高一英语外研版必修二全部语法及详解

名词转化为动词

很多表示物件、身体部位或某类人的名词可以用作动词，某些抽象名词也可用作动词。名词和动词在转化时，有时不改变意思，有时意思也相应地变化，在学习的过程中注意记忆总结。 1 名词和动词在转化时， 有时不改变意思，有时也相应地变化。 eye n. 眼睛 .（用眼睛看）注释，端详 ship n. 船， v. 用船装 help v. 帮助 n. 帮助 love v. 爱 n.. 爱 picture 能画， 照片 v. 用图表示，描述

2 有些名词和动词在转化时会发生元音改变或词尾变化

blood----bleed sell----sale sing---- song advise----advice bathe----- bath believe---- belief 3 Look at the verbs in bold. What are the nouns of these verbs?

1）When Zhou Kai’s mother saw him heading towards the front door without a jacket on, she eyed him anxiously.

2）I’m not overweight so I never have to diet Step 3 Practice

1． Complete the sentences using the words as verbs. finger hand house mother taste Example: Stop mothering me! I’m not a child. 1. This apartment _________ six people and a dog. 2. She ________ the silk gently. 3. It _________ really delicious. 4. Can you ________ me those papers? 2．Complete the following sentences

1. Did you ____（预定）a seat on a plane yesterday? 2. Please ____ （递）me the book. 3. They ____ (取名)their dog Bob.

4. She ____（护理；照顾）her aged mother every day.

一般将来时(The future simple tense)

1.一般将来时表示将要发生的动作或存在的状态 Zhou kai, you’ll get ill. I’ll buy you a toy.

My sister’s going to see you off.

will和be going to都可以用来表达将要发生的事情，区别如下： (1).单纯谈到将来的事情，没有主观因素，可用will.

It will become warm when spring comes.春天到来，天气将会变暖。 I will be twenty next month.下个月我就20岁了。 (2).表示说话人的推测，用will.

She will be all right after taking the medicine.吃了这药，她就会好的。

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That will be your house.那是你的家吧。 (3).表示一种倾向，用will.

Each time he comes to Beijing, he will visit the Great Wall.每次他来到北京，他都要游览长城。 Without water, man will die.没有水人会死。

(4).表示说话时决定马上要做的动作（多半是听了对方的话后所做出的反应），用will. A: My chest hurts when I breathe.我呼吸时，胸部疼痛。

B: Lie down please, and I’ll examine you.请躺下，我给你检查一下。 (5).表示经过事先考虑或安排后的意思,即―打算做某事‖，用going to do.

My friend is in hospital now, but he is going to come out tomorrow. 我朋友现在医院，但是他明天就要出院了。

She has borrowed some books from the library. She is going to make a careful study.她从图书馆借了一些书。她打算好好作番研究。

(6)在口语中，表示将要发生的事情时，多用be going to . What’s going to happen? 将要发生什么事？

Is there going to be a party tomorrow evening? 明天晚上有聚会吗？ (7)表示根据已有的、并被注意到的迹象将要发生的事情

They are going to miss the train.他们要赶不上火车了。（说话者注意到他们出发时已经太晚了） Look at those dark clouds; it’s going to rain.看那些乌云，要下雨了。 (8).be going to可用于表示将来时间的条件状语从句，will却不能。

If he is going to participate in the competition, he’d better get prepared.如果他打算参加这个竞赛，他最好做好准备。

If we are going to start early, 5 o’clock is ok. 如果我们计划早出发，5点就可以。 (9).will 可用于表示意愿、拒绝等的条件状语从句中。

If Tom won’t come, we will lose the game.如果汤姆不愿意来，我们将输掉这场比赛。

If he will do something useful, he will save the boy.如果他愿意做些有益的事，他会就这个男孩的。 Practice

1．Jim and Li Lei __________（watch）the football match this evening．

2．We are going to play ping-pong on Saturday．（改为一般疑问句并作否定回答）

—__________ __________ going to play ping-pong on Saturday？ —__________，we __________． 3．我叔叔今晚要来。

My uncle __________ __________ __________． 4．我们要讨论这本书。

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We _____ ______ ______ ______ ______ this book． 5．---Do you tell Julia about the result ? ---Oh, no ,I forgot. I ______her now.

A. will be calling B. will call C. call D. am to call 6. Look at the dark clouds in the sky . I think it _____rain. A will B shall C must D is going to

7. If he ____be head teacher of this class , I will not go to this class . A is going to B will C was to D should 8.---- Write to me when you get home ---- ____.

A. I am going to B. I will C. I should D. I can 9. That ____ be Dr. Wang’s clinic. Let’s go and have a look. A. is going to B. will C. is not going to be D. will not.

10. My younger brother ____be 15 years old next year.

A. is going to B. will C. is to D. should 11. Let’s keep to the point or we _____ any decisions. A. will never reach B. have never reached C. never reach D. never reached 12 --- You’ve left the light on.

--- Oh, so I have. _______ and turn it off.

