreet and Edward Taylor, rose to the level of real poetry.

4、The earliest settlers included Dutch, Swedes, Germans, French, Spaniards Italian, and Portuguese.

理性和革命时期文学

Economically

Background Colony → state 1770s uprising(争端) in North→ American against→ Britain

→ politics 1776-1783 war of Independence → USA politically

Representatives： Benjamin Franklin: Autobiography

Prose \ essay Thomas Paine: Common Sense

Thomas Jefferson: Declaration of Independence

Philip Freneau: poet \ journalist

启蒙运动对美国的影响 oppose coliral order and religious obscurantism.

Secular education and literature → Franklin

一、时期综述

1、美国的性质：The war for Independence ended in the formation of a Federative bourgeois democratic republic –

the

United States of America.联邦的资产阶级民主共和国——美利坚合众国。

二、代表作家：

1、Benjamin Franklin 本杰明.弗兰克林

①代表作：―Poor Richard’s Almanac‖穷人理查德的年鉴 annual collection of proverbs 流行谚语集 It soon became the most popular book of its kind, largely because of Franklin’s shrewd humor, and

first spread his reputation. 机智、幽默、风趣成为最畅销的书籍，弗兰克林的成名作。

②As an author he had power of expression, simplicity, a subtle humor, sarcastic. 作为作家具有非凡的才能，

表达简洁明了，幽默，讽刺天才。

③―Autobiography‖ 自传 18世纪美国唯一流传至今的自传

2、Thomas Paine 托马斯.佩因 ―Great Commoner of Mankind‖ 最平凡的人

①famous pamphlet ―Common Sense‖ 著名的政治小册子《常识》，it boldly advocated a ―Declaration for

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