10年完形真题逐句解析版考研英语真题2008-1999

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十年考研英语完形真题

逐句解析

(2008——1999)

2008 (翻译见P174)

Directions:

Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points) The idea that some groups of people may be more intelligent than others is one of those hypotheses that dare not speak its name. 【整句翻译】 【讲词】hypothesis n.（名词） 【复数】 hy.poth.e.ses 缩写 hyp.,hypoth. 【考研真相】

【云注】本句主干：The idea is one of those hypotheses. 主语、表语后面都有定语从句。

But Gregory Cochran is prepared to say it anyway. 【整句翻译】

【讲词】be prepared to do sth 打算、准备，愿意做某事。 【考研真相】

He is that rare bird, a scientist who works independently of any institution. 【整句翻译】

【讲词】rare bird n. 稀有的人或物,珍品。 independently of 独立于...之外。——《朗道》 【考研真相】

He helped popularize the idea that some diseases not previously thought to have a bacterial cause were actually infections, which aroused much controversy when it was first suggested. 【整句翻译】

【讲词】bacterium n. 细菌 (复数为bacteria)。 【考研真相】

Even he, however, might tremble at the thought of what he is about to do.

【整句翻译】

【讲词】tremble at 被?吓得发抖。at the thought of 一想到?(就)。 【考研真相】

Together with another two scientists, he is publishing a paper which not only suggests that one group of humanity is more intelligent than the others, but explains the process that has brought this about. 【整句翻译】

【讲词】together with 和?一同, 连同?。bring about 造成, 引起〔导致〕(某事)。 【考研真相】

The group in question are a particular people originated from central Europe.

【整句翻译】

【讲词】originate from 来自?; 源于?。 【考研真相】

The process is natural selection. 【整句翻译】

【讲词】natural selection n. 自然选择,物竞天择说。 【考研真相】

This group generally do well in IQ test, scoring 12-15 points above the mean value of 100, and have contributed disproportionately to the intellectual and cultural life of the West, as the careers of their elites, including several world-renowned scientists, affirm. 【整句翻译】 【讲词】do well in 成绩好,?做得好。mean value n. 平均数[值]。mean n.平均数，平均值。 【考研真相】 【云注】此处scoring?虽为分词短语作状语，但score疑为不及物动词。above the mean value of 100作状语，前面的12-15 points反而是作它的定语。

They also suffer more often than most people from a number of nasty genetic diseases, such as breast cancer. 【整句翻译】

【讲词】genetic diseases 遗传疾病。breast cancer n. 乳癌。

suffer from 患(某种病); 受(某种病痛)折磨。You must have suffered from a cold.你一定是感冒了。 【考研真相】

【云注】本句语序有所变化。原顺序是：They also suffer from a number of nasty genetic diseases, such as breast cancer more often than most people.

These facts, however, have previously been thought unrelated. 【整句翻译】 【讲词】

【考研真相】

The former has been put down to social effects, such as a strong tradition of valuing education. 【整句翻译】

【讲词】the former 前者。put down to v. 归因于。 【考研真相】

The latter was seen as a (an) consequence of genetic isolation. 【整句翻译】

【讲词】genetic isolation 遗传隔离。 【考研真相】

Dr.Cochran suggests that the intelligence and diseases are intimately linked.

【整句翻译】 【讲词】

【考研真相】

His argument is that the unusual history of these people has subjected them to unique evolutionary pressures that have resulted in this paradoxical state of affairs. 【整句翻译】

【讲词】subject to v. 使服从,使遭受。subject vt. 使服从, 征服, 制伏。paradoxical adj. 自相矛盾的。state of affairs n. 事态,情势。 【考研真相】

2007 (翻译见P120)

全文：

By 1830 the former Spanish and Portuguese colonies had

become independent nations. The roughly 20 million inhabitants of these nations looked hopefully to the future. Born in the crisis of the old regime and Iberian Colonialism, many of the leaders of independence shared the ideals of representative government, careers open to talent, freedom of commerce and trade, the right to private property, and a belief in the individual as the basis of society. Generally there was a belief that the new nations should be sovereign and independent states, large enough to be economically viable and integrated by a common set of laws.

On the issue of freedom of religion and the position of the

church, however, there was less agreement among the leadership. Roman Catholicism had been the state religion and the only one allowed by the Spanish crown. While most leaders sought to maintain Catholicism as the official religion of the new states, some sought to end the exclusion of other faiths. The defense of the Church became a rallying cry for the conservative forces.

The ideals of the early leaders of independence were often

egalitarian, valuing equality of everything. Bolivar had received aid from Haiti and had promised in return to abolish slavery in the areas he liberated. By 1854 slavery had been abolished everywhere except Spain’s remaining colonies. Early promises to end Indian tribute and taxes on people of mixed origin came much slower because the new nations still needed the revenue such policies produced. Egalitarian sentiments were often tempered by fears that the mass of the population was unprepared for self-rule and democracy.

逐句解析：

By 1830 the former Spanish and Portuguese colonies had become independent nations. 【整句翻译】 【讲词】

【考研真相】

The roughly 20 million inhabitants of these nations looked hopefully to the future. 【整句翻译】

【讲词】look to the future 考虑未来。 【考研真相】

Born in the crisis of the old regime and Iberian Colonialism, many of the leaders of independence shared the ideals of representative government, careers open to talent, freedom of commerce and trade, the right to private property, and a belief in the individual as the basis of society. 【整句翻译】

【讲词】representative adj.由选出之代表组成的; 代议制的: representative elections, governments, institutions 代议制的选举﹑ 政府﹑ 机构。——《牛津高级》

freedom of commerce 通商自由。private property 私有财产,私有制。 【考研真相】

Generally there was a belief that the new nations should be sovereign and independent states, large enough to be economically viable and integrated by a common set of laws. 【整句翻译】

【讲词】state n. 国家。

【考研真相】sovereign and independent states?是三个并列的表语。

On the issue of freedom of religion and the position of the church, however, there was less agreement among the leadership. 【整句翻译】 【讲词】

【考研真相】

Roman Catholicism had been the state religion and the only one allowed by the Spanish crown. 【整句翻译】 【讲词】

【考研真相】

While most leaders sought to maintain Catholicism as the official religion of the new states, some sought to end the exclusion of other faiths.

【整句翻译】

【讲词】faith n. 宗教信仰。to the exclusion of adv. 排斥着。

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