A. I’ll go B. I’ve gone C. I go D. I’m going 13. If he _____ to college, he _____ a lot more.

A. will go; will learn B. will go; is going to learn

C. goes; will learn D. goes; is going to learn 14. --- Sorry, I forgot to post the letter for you. --- Never mind, _____ post it myself tonight.

A. I’m going to B. I prefer to C. I’ll D. I’d rather 15. ---Write to me when you get home. --- ____________.

A. I must B. I should C. I will D. I can 语法项目 1．不定式作状语 1)不定式作目的状语：

He broke into the house to steal something．

Many drug addicts are now in treatment centres to stop taking drugs． He's saving up to buy a new car． He uses a computer to send emails．

2)有时候在不定式前面加上in order to或so as to，否定式为in order not to和so as not to： Let's hurry so as to go to school in time． Let's hurry so as not to be late for school．

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She studied very hard in order to catch up with others． She studied very hard in order not to lag behind．

3)不定式表示目的时，通常它的逻辑主语就是句子的主语，但如果不是的话，就要用for… 结构表示逻辑主语，如：

Mom opened the door for Jane and Betty to come in．

We are now using the series ―New Standard English‖ for students to make great progress． 请注意以下结构：It is so kind of you to come and help us． (这时，you既是to come and help us又是kind的逻辑主语) 再如：It's rude of him to say so． 4)不定式还可以作结果或原因状语： 表结果： What have I done to get all this? She went abroad never to return．

He was so．late as to miss half of the lecture．

She is such a good student as to be respected by all her classmates． The house is large enough to hold two hundred people． He is too young to do the job． 表原因：

She was surprised to see us in the street of London． He laughed to hear the news．

The old lady rejoiced to learn that her son was the champion of the match． 2．so…that…和such(a，an)…that…引导的结果状语从句 1)so…that…和such(a，an)…that…都引导结果状语从句，如： Some of them behave so badly that people call the police． It was such a dangerous drug that he nearly died．

It was such loud music that we couldn't hear ourselves speak． 2)so的后面跟形容词或副词：

The night scene of the lake was so beautiful that we didn't want to come back at all． They played so happily that they forgot the time． 3)such(a，an)后面跟名词：

They were such dangerous drug dealers that people had to ask the police for help． It is such an interesting story that all of them like it．

4)请注意本模块语法项目1.4中讨论的某些不定式作结果状语的句子： He was so late as to miss half of the lecture．

She is such a good student as to be respected by all her classmates． The house is large enough to hold two hundred people． He is too young to do the job．

我们可以把它们改变成结果状语从句：

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He was so late that he missed half of the lecture．

She is such a good student that she is respected by all her classmates． The house is so large that it can hold two hundred people． He is so young that he can't do the job．

a. Now complete the sentences with so, as a result or as a result of.

1. Adam knew that taking drugs was bad, _________he stopped. 2. He stopped taking drugs ________meeting the doctor.

3. Adam met a doctor who explained the problem. __________he stopped taking cocaine. 4. Crack cocaine is very addictive, ________users cannot easily stop using it. 5. He was extremely ill _________taking crack cocaine.

6. He became addicted to crack cocaine, _________ he became very ill.

时间状语从句

时间状语从句主要用于说明主句动词的时间,其类型颇多详见如下归纳。

1． When 引导的时间状语从句,意为―当……的时候‖，when 的从句可以用延续性动词。 He was working at the table when I went in . 当我进去的时候，她正在桌旁工作。 I was watching TV when he came. 他来的时候我正在看电视。

注意：when 也可以作并列连词，表示一个动作即将或正在进行或刚完成的时候，突然发生了另一件事。 I was about to leave when the telephone rang. 我正要离开，这是电话铃响了。 We were working in the chemistry lab, when the lights went out. 我们正在化学实验室工作，突然灯熄灭了。

I had just gone to sleep when there was a knock at the door.. 我刚入睡就有人敲门

2． While 引导的时间状语从句，表示―与……同时，在……期间‖。While 的从句中常用延续性动词或表示状态的词。

They rushed in while we were discussing problems. 当我们正在讨论问题时，他们冲了进来。 Father was cleaning the car while I was playing computer games. 当我正在玩电子游戏时，爸爸在清洗汽车。

注意：while 还可以表示对比意义，意为―而；却‖。例如： Jane was dressed in blue, while Mary was dressed in red. 珍妮穿着蓝色的衣服，而玛丽穿红色的。

3． As 引导的时间状语从句，作―当……的时候，一边……一边‖―随着----‖解，as 的从句中可使用延续性动词，也可使用非延续性动词。例如： He sang as he was working.他一边工作一边唱歌。

As time goes by, we have a better understanding of things around us. 随着时间的推移，我们对自己周围的事务有了更好的理解。

4． Before 和 after 引导的从句：前者一边表示主句的动作发生早从句的动作之前；后者表示主句的动作发生在从句的动作之后。例如：

I didn’t know any English before I started school. 我上学之前，一点英语都不懂

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