煤矿环境治理 - 图文

毕 业 论 文

煤矿开采对周围环境的影响

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二零一零年十一月十九日

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摘 要

煤炭作为我国最主要的能源，在经济发展中发挥了重要作用。然而，长期传统的粗

放型生产经营方式引起许多诸多环境污染和生态破坏问题，并且也已成为影响我国社会、经济和区域可持续发展的综合性制约因素。在分析煤矿开采造成矿区土地资源浪费、水资源破坏和大气污染现状的基础上，根据可持续发展思想，结合ISO14000环境管理标准，提出了以自然-经济-社会复合生态系统理论为基础的矿区生态环境管理体系和“绿色开采技术”。

关键词：煤矿开采；环境污染；绿色开采；综合规划

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Abstract

Coal as the dominating energy source plays an important role in economy development in China， but it has brought forward some environment pollution and ecology destruction， and affected sustainable development in coal mine area since the standing execution of the typically free management in production and operating . This paper analyses the problem of land destruction， water resources and atmosphere pollution due to coal mining， Based on analysis of the environment problems and ISO14000 environment management standard， the ecology and environment management system and “green mining system principle” is put forward in terms of sustainable development.

Key words: coal mining；environment pollution；green mining system；integrated planning

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目 录

摘 要 ........................................................................................................................................ I Abstract.................................................................................................................................... III 1．绪论 ..................................................................................................................................... 1 1.1 当前中国煤矿开采的现状.......................................................................................... 1 1.2 环保型煤矿开采的起源............................................................................................... 2 1.2.1 传统煤矿的缺陷 .................................................................................................... 2 1.2.2 中国人民普遍思想素质的提高 ............................................................................ 2 1.2.3 国际环保呼声空前强烈 ........................................................................................ 2 1.3 研究的方法和目的...................................................................................................... 3 2．煤矿开采工艺的发展 ......................................................................................................... 4 2.1 煤矿开采技术的内涵与发展...................................................................................... 4 2.1.1 煤矿开采内涵 ...................................................................................................... 4 2.1.2 我国煤矿开采技术的发展历程 .......................................................................... 4 2.2 我国采煤技术的发展方向........................................................................................... 5 2.2.1 采煤方法和工艺 .................................................................................................... 5 2.2.2 采煤技术的发展方向 ............................................................................................ 7 3．煤矿开采对水环境的影响 ............................................................................................... 10 3.1 煤矿开采对水环境的影响......................................................................................... 10 3.1.1 地下水资源破坏情况 .......................................................................................... 10 3.1.2 地表水资源破坏情况 .......................................................................................... 12 3.2 水环境污染成因及防治对策..................................................................................... 13 3.2.1 酸性矿井水的危害 .............................................................................................. 13 3.2.2 酸性矿井水形成的原因 ...................................................................................... 14 3.2.3 酸性矿井水的预防与治理 .................................................................................. 15 3.3 山西煤矿开采对水资源的主要危害......................................................................... 16 3.4 水资源污染的控制技术............................................................................................ 17 3.4.1 矿井水污染的控制技术 ...................................................................................... 17 3.4.2 煤矸石淋滤液污染治理 ...................................................................................... 20 3.4.3 煤矿用化工材料污染治理 .................................................................................. 20 4．煤矿开采对大气、土壤以及生态的污染及治理对策 ................................................... 21 4.1矿区大气污染及其防治................................................................................................ 21 4.1.1 矿区大气污染 ...................................................................................................... 21 4.1.2 矿区大气污染的防治措施 .................................................................................. 23

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4.2 煤炭开采对土地的影响............................................................................................. 24 4.2.1 土壤污染 .............................................................................................................. 24 4.2.2 地表破坏 .............................................................................................................. 24 4.2.3 土地治理对策－－土壤复垦技术 ...................................................................... 26 4.3 煤矿开采对周边生态环境的破坏........................................................................... 27 4.3.1 煤矿生产与建设破坏森林植被 .......................................................................... 27 4.3.2 生物资源的损害 .................................................................................................. 27 4.3.3 噪声污染 .............................................................................................................. 28 4.3.4 矿区景观环境损害 .............................................................................................. 29 5．矿区生态综合治理 ........................................................................................................... 30 5.1 煤矿生态系统............................................................................................................. 30 5.2 污染煤矿环境的主要影响因子................................................................................. 33 5.3 运用生态原理来规划和治理煤矿环境..................................................................... 33 5.4 煤矿区生态环境管理................................................................................................. 35 5.4.1 环境管理标准的特征及其意义 .......................................................................... 35 5.4.2 构建煤矿区生态环境管理体系的措施 .............................................................. 36 5.5 开发绿色开采技术实现可持续发展......................................................................... 37 6．案例分析 ........................................................................................................................... 41 6.1 东山矿区主要地质环境问题..................................................................................... 41 6.2 矿区地质环境问题的影响及危害............................................. 错误！未定义书签。 6.3 矿区主要地质环境问题的防治措施........................................ 错误！未定义书签。 结论 ......................................................................................................... 错误！未定义书签。 参考文献 ................................................................................................. 错误！未定义书签。 致 谢 ....................................................................................................... 错误！未定义书签。

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