大学英语三级语法大全
名词性从句
在句子中起名词作用的句子叫名词从句 (Noun Clauses)。 名词从句的功能相当于名词词组, 它在复合句中能担任主语、宾语、表语、同位语、介词宾语等,因此根据它在句中不同的语法功能,名词从句又可分别称为主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。 引导名词性从句的连接词
引导名词性从句的连接词可分为三类:
连接词:that, whether, if(不充当从句的任何成分)
连接代词:what, whatever, who, whoever, whom, whose, which. 连接副词:when, where, how, why 不可省略的连词: 1. 介词后的连词
2. 引导主语从句和同位语从句的连词不可省略。 That she was chosen made us very happy.
We heard the news that our team had won.
比较:whether与if 均为"是否"的意思。 但在下列情况下,whether 不能被if 取代: 1. whether引导主语从句并在句首 2. 引导表语从句
3. whether从句作介词宾语 4. 从句后有"or not"
Whether he will come is not clear.
大部分连接词引导的主语从句都可以臵于句末,用 it充当形式主语。 It is not important who will go.
It is still unknown which team will win the match. 名词性wh-从句
1)由wh-词引导的名词从句叫做名词性wh-从句。Wh-词包括who, whom,. whose, whoever, what, whatever, which, whichever等连接代词和where, when, how, why等连接副词。Wh-从句的语法功能除了和that-从句一样外,还可充当介词宾语、宾语补语和间接宾语等,例如:
主语: How the book will sell depends on its author. 书销售如何取决于作者本人。 直接宾语:In one's own home one can do what one likes. 在自己家里可以随心所欲。 间接宾语:The club will give whoever wins a prize. 俱乐部将给得胜者设奖。 表语: My question is who will take over president of the Foundation. 我的问题是谁将接任该基金会主席职位。
宾语补足语:She will name him whatever she wants to. 她高兴给他起什么名字就取什么名字。
同位语: I have no idea when he will return. 我不知道他什么时候回来。
形容词宾语:I'm not sure why she refused their invitation. 我尚不能肯定她为什么拒绝他们的邀请。
介词宾语: That depends on where we shall go. 那取决于我们去哪儿。
2)Wh-从句作主语也常用先行词it做形式主语,而将wh-从句臵于句末,例如: It is not yet decided who will do that job. 还没决定谁做这项工作。 It remains unknown when they are going to get married. 他们何时结婚依然不明。
